• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.55-66
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• 2021

The air traffic industry, one of Korea's major industries, has recently experienced increased demand from overseas air passengers, launched a low-cost airline, and increased special freight transportation capacity. These initiatives have had a positive impact on air traffic (for example, profitability); however, air traffic management has become more complex, which has increased the incidence of aviation accidents and created safety hazards. There is an increasing need to collect and analyze aviation data that can proactively respond to aviation accidents. Concatenation of collected aviation data as big data and the development of artificial intelligence technology are gradually expanding aviation safety event analysis from conventional statistical analysis to machine learning-based analysis. This paper surveys the trends of flight safety event analysis to derive aviation safety risk factors by looking at the types and characteristics of aviation data that can be used to predict accidents related to safety in aviation operations.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.147-172
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• 2012

The aim of this research is to identify the competencies required by freight forwarding company logistics managers or supply chain managers. And this research also attempts to show their relative importance and key knowledge areas that require improvement. Using a survey questionnaire, data was collected against forty three logistics and supply chain management skills or competencies, which were then grouped into four categories and analysed. The Analysis revealed that supply chain awareness, ability to make decisions, analytical skill, communication skill, supply chain cost, people skill, and integration of internal or external information flow which belong to logistics planning group are considered the most important competencies for effective and efficient logistics functioning. On the other hand, reverse logistics and IATA regulations from environmental awareness group show little influence on logistics managers for improving their logistics performances. The results have implications for a variety of parties including prospective logisticians, students, teachers and companies considering expanding their business to Chinese market. For example, the results permit companies to employ appropriate logistics managers who are qualified with sufficient skills and competencies suggested in this research. In the case of practitioners, the results provide a benchmark for comparison with their current level of abilities and suggested competencies.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2019

The second-hand ship market provides immediate access to the freight market for shipping investors. When introducing second-hand vessels, the precise estimate of the price is crucial to the decision-making process because it directly affects the burden of capital cost to investors in the future. Previous studies on the second-hand market have mainly focused on the market efficiency. The number of papers on the estimation of second-hand vessel values is very limited. This study proposes an artificial neural network model that has not been attempted in previous studies. Six factors, freight, new-building price, orderbook, scrap price, age and vessel size, that affect the second-hand ship price were identified through literature review. The employed data is 366 real trading records of Panamax second-hand vessels reported to Clarkson between January 2016 and December 2018. Statistical filtering was carried out through correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis, and three parameters, which are freight, age and size, were selected. Ten-fold cross validation was used to estimate the hyper-parameters of the artificial neural network model. The result of this study confirmed that the performance of the artificial neural network model is better than that of simple stepwise regression analysis. The application of the statistical verification process and artificial neural network model differentiates this paper from others. In addition, it is expected that a scientific model that satisfies both statistical rationality and accuracy of the results will make a contribution to real-life practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.517-523
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• 2012

Double Stack Train(DST) is being used variously around USA and Canada. The greatest advantage of the DST is mass transportation without extending the length of freight train and number of cars. So the DST system can be a kind of innovative train to increase the competitiveness of rail logistic business. As the domestic rail logistic increase, for enhancement of environment friendly green transportation amount, the DST needs more for efficiency. In this study, as the alternative way to introduce the DST to the Kyungbu Line, it's investigated the extensibility of rail freight with the relation of rail fare discount and examined the necessity of pilot business to the Kyungjeon Line which was expected comparatively lower cost. If the DST system is introduced to the Kyungjeon Line, the cost of mass transportation can be much lower and then the comparativeness of rail transportation will be increased, therefore logistic companies can have some margin additionally. In the result of survey to the related companies, if rail transportation fare is 37.7 % cheaper than current road transportation fare, the modal shift can be transferred by maximum 100%.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.35-53
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• 2021

Over the past 20 years, Korea's number of international passengers and freight transportation records has increased by 8.6% per year, respectively. However, despite the development of sea lanes and increased voyages, there have been constant calls for improving the inefficient management of international passenger ports. Hence, this paper presents improvements and further directions for international passenger port management. Focusing on the Incheon International passenger port as a representative case study, the main results show that the most important, urgent, possible measures for improving the port management include (i) the expansion of customs personnel and implementation of a 24-hours customs clearance system in operation, (ii) installation of buffer facilities between the ferry and ferry cargo and establishment of hinterland specialized in car ferry freight in a facility, and (iii) clear standards for cost-bearing subjects and limitation of high cost related to terminal use in institution. These results imply the need for government policy access and investment reflecting stakeholder opinions at various levels, such as operation, facilities, institution, and so forth, for efficient management of international passenger ports.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.5
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• pp.303-320
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• 1993

