• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.770-774
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• 2002

The effect of mixing ratio of materials and their retort processing conditions on the physical properties and preference of oyster porridge were investigated. Rice gave adequate viscosity (about 800 cp) to the porridge as it was used 10～12% level and half of it was ground. Potato starch, waxy corn starch, and Perfectamyl AC showed small variation in viscosity unrelated to the temperature, that was a good condition for high quality porridge. Especially, waxy corn starch had a good property for retort porridge because its viscosity was maintained high during the processing and decreased to preferable one after processing. Purity CSC, modified starch gave gum-like texture and didn't cause water-separation much after freezing and thawing treatment of the porridge. Therefore, it was good for enhancing the physical property of the porridge as a co-additive of waxy corn starch when it was used at quarter level of waxy corn starch. Xanthan gum increased dispersibility of materials and it was useful for stabilizing physical quality of the porridge without affecting preference when it was used below 0.2% concentration. As a result, the optimal material-mixing ratio was determined as rice 10% (50% of it was ground), waxy corn starch 1.5%, Purity CSC 0.5%, xmthan gum 0.2%, salt 0.3%, and water 87.5%. Oyster's porridge, retort processed with this recipe, showed stable physical property after 6 month storage at room temperature.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2018

The aim of this study was performed to evaluate the effects of ice-binding protein from the arctic yeast Leucosporidium (LeIBP) supplementation on cryopreservation of boar sperm. The collected semen was diluted ($1.5{\times}10^8/ml$) in lactose egg yolk (LEY) and cooled at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 h. The cooled semen was then diluted ($1{\times}10^8/ml$) in LeIBP containing LEY with 9% glycerol and maintained at $5^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The semen was divided into six experimental groups (control, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP). The straws were kept on above the liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) vapors for 20 minutes and then plunged into $LN_2$. After thawing, computer-assisted sperm analysis was used for sperm motility and flow cytometry was performed to assess the viability, acrosome integrity (FITC-PSA/PI), ROS (DCF/PI), lipid peroxidation (BODIPY C11/PI) and apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), respectively. No significant responses were observed for sperm motility. However, sperm viability was significantly increased on 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP groups compared to control (P < 0.05). In addition, acrosome integrity was significantly increases LeIBP groups (P < 0.05) and both ROS and lipid peroxidation level were lower in all LeIBP groups than those of control (P < 0.05). On the other hand, a significant higher apoptosis rate was observed in 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP groups compared to control (P < 0.05). It can be assumed that a supplementation of LeIBP in boar sperm freezing extender is an effective method to increase the sperm qualities after cryopreservation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2000

It is well recognized that damage resulting from freeze-thaw cycles is a serious problem causing deterioration and degradation of concrete. In general, freeze-thaw cycles change the microstructure of the concrete ultimately leading to internal stresses and cracking. In this study, a new method for one-sided stress wave velocity measurement has been applied to evaluate freeze-thaw damage in concrete by monitoring the velocity change of longitudinal and surface waves. The freeze-thaw damage was induced in a $400{\times}350{\times}100mm$ concrete specimen in accordance with ASTM C666 using s commercial testing apparatus. A cycle consisted of a variation of the temperature from -14 to 4 degrees Celsius. A cycle takes 4-5 hours with approximately equal times devoted to freezing-thawing. Measurement of longitudinal and surface wave velocities based on one-sided stress wave velocity measurement technique was made every 5 freeze-thaw cycle. The variation of longitudinal and surface wave velocities due to increasing freeze-thaw damage is demonstrated and compared to determine which one is more effective to monitor freeze-thaw cyclic damage progress. The variation in longitudinal wave velocity measured by one-sided technique is also compared with that measured by the conventional through transmission technique.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2011

