• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.835-841
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• 2002

고추장의 염 함량을 낮추기 위하여 고추장 발효 및 유통 중 문제가 되는 가스발생을 억제하는 효과가 입증된 고추냉이와 겨자를 1.2% 수준으로 첨가한 후 염 함량을 $4{\sim}10%$로 조정한 고추장을 발효하면서 성분변화와 관능적 특성을 염이 10% 함유된 일반고추장(대조구)과 비교하였다. 염 첨가량이 낮을수록 pH 강하 및 산도의 증가 속도는 빨랐으며, 색차는 식염 첨가량이 증가할수록 적어졌다. 아미노산성 질소는 발효중 증가하여 발효 $9{\sim}120일 사이 최고에 도달하였고 염 첨가량이 적을수록 그 함량은 높게 나타났으며 유리아미 acid, glutamic acid, serine 순 이었다. 고추장 숙성이 완료된 시점(120일 발효)에서 관능 검사한 결과 고추냉이와 겨자를 첨가한 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 우수하였고 염 첨가량 6% 수준까지 대조구보다 우수하여 저염 고추장 제조 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

The consumption of catchup is increasing due to the raising of income level and food industry and westernization of dietary life followed by economic growth. In this paper I picked up three kinds of food produced by two foreign food companies and three kinds of food by two domestic companies. The average results by experimentation on the nutritive ingredients and the standard quality was as follows; A. Nutritve ingredients; 1) Water content a) Domestic 68.3% b) Foreign 69.1% 2) Protein content a) Domestic 2.2 g b) Foreign 2.1 g 3) Fat content a) Domestic 0.1 g b) Foreign 0.1 g 4) Carbohydrate content a) Domestic 25.1 g b) Foreign 24.6 g 5) Mineral content (Ash) a) Domestic 4.4 g b) Foreign 3.9 g 6) Calcium content a) Domestic 33.5 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 7) Phosphorus content a) Domestic 16.1 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 8) Vitamin C content a) Domestic 14.6mg b) Foreign 16.0 mg B. Standard quality 1) Remains after evaporation a) Domestic 41.7% b) Foreign 38.4% 2) Free mineral acid content a) Domestic none b) Foreign none 3) Tar chromatophore a) Domestic $trace(Acid)^+$ b) Foreign none 4) Heavy metalic $elements^*$ 5) Sodium chloride content a) Domestic 3.3% b) Foreign 3.3% 6) pH level a) Domestic 3.83 b) Foreign 3.76 + The tar chromatophore elements could not be accurately measured by chromatography. * The heavy metalic elements were both under safety levels in the domestic and foreign products.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2002

The structure of species formed in $NbCI_5-I-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium$ chloride (EMIC) room-temperature molten salt (RTMS) was examined with the Raman spectroscopic measurement and ab initio molecular orbital calculation. The equilibrium structures of $NbCl_5,\;NbCl_6^-,\;Nb_2CI_{10},\;Nb_2CI_{11}^-,\;Nb_3CI_6^-,\;NbCI_6^--EMI^+\;(in\;which\;NbCI_6^-$ anion approaches $EMI^+$ cation with strong interaction) and $Nb_2CI_{11}^--EMI^+$ were obtained with the HF/LANL2DZ level of calculation. The harmonic frequencies at each equilibrium structure were compared with Raman spectra. The harmonic frequencies of $NbCI_6^--EMI^+,\; Nb_2CI_{11}^--EMI^+,\;and\;Nb_2CI_{10}$ were in good agreement with the Raman spectra of RTMS melts. In the $NbCI_5-EMIC RTMS$, the main species were $NbCI_6^-\;and\;EMI^+$. In the $NbCl_5-EMIC$ RTMS added $NbCl_5\;over\;50mol\%$, small amount of $Nb_2CI_{11}^-\;and\; Nb_2CI_{10}$ were also formed. The structures of anions and cation in the RTMS distorted from free ions with Coulomb force.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

연근의 에탄올 추출물이 과당 유도 고혈압 백서의 신장 기능에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 뇨량과 전해질 배설량, 혈장의 creatinine, creatinine 청소율, 자유-수분 재흡수량 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과 연근은 과당 유도 고혈압 백서에서 나타나는 전해질 배설량의 변화를 개선시키는 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났고 단지 삼투질 농도의 배설량에만 약간의 개선 효과를 보였다. 신장의 가장 중요한 기능중 하나는 여과 기능이고 이를 나타내는 지표는 사구체 여과율인데, 고혈압 백서에서 혈장내 creatinine 농도가 증가하였고, creatinie 청소율이 크게 억제되었으나 연근추출물 투여 후 사구체 여과율의 감소가 회복되었다. 그러므로 연근은 과당으로 유도된 고혈압 흰쥐의 사구체 여과율을 개선시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1974

