• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2008

This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME ($\underline{W}$ide Range Non-$\underline{IN}$trusive $\underline{D}$evices toward $\underline{C}$onservation of $\underline{HI}$storical Monuments in the $\underline{ME}$diterranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 ${\times}$ 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 ${\times}$ 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets' stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets' location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A $1/16^{th}$ scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.271-278
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• 2019

Sochi Heo Ryeon (1808 ~ 1893), who was born in Jindo in the late Joseon Dynasty, is a master of three classes, caligography, painting.It is a representative painter who is called the founder of the Honam Paintings. He learned Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism from choui and learned the basics of painting.He became a student of Kim Chung Hee as an introduction of choui. Since then, I have correctly understood the painting aesthetic that realizes the painting by the paintings and paintings of chusa. And he succeeded it in the art world of Honam. His life and artistic features are the wandering that lasted over 70, many work activities, and details the records habit of details of "Sochisillok". Sochi's paintings aimed at Namjong painting, expressing the simple and clear beauty of the free brush and the landscape painting of ye-hwang style. In addition, the peony was painted with bizarre rocks, expressing the lively beauty by changing the brush to be called 'Heo-peony'. And it fulfilled the desire for riches and honors and the taste of Sunbee at the same time, and it became a representative material of 'Unlimsanbang' after being passed on to the house. His naturalized style of painting and painting aesthetic have been influential to the art world in modern Korea until now, forming a painter 's vein for 200 years over 5 generations.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2006

The muscular-skeletal disorders(MSDs) that have become a major issue recently in Korean industrial safety area are mainly caused by manual material handling task. The objective of this study is to provide scientific data for the establishment of work safety standard for Korean workers through the experiments of lifting task under various conditions, in order to prevent the muscular-skeletal disorders in the industrial work site. Eight male college students were recruited as participants. Three different lifting frequencies(1, 3, 5 lifts/min) and three twisting angles(including the sagittal plane and two asymmetric angles; i.e., 0°, 45°, 90°) for symmetric and asymmetric tasks, respectively, with three lifting range from floor to knuckle height, knuckle to shoulder, floor to shoulder height for one hour's work shift using free style lifting technique were studied. The maximum acceptable weight of load(MAWL) was determined under the different task conditions, and the oxygen consumption, heart rate, and RPE were measured or recorded while subjects were lifting their MAWLs. The results showed that: (1) The MAWLs were significantly decreased as the task frequency and task angle increased.; (2) The heart rate, oxygen consumption, RPE significantly increased with an increase in lifting frequency although maximum acceptable weight of lift decreased.; (3) The highest heart rate and oxygen consumption was recorded at the lifting range of floor to shoulder, followed by floor to knuckle and knuckle to shoulder.; (4) The RPE value showed that subjects perceived more exertion at the high frequency rate of lifting task and lifting range of floor to shoulder height. (5) The modeling for MAWL using isometric strength, task angle and lifting frequency were developed. It is expected that use of the results provided in this study may prove helpful in reducing MMH hazards, especially from lifting tasks for Korean, and can be used as a basis for pre-employment screening.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.346-359
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine students' reasons and standards for purchasing their casual upper garments through online shoppin. A questionnaire composed of 26 items in five-point Likert type (14 items for measuring reasons, and 12 items for measuring standards for their purchase) was administered. The subjects were 422 male and female students attending middle schools, high schools and colleges located in the metropolitan region of Daegu. For a statistical analysis, a $3{\times}2$ two way ANOVA design (3 levels of schools: middle school, high school and college and 2 sexes: male and female) was involved, and Turkey's HFD multiple comparisons were made. The results showed that the reasons for students' purchasing casual upper garments through online shopping malls were as follows: quality, availability of discount coupons and points, other benefits such as special promotions, gifts, the easy return of goods and refunds, and also no trial of wearing shirts even at off-line stores. Significant differences in purchasing reasons through online shopping were found among middle schoo, high school and college students. There were also significant differences between male and female students mostly found in three variations of purchasing reasons: ease of availability of garments in contemporary fashion, convenient shopping without any restriction on time, and the decision to purchase with help from consumers' recommendations. Significant differences among middle school, high school and college students were found in the following standards for the students' decision to purchase their casual upper garments through online shopping: affordability, color, design, style, payment safety, and ease of maintenance (cleaning and ironing). Differences between male and female students were found to be significant in the following categories: affordability, fashionable, brand name, free delivery, product quality, coordination with other clothes, and consumers' recommendations on the products concerned.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1998

