• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.344-356
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• 2013

Due to implementation of legislations for translation poor such as handicapped people, elderlies, children most public buildings are now integrating barrier free design methods. However, barrier free design is still considered as constraints of physical elements that only serve to meet functional aspects for minors and conflict with designs of the space. The authors believe that it is time that barrier free design is considered not as constraints but opportunities that both meet functional and aesthetical needs serving the growing population of transportation poor and others as well. This paper has looked into characteristics of transportation poor and barrier free design elements of passenger terminals and developed 4 categories of design methods. applied by using human sense, form, furniture, and architectural elements. Then the authors analyzed Gunsan International and coastal passenger terminal existing conditions which is considered to be designed to meet barrier free guidelines and legislations through the developed design categories and elements. The result turned out that the subject in regard of barrier free designs for transportation poor lack various applications such as forms that can be used as symbolic and directional elements that assists as wayfinding cues. Also, flexible and multi functional approaches in furniture arrangements, structural approaches are needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.256-265
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• 2014

A sudden increase of old people's free urban railway transportation resulted from the acceleration of aging trend causes the chronic deficit. As continuous deficit caused by the free urban railway transportation of old people is expected, a fairness problem about the fare system of using public transportation is issued because only the urban railway provides free-rides to them, which is contrast to bus-riders paying full payments. Therefore, the study intends to draw an alternate to solve the problem of the free urban transportation uses by calculating an appropriate fare ratio between the two transportation modes, which is expected to alleviate the fairness issue between the urban railway and the bus.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1558-1566
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• 2010

After the establishment of 'Staggers' Rail Legislation' in 1980, which established an atmosphere of free competition in rail freight transportation market, freight railway in America became larger and the proportion of freight railway in the market increased. In 2008, it took up 43% of the transportation market based on tonne/mile unit and the productivity of freight rail increased. On the other hand, in the case of Korea, the competing atmosphere is being set up under the influences of the renovation of the rail transportation industry in 2004. However, to make the rail transportation market more active and become more advanced, a lot of efforts are required to build a stronger foundation of free competition atmosphere. In this paper, we have deducted the political implications on the establishment of strengthened competition in Korean rail transportation industry from reviewing what kind of changes the rail transportation market in America went through and how it was developed. In this case, we have focused on the changes in industrial trend towards the restriction policy. Also influences of the deregulation policy after 1980 on the enhanced market efficiency were reviews.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.335-345
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• 2017

Free vibration analysis for continuous bridge under any number of vehicles is conducted in this paper. Calculation strategy for natural frequency and mode shape is proposed based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and numerical assembly method. Firstly, a half-car planar model is adopted; equations of motion and displacement functions for bridge and vehicle are established, respectively. Secondly, the undermined coefficient matrices for wheels, vehicles, intermediate support, left-end support and right-end support are derived. Then, the numerical assembly technique for conventional finite element method is adopted to construct the overall matrix of coefficients for whole system. Finally, natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are determined based on iterative method and overall matrix solution. Numerical simulation is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results reveal that the solutions of present method are exact ones. Natural frequencies and associate modal shapes of continuous bridge under different conditions of vehicles are investigated. The influences of vehicle parameters on natural frequencies are also demonstrated.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.42 no.2 s.140
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• pp.88-97
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• 2005

A new numerical scheme solving two-phase flow, the Hybrid VOF method for improved free surface capturing has been developed by combining a volume capturing VOF method with the Level-Set reinitialization procedure. For validation, the proposed method is applied to 3-D bubble rising problem, dam breaking and the free surface flow around a commercial container ship. The calculated results by using the Hybrid VOF method with the two previously applied VOF formulations are compared with available numerical and experimental data. It is found that the new method provides more reasonable results than the two previous ones.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.666-671
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• 2020