The construction of New Seoul International Airport is under way despite much controversy. Among much discussed, but not well-formulated controversy is the possibility of the airport as a hub in the North Asia Region. This paper specifies the factors which render it possible for an airport to be a regional hub. Then each factor is applied to the new airport to see whether it can function as a hub airport. Also examined is the qualitative cost and benefit calculation related to the hub function. The usual discussion has missed one big point of cost side of hub function in the belief that the hub only produces benefits to the national economy where the airline and airport industry belong; earlier-than-expected congestion and the necessity to expand the airport sufficiently enough to accommodate the increasing air demand. An airport as a hub is determined by several factors; geographical location ; economic status of the country where the airport belongs ; bilateral air service agreements according to which the airlines can exercise the route rights; the airport charges which directly influence the cost structure of the carriers ; international aviation and airport related policies of each country in the region ; airport capacity etc. The tentative implications of this paper are the followings; first, the new airport is able to function as a regional hub in the transpacific routes which connect Asian countries and North America. That is, directional hubbing by the airlines is implicated; second, the main benefits may be accrued to american airlines exercising all the route rights in the Asian region; third, the governmental effort to make the new airport a regional hub must take caution in optimizing the hubbing level (% of transitting passengers and freight) between the benefits and the costs. Further Studies may include optimal level of hubbing for the new airport and, quantification of the impact of the new airport on the national economy depending on the degree of hubbing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2009

There is need to reform the road-based logistic transportation system into the railway-based logistics transportation system in order to decrease the total social cost related with logistics transportation. And new transportation modes such as dual mode trailer (DMT) are under consideration, which are expected to decrease current market share of road. But, most of current studies about estimating economical efficiency are focused on developing the probabilistic choice model and then estimating the market share of each mode. We present an approach to compute the optimal market share of each mode in terms of total social cost. To do so, we suggest an optimization model capturing both user choice to maximize his utility and subsidy policy intended to minimize total social cost, simultaneously. Using this model, we present the optimal modal split of container freight.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

As an effective means of price discrimination, some suppliers offer trade credit to the distributors for the purpose of increasing the demand of the product they produce. The availability of the delay in payments from the supplier enables discount of the distributor's selling price from a wider range of the price option in anticipation of increased customer's demand. In this regard, we consider the problem of determining the distributor's optimal price and lot size simultaneously when the supplier permits delay in payments for an order of a product whose demand rate is represented by a constant price elasticity function. It is assumed that the distributor pays the shipping cost for the order and hence, the distributor's ordering cost consists of a fixed ordering cost and the shipping cost that depend on the order quantity. For the analysis, it is also assumed that inventory is depleted not only by customer's demand but also by decay. We are able to develop a solution algorithm from the properties of the mathematical model. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the algorithm developed.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2017

The Terminal Operating Company (TOC) decides to replace the harbor cranes in order to increase revenue and profit through the improvement of unloading efficiency. To achieve this goal, substantial costs and efforts are necessary. However, the conative participation of harbor stakeholders is needed, because they will certainly be passionate enough when expected effects are obvious. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect on stakeholders on direct and indirect cost saving when the cargo handling equipment is replaced. According to the analysis, a total cost saving of 6,561.8 million won will arise including a vessel chartering fee of 3,649.6 million won, a port facility fee of 1,528.8 million won, and fuel costs of 1,383.4 million won as direct effects. As indirect cost effects, a total cost saving of 3,107.0 million won will emerge including an environmental pollution cost of 2,134.8 million won and a freight inventory cost of 972.2 million won. Consequently, the replacement of harbor cranes in the TOC has positive effects on shipping companies, shippers, and the government in terms of costs and other aspects. The results of this study can be utilized as a basis to draw a conative cooperation of stakeholders on TOC's promotion of the harbor cranes replacement.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.1 s.34
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• pp.23-37
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• 2007

Since 1964, HSR, which was opened in Japan, has had a hoge impact on the world. Historically, HSR has similar characteristics to the Roman Road, which promoted rapid movement and hada great influence on international society as transport infrastructure. Recently the development of HSR has become more rapid because of economic, environmental and external cost concern, emphasizing Environmentally Sustainable Transport(EST). In particular, the external cost has become more important factor for justifying HSR. The successful factors of HSR are high demand and cost minimal construction costs. There are two successful HSR models, the Japanese and the French. The former operates based on high demand oriented and the latter focuses on its minimizing costs. The demand orientated model means HSR carries over 100,000 passengers per day as in Japan and Far East Asian countries. The cost minimized model focuses on lower operation and construction costs as in France. In particular, Germany carries both passengers and freight on HSR. The construction costs in Germany are in between those of Japan and France. In future, Korea, Taiwan and China HSR will follow Japan's successful model because of high population density and concentration of economic activity along railway lines. This paper supports Vickerman's argument that HSR is justified where there is a demand of between 12 million and 15 million railway passenger a year(about 40thousand persons/day) between two urban center. This will be shown in the future in Korea, in Taiwan and China. Finally, this paper reviews that HSR activates at 250km/h for dedicated new lines and 200km/h for upgraded lines. In particular, it is successful in area of high population density and cost minimizing technology.