This study experimented to evaluate the environment friendly high performance ternary cement concrete deck overlay pavement using mineral admixture such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag. It was measured to find best binder mixing according to replacement rate of mineral admixture with compressive strength and flexural strength. After finding best binder, it is also experimented to evaluate durability on chloride penetration resistance, freezing- thawing resistance, scaling resistance of deicing chemicals, abrasion resistance, alkali-silica reactivity test and bonded environment friendly high performance ternary cement concrete deck overlay pavement experimented to evaluate bonded old deck and new concrete overlay pavement using special polymer cement mortar. In additions, bonded environment friendly high performance ternary cement concrete deck overlay pavement by experimental construction was evaluated at interchange bridge of North Yeoju. Result, examination was indicated better binding with binder replacement of cement 70%, ground granulated blast-furnace slag 15% and fly ash 15%. And special polymer cement mortar used in old deck and new overlay concrete was indicated better bonding both laboratory and construction.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.4 no.2 s.12
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Latex modified concrete(LMC) became to be applied as a new material for newly constructed bridge deck overlays in Korea due to its excellent bond strength, flexural strength and impermeability against water and chloride. However, it could not be adopted at repair job site because of its long curing time required. Thus, a research on latex modified concrete with rapid-setting cement(RSLMC) is necessary if it could develope the sufficient strength for early opening to traffic. This study focused on the durability of latex modified concrete with rapid-setting cement mainly on water permeable resistance and freeze-thaw resistance. The main experimental variables were latex contents(0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) and antifoamer contents (0, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8 and 6.4%). Test results show that the permeability of RSLMC is very low indicating below 100 coulombs at 15% of latex contents at all antifoamer contents. The freeze-thaw resistance of RSLMC maintains above 90% of relative dynamic modulus at 3.2% of antifoamer content until 300 freezing-thawing cycles.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.661-668
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• 2008

It is necessary to develop a new technology for effectively reducing hydration heat and controlling thermal cracking caused increasing construction of large size massive concrete structures such as mat foundation of high-rise building, grandiose bridge, and LNG tank. Therefor, to develop a new technology for reducing hydration heat of large size massive concrete in this study, after developing the latent heat binder for controling hydration heat of concrete by application of latent heat material, it was investigated basic properties and durability such as slump, air content and compressive strength, shrinkage properties, permeability, freezing and thawing resistance, corrosion, and hydration heat generation properties of concrete using latent heat binder. As a test result, it was confirmed that latent heat binder was not affected adversely the basic property and durability of concrete, and was advanced on the reduction of hydration heat and control of thermal crack. It is expected to be applied as the excellent technology on the management of hydration heat and thermal crack in large size mass concrete structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

Very-early strength latex-modified concrete (VES-LMC) was developed with a focus on workability, strength development and long-term durability that would allow for opening a bridge to traffic only 3 hours after concrete placement, which would be useful when repairing concrete bridge deck overlays. However, even though usage of latex in VES-LMC improves the durability, it has a disadvantage that it produces lots of entrained air. Therefore, specific plan is necessary since it is weak for freezing and thawing in air-void structure. In the present study ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) was used. Test results are follows ; Air content of VES-LMC UFFA (VES-LMC using UFFA) concrete was decreased since major pozzolan reaction was happened in one day. It was also found that total air content of concrete was decreased with pozzolan reaction since air content in 28 days was the same with one day air content. The addition of calcium hydroxide increased entrained air which is smaller than size of 200 ${\mu}m$. It was effective to improve the air-void structure of VES-LMC since spacing factor can be confirmed as smaller than size of 200 ${\mu}m$ using more than 15% of UFFA.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.375-380
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• 1999