This paper introduces to a simple culture method and growth of axenic (bacteria-free) rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis for seed stock of rotifer mass culture. This rotifer axenic culture method is based on the washing and transferring with sterilized sea water and modified antibiotic mixture AM9 solution. Population growth (final density on day 16) of axenic cultured rotifer were maintained with a high density and stable growth compared with the control of non-axenic culture (general culture style) through the 3 times-rerunning experiments (trial 1, 2 and 3). But the egg carrying rates of amictic females were not different between the axenic-and non-axenic culture condition. Although, rotifer density was higher in axenic culture, the food (Nannochloropsis oculata) was still remained unutilized than that of the non-axenic culture in third trial culture. These results suggest the possible existence of harmful bacteria for the rotifer population growth in the trial 1 and 3 of non-axenic culture compared to the trial 2. This axenic rotifer culture method is valuable for seed stock of the stable rotifer mass cultures.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of routine haecho bibimbab (boiled rice with assorted seaweed mixtures) consumption on the bowel habits in humans. Forty free-living adults (female 38, male 2) participated in this study (mean age $41.2\;{\pm}\;7.5$). After a baseline survey on general characteristics, life style and dietary habits, the participants were asked to consume haecho bibimbab during two-week period for lunch. Habitual bowel movements were checked out every day by a questionnaire and nutrient intake was estimated by a 24-hour recalls before and after the study. After 2 weeks of clinical trial, the bowel habits had improved. Haecho bibimbab increased the number of bowel movements, changed hard stools into softer ones. It also lessen the sense of incomplete evacuation, and abdominal pain during defecation, increased water intake (p < 0.001) and improved gastrointestinal problem. The participants believed that haecho bibimbab was effective in improving their constipation symptoms and bowel habits (p < 0.01). Routine haecho bibimbab consumption tended to increase especially vitamin A, E and folate intake (p < 0.01). The present findings suggest that routine seaweed-based lunch meal (haecho bibimbab) consumption may improve bowel habits without side effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.259-270
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• 1992

The changes in life style today appear many ways. Many housewives turn away from home preparation of the time consuming traditional foods, such as 'Andong sikhe'. The importance, however, of succeeding the traditional cuisines is getting appreciated widely nowadays. This study aimed to investigate the preparation of Andong sikhe by use of pure culture inoculation and the improvement of storage stability by the addition of stabilizers to the product. Lactobacillus delbreuckii was selected for the pure culture inoculation in the fermentation. The changes in chemical composition such as total acidity, sugar content, amino acid and various forms of nitrogen during fermentation were determined. The changes in pH of the product, the enzyme activities and the population of lactic acid bacteria were also followed in the process of fermentation. The Lactobacillus dominated in the beginning of the fermentation but the Streptococcus out numbered the former as the fermentation proceeded. The crude protein content increased up to the 4th day of fermentation but slowly decreased there after. The pH of the product rapidly decreased to 4.2 by the 2nd day of fermentation. The total acidity reached to the 0.38% by the 2nd day of fermentation and kept on increasing slowly during the fermentation. The free sugar consisted of 6 kinds including maltose and one unknown sugar. The amino form nitrogen increased up to 38.5mg% at the 2nd day of fermentation and the product tasted best at this time. The ammonia form nitrogen, water soluble and salt soluble protein decreased during fermentation. Proline and aspartic acid were the two major free amino acids. The free methionine increased while the free lysine decreased in the process of fermentation. The major amino acids of water soluble and salt soluble protein were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. The arginine content of salt soluble protein increased as the fermentation proceeded. Linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid were the three major fatty acids and occupy 90% or more of the total fatty acids. The activities of acid protease and liquefying amylase reached to the maximum at the 4th day of fermentation while those of saccharogenic amylase and lipase reached to the peak at the 2nd day of fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.89-107
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• 2014

