DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Frequency-Dependent Resistivity and Relative Dielectric Constant of Soil on Water Content

수분함유량에 따른 토양의 저항률 및 비유전율의 주파수의존성

  • 최종혁 (인하대학교 대학원 전기공학과) ;
  • 차응석 (인하대학교 대학원 정보전기공학과) ;
  • 이복희 (인하대학교 대학원 전기전자공학부)
  • Published : 2010.01.31

Abstract

In order to evaluate the performance of a grounding system against lightning or fault currents including high frequency components, the grounding impedance should be considered rather than the steady state ground resistance. To evaluate the ground impedance, the frequency dependence of resistivity and relative dielectric constant of the soil have to be analyzed. This paper deals with the frequency dependence of the resistivity and relative dielectric constant of three types of soil on water content. As a result, the resistivity of soil is getting lower with increasing of water content. It is nearly independent of the frequency in the range less than 1[MHz], and is decreased over the frequency range above 1[MHz]. On the other hand, the relative dielectric constant is rapidly decreased with the frequency in the range less than 1[MHz], but it is nearly independent on the frequency over the range of 1[MHz]. It was found from the experiments that the frequency-dependant resistivity and relative dielectric constant of soil should be considered when designing the grounding systems for protection from lightning or switching surges.

고주파수성분을 포함하는 뇌격전류나 또는 고장전류에 대한 접지시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 접지저항보다는 접지임피던스에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 접지임피던스를 평가하기 위해서는 토양의 저항률과 비유전율의 주파수의존성이 규명되어야 한다. 본 논문은 3가지 다른 토양에 대하여 수분함유량에 따른 저항률과 비유전율의 주파수의존성을 나타낸다. 결론적으로 토양의 저항률은 수분함유량이 증가함에 따라서 작아지게 되고, 1[MHz]보다 낮은 주파수에서 거의 변화하지 않으며 1[MHz]이상의 주파수에서는 감소한다. 반면에 비유전율은 1[MHz]이하의 주파수에서 매우 급격하게 감소하며, 1[MHz]이상의 주파수에서는 거의 변화하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험 결과로 부터 낙뢰 또는 개폐서지에 대한 보호를 목적으로하는 접지시스템의 설계시 토양의 저항률과 비유전율을 고려하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

Keywords

References

  1. R. Kosztaluk, M. Loboda, D. Mukhedkar, “Experimental Study of Transient Ground Impedances”, IEEE Trans. PAS, Vol.100, No.11, pp.4653-4660, 1981.
  2. W. C. Hart and E. W. Malone, Lightning and Lightning Protection, Interference Control Technologies, Inc., Gainesville, Virginia, pp.3.67-3.76, 1988.
  3. T. Takahashi, “A Part of Grounding for Lightning Protection Technique”, J. of the Institute of Electrical Installation Engineers of Japan, Vol.9, pp.671-676, 1989.
  4. M. E. Almeida and M. T. Correia de Barros, “Fundamental considerations on long ground electrodes design”, 13th ISH, pp.241-244, 2003.
  5. Leonid Grcev, “High-frequency performance of ground rods in highly resistive soil”, GROUND 2000 ICGE , pp.85-89, 2000.
  6. S. Visacro, “A Comprehensive approach to the grounding response to lightning currents”, IEEE Trans. PD, Vol.22, No. 1, pp.381-386, 2007.
  7. S. Visacro, G. Rosado “Response of grounding electrodes to impulsive currents: An experimental evaluation”, IEEE Trans. EC, Vol.51, No. 1, pp.161-164, 2009.
  8. S. Visacro and C. Portela, “Soil permittivity and conductivity behavior on frequency range of transient phenomena in electric power systems”, Proc. ISH-87, Germany, Aug. 1987.
  9. C. Portela, “Measurement and modeling of soil electromagnetic behavior,” presented at the IEEE Int. Symp. Electromagnetic Compatibility, Seattle, WA, pp.1004-1009, 1999.
  10. ASTM G57-95a, “Standard test method for field measurement of soil resistivity using the wenner four-electrode method”.
  11. Anggoro, B.; Sinisuka, N.I.; Pakpahan, P.M., “The Influence of Resistivity and Dielectric Constant of Soil Which is Injected by Low to High Current Frequency”, 8th ICPD, pp.912 - 915, June, 2006.
  12. Anggoro, B.; Sinisuka, N.I.; Pakpahan, P.M. “Resistivity and Dielectric Constant Characteristic of Soil If are Treated by Water, Salt and Carbon”, 8th ICPD, pp.893-896, June 2006.

Cited by

  1. Analysis of the Grounding Impedance of a Ground Rod Considering the Frequency-Dependent Resistivity and Relative Permittivity of Soil vol.26, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5207/JIEIE.2012.26.1.054
  2. An Analysis of the Frequency-Dependent Resultant Ground Impedance of Vertical Ground Electrodes Installed in Parallel vol.26, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5207/JIEIE.2012.26.2.099
  3. Frequency-dependent electrical parameters of soils as a function of the moisture content vol.28, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5207/JIEIE.2014.28.6.068