This study was conducted to develop an intrauterine inseminator (IUI) to deposit of frozen semen into uterus and to evaluate the results obtained after artificial insemination by IUI. Two Japanese spitzs (2 to 4 years of age) were used as semen donors. Semen was collected by manual masturbation into sterile glass collection tubes and separated into 3 fractions with only the sperm-rich fractions retained for further examination. Sperm motility >70%, sperm concentration of 200 to $400{\times}10^6 cells/ml$$\times$g for 5 min and poured out the suspended solution, and then diluted with 2 ml Tris-buffer which was consisted of 2.4 g Tris, 1.4 g citric acid, 0.8 g glucose, 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml streptomycin, 100 IU/ml penicillin, 20 ml egg yolk to 100 ml mili-Q water (Ext I) or supplemented with 8 ml glycerol and 1 ml Equex STM paste to 100 rnl (Ext II). The diluted semen was cooled to 5$^{\circ}C$ in cold room, where the temperature in the sample reached 5$^{\circ}C$. Two h after beginning the cooling procedure, 2 ml of Ext II, also at 5$^{\circ}C$, was added and mixed by gently reversing the tubes several times during 1 h. The final sperm concentration for freezing was approximately $50{\times}10^6 cells/ml$. After equilibration, the semen was loaded into 0.5 ml straw and frozen on the liquid nitrogen vapour in styrofoam box. The straws were thawed at 7$0^{\circ}C$ for precisely 6 sec. After thawing of each straw, the frozen semen can survived over 50% motility. All the females were inseminated twice with 1 ml of $25{\times}10^6 cells/ml$

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Semen cryopreservation induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the ROS cause sperm damage. We aimed to investigate the effects of the antioxidative enzyme catalase (CAT) on sperm quality and ROS during cryopreservation. Sperm rich fractions collected from five Duroc boars were cryopreserved in freezing extender with (200 or 400 U/mL) or without CAT (control). After thawing, sperm motility, viability, normal morphology, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial function and intracellular ROS were evaluated. CAT significantly improved total sperm motility at a concentration of 400 U/mL (P < 0.05), but didn't improve progressive sperm motility, viability, morphological defects, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial function in frozen-thawed boar sperm. In evaluation of ROS, CAT had no effect on reduction in ${\cdot}O_2$, but scavenged $H_2O_2$ in viable frozen-thawed boar sperm at concentrations of 200 and 400 U/mL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CAT was not enough to improve quality of frozen-thawed sperm, but can reduce $H_2O_2$ generation in viable boar sperm during cryopreservation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.115-119
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• 2014

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the survival rate of vitrified mouse blastocysts depending on the presence or absence of sucrose in vitrification solution. Methods: Mouse two-cell embryos were collected and cultured to blastocysts. Two vitrification solutions were prepared. The control solution was composed of 25% glycerol, 25% ethylene glycol, and 0.5 M sucrose (G25E250.5S) containing 2.5 mL glycerol, 2.5 mL ethylene glycol, 2 mL SSS, and 0.855 g sucrose in 5 mL PB1. The experimental solution was composed of 25% glycerol and 25% ethylene glycol (G25E25) and contained 2.5 mL glycerol and 2.5 mL ethylene glycol in 5 mL PB1. Artificial shrinkage was conducted by aspirating the blastocoelic fluid using an ICSI pipette. To examine the effect of sucrose in the vitrification solution on the survival rate of mouse blastocysts, the shrunken-equilibrated blastocysts were rehydrated or vitrified after being exposed to one of the two vitrification solutions. After exposure and the vitrification-thawing process, the re-expansion rate and hatching rate were evaluated after 6 hours of in vitro culture. Results: The re-expansion rate of mouse blastocysts exposed to vitrification solution with and without sucrose were not different in the experimental solution (without sucrose) (98%) and the control solution (with sucrose) (92%) (p>0.05). The hatching rate was higher in the experimental solution (95%) than in the control solution (88%), but did not differ across two treatments (p>0.05). The re-expansion rate of mouse blastocysts vitrified in the control solution was 92% and 94%, respectively (p>0.05), and the hatching rate was higher in the experimental solution (90%) than in the control solution (74%) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sucrose need not be added in vitrification solution for freezing of artificially shrunken mouse blastocysts.