The purposes of this study are to analyze the effectiveness of public library reading programs for children in qualitative way and to apply the outcomes to identify areas to measure the success of library reading programs. Interviews were conducted with children who participated in '2013 Reading Books with Libraries' program and adults who were in charge of managing the program. Observations on the program were also conducted. The findings indicate that children who participated in '2013 Reading Books with Libraries' program positively changed in various aspects. Selected areas to measure the success of library reading programs include: reading behavior; attitude to books; awareness of libraries and librarians; participation of library reading programs; the ability to read aloud; the ability to comprehend stories by listening; aggression; the ability to express one's own feelings; speech ability; concentration power; and undiscovered potential. The elements that affect the success or failure of library reading programs include: librarian's enthusiasm on running the reading program; environmental condition of the community child care center; age differences between child participants; running style of the instructor's program; selection of books; child participants' reading abilities and interests in reading; available time for free voluntary reading.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2001

The purpose of this study were to develop cooperative learning lesson plan for middle school home economics class and to identify the effect of cooperative learning on students\` self-esteem. The content of lesson was chosen from the food and nutrition section of home economics textbooks for middle school. The main structure of the lesson plan stems from $\boxDr$Lesson Plan Guide of Structuring Cooperative Learning Lesson Plan for Teachers$\boxUl$ by D. Johnson. R Johnson and E. Holubec. Various kinds of references including media reading materials cooperative group activity reports and cooperative group activity checking lists were newly developed according to the content of lesson. Eight hour lesson plans were developed and applied to 2nd grade middle school students and pre-test and post-test were taken to test the effect of Johnson\`s cooperative learning method on students\` self-esteem. Students at a Middle School located in Seoul were divided into two grouts, the three classes as experimental group and the other three classes as control group. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA using SPSS/WIN program. As a result, the hypothesis that the degree of self-esteem of the experimental group is higher than that of control group was adopted (P.(001). Among the sub-factors of self -esteem. the global self-esteem and the social-peer self-esteem scores of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group(p.(001 each). but the school-academic self-esteem score was not different (p> .05) According to the post-experiment free-style report. student as a dynamic subject could get initiatives and interests in home economics class more effectively by cooperative learning. Therefore, it could be said that cooperative learning has positive effect on the promotion of students\` self-esteem and is considered to be a good teaching method of home economics subject.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze design characteristics of Korean War Memorials(KWM) in the United States(KWMUS). Through site survey and internet searching, the researcher selected 25 KWMUS and analyzed four analysis categories: design concept, spatial form, landscape details, and sculptures. The results are as follows: 1. The analysis revealed that main concepts of KWMUS were to cherish victims of the Korean War, show membership/locality/patriotism, express feelings and the meaning of war, and explain the Korean War realistically and symbolically. 2. Most KWMUS in memorial parks and plazas were designed to pursue the completion of each memorial assuming the form of typical and symmetrical circles and squares. Also, spatial order including spatial sequence was seen in some of KWMUS. 3. Stone walls, stone monument, flags, emblems and paving were used as main landscape details. The map of the Korean peninsula and Taegeuk were often introduced to symbolize Korea and the Korean War, and the symbolic phrase, 'Forgotten War' or 'Freedom is Not Free' were written on the stone to keep the Korean War in the minds of Americans. 4. Sculptures were used as important media to represent the Korean War in a variety of ways. Most of them were formed realistically, except for a few sculptures that aimed to represent the Korean War symbolically and narratively. In particular, the sculptures in Washington D.C. KWVM and Minnesota KWM were remarkable as symbolic media of war memorials in contemporary society. Further study will be required to analyze comparatively KWM in Korea and the U.S. and to understand characteristics of KWM in the point of design style.