To analyze the quality characteristics of soybean (Glycine max), the approximate analysis, physical properties, mineral and free sugar content of domestic soybean cultivars were analyzed. The moisture content was about 9.15~11.84%. The fat content of Cheonga, Taekwang, and Jinpung cultivars were 17.93~18.37%, which was significantly higher than that of others. Protein content of Cheonga and Seonyu were 36.15~36.70%, significantly higher than that of others. As for the weight and shape of soybeans, the Daewon was the largest allele, and the seed cover ratio was the highest in the Seonyu. In terms of water absorption rate, the Seonyu showed the highest absorption rate at 246.19%, and the Daewon showed the lowest absorption rate. Soaked soybeans had a hardness of 2.80~4.73 kg/㎠, which did not show low hardness in the sample with high moisture absorption. The grinded soybeans showed higher lightness and yellowness values than the raw soybeans, and the redness was decreased. Soybean minerals contained high K, P, Mg, and Ca content. Overall, The Taekwang contained more minerals than others. Stachyose, sucrose, glucose and fructose were detected as free sugars in soybeans. The total free sugar content of Taekwang was the lowest at 3.47%, and the Cheonga (6.80%) was the highest.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.349-359
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• 2011

Input excitation and output response of structure are needed in conventional modal analysis methods. However, input excitation is often difficult to be obtained in the dynamic load test of bridge structures. Therefore, what attracts engineers' attention is how to get dynamic parameters from the output response. In this paper, a structural experimental modal analysis method is introduced, which can be used to conveniently obtain dynamic parameters of the structure from the free decay response. With known damping coefficients, this analysis method can be used to identify the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of MDOF structures. Based on the modal analysis theory, the mathematical relationship of damping ratio and frequency is obtained. By using this mathematical relationship to improve the previous method, an improved experimental modal analysis method is proposed in this paper. This improved method can overcome the deficiencies of the previous method, which can not identify damping ratios and requires damping coefficients in advance. Additionally, this improved method can also identify the natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios of the bridge only from the free decay response, and ensure the stability of identification process by using modern mathematical means. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method are demonstrated by a numerical example of a simply supported reinforced concrete beam.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.577-593
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• 2014

An exact dynamic stiffness method is introduced for investigating the free vibration characteristics of the steel-concrete composite beams consisting of a reinforced concrete slab and a steel beam which are connected by using the stud connectors. The elementary beam theory is used to define the dynamic behaviors of the two beams and the relative transverse deformation of the connectors is included in the formulation. The dynamic stiffness matrix is formulated from the exact analytical solutions of the governing differential equations of the composite beams in undamped free vibration. The application of the derived dynamic stiffness matrix is illustrated to predict the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the steel-concrete composite beams with seven boundary conditions. The present results are compared to the available solutions in the literature whenever possible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.98-102
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• 2002

As the nuclear power plant has been operated continuously and increased gradually, transportation and storage of spent fuel are seriously considered nowadays. The transportation cask which contains radioactive material needs to be inspected about structural safety. About safety verification, description of IAEA Safety Standards states that cask must withstand hypothetical accident conditions. In this paper, 9m free drop impact analysis was performed for transportation cask and impact limiter by using the finite element methods. Furthermore, we obtained the dynamic behavior of wood to as compared with safety test results, and verified the safety of transportation cask.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.257-274
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• 2016

The nonlocal static bending, buckling, free and forced vibrations of graphene nanosheets are examined based on the Kirchhoff plate theory and Taylor expansion approach. The nonlocal nanoplate model incorporates the length scale parameter which can capture the small scale effect. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton's principle and the Navier-type solution is developed for simply-supported graphene nanosheets. The analytical results are proposed for deflection, natural frequency, amplitude of forced vibration and buckling load. Moreover, the effects of nonlocal parameter, half wave number and three-dimensional sizes on the static, dynamic and stability responses of the graphene nanosheets are discussed. Some illustrative examples are also addressed to verify the present model, methodology and solution. The results show that the new nanoplate model produces larger deflection, smaller circular frequencies, amplitude and buckling load compared with the classical model.