芳香族디아민을 강한 광물산의 妓質中에서 디아조化하고, 이때 얻은 테트라아조늄염을 還元함으로서 芳香族 디히드라진類의 合成에 응용할 수 있는 실용적인 方法을 創案하였다. 파라페닐렌디아민을 진한 鹽酸 또는 45% 過鹽素酸을 妓質로 해서 低溫에서 아질산나트륨으로디아조化하여 얻은 테트라아조늄鹽을 염화주석(II)으로 還元하여 파라페닐렌디히드라진(PPDH)을 鹽酸鹽의 微細한 針狀結晶으로 分離하였다. PPDH의 遊離鹽期는 空氣中에서 酸化되기 쉽기 때문에不安定하여 分離할수 없었다. PPDH${\cdot}$2HCl은 明確한 융점을 보이지 않고 $^180{\circ}C$에서 炭化되면서 分解하였다. PPDH는 芳香族 모노히드라진과 유사한 性質이 있었으며, 초산염의 緩衝溶液에서 알데히드 및 케톤과 반응시키면 재빨리 反應하여 노랑색 내지 갈색을 띤 縮合化合物인 디히드라존이 生成되었다. 이것은 PPDH가 디카르보닐化合物과 反應하여 高分子의 폴리마나 還狀縮合物을 形成할 것임을 暗示한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.357-361
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• 2018

We demonstrated a crack-free ${\alpha}-Ga_2O_3$ on sapphire substrate by horizontal halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). Oxygen-and gallium chloride-synthesized Ga metal and HCl were used as the precursors, and $N_2$ was used as the carrier gas. The HCl flow and growth temperature were controlled in the ranges of 10~30 sccm and $450{\sim}490^{\circ}C$, respectively. The surface of ${\alpha}-Ga_2O_3$ template grown at $470^{\circ}C$ was flat and the root-mean-square (RMS) roughness was ~2 nm. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) values for the symmetric-plane diffractions, were as small as 50 arcsec and those for the asymmetric-plane diffractions were as high as 1,800 arcsec. The crystal quality of ${\alpha}-Ga_2O_3$ on sapphire can be controlled by varying the HCl flow rate and growth temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.103-124
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• 1986

Since it has been suggested that atrial receptor may be involved in the mechanism of extracellular volume regulation, it was shown that the granularity of atrial cardiocytes can be changed by water and salt depletion, and that an extract of cardiac atrial tissue, when injected intravenously into anesthetized rats, was shown to cause a large and rapid increase in renal excretion of sodium. Various natriuretic peptides were isolated and synthetized, and the effects were investigated by many workers. Most studies, however, have been carried out under anesthesia and there have teen some controversies over direct effect of the factor on the renal function. Therefore, it was attempted in this study to access the effects of an atrial extract and a synthetic natriuretic factor in unanesthetized rabbits. Intrarenal arterial infusion of atrial extract caused a rapid increase of urinary volume and excretion of sodium. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were both increased with no change in filtration fraction. The ventricular extract produced no change in urinary excretion of electrolytes, nor in renal hemodynamics. Intrarenal infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor caused increases of renal excretory rate of sodium, chloride and potassium, and $FE_{Na}$. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow increased. And free water clearance also increased. Accentuated excretory function correlated well with increased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow during infusion and for 10 minutes following the cessation of the infusion. Renin secretion rate decreased during constant infusion of atrial natriuretic factor. However, no correlation was found with the changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or urinary excretion of sodium. These results suggest that atrial extract or atrial natriuretic factor induces changes in renal hemodynamics, as in excretion of electrolytes either indirectly through hemodynamic changes or directly by inhibiting tubular reabsorption. At the same time, renin secretory function is affected by the factor possibly through an unknown mechanism.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

돌돔의 피부는 크게 상피층과 진피층으로 구분되며, 상피층은 지지세포, 선세포 및 부속세포로 구성된다. 지지세포는 표면세포, 중간세포 및 기저세포, 선세포는 점액세포와 곤봉상세포, 그리고 부속세포는 염세포가 관찰된다. 표면세포는 편평형 또는 입방형으로서 타원형의 핵을 가지고, 미세융기(microridge)들이 발달되어 있으며 glycocalyx가 관찰된다. 중간세포는 타원형에 가깝고 원형에 가까운 핵을 가진다. 기저세포는 원주형으로서 핵은 세포질의 상부에 위치한다. 점액세포는 타원형으로 세포질은 타원형의 분비과립이 대부분을 차지하며, AB-PAS (pH 2.5)에 청색으로 반응하였다. 곤봉상세포는 세포질에 많은 액포와 미세섬유다발을 관찰할 수 있다. 부속세포인 염세포 세포질의 대부분이 미토콘드리아로 가득 채워져 있다. 색소세포는 세포질에 전자밀도가 높은 색소과립들을 함유한 종류와 반사소판을 함유한 종류로 구분된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2005

Laboratory batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the Fenton degradation rates of phenanthrene. Fenton reactions for the degradation of phenanthrene were carried out with aqueous and slurry phase, to investigate the effects of sorption of phenanthrene onto solid phase. Various types of surfactants and electrolyte solutions were used to evaluate the effects on the phenanthrene degradation rates by Fenton's reaction. A maximum 90% removal of phenanthrene was achieved in aqueous phase with 0.9% of $H_2O_2$ and 300 mg/L of $Fe^{2+}$ at pH 3. In aqueous phase reaction, inhibitory effects of synthetic surfactants on the removal of phenanthrene were observed, implying that surfactant molecules acted as strong scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. However, use of $carboxymethyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin$ (CMCD), natural surfactant, showed a slight enhancement in the degradation of phenanthrene. It was considered that reactive radicals formed at ternary complex were located in close proximity to phenanthrene partitioned into CMCD cavities. It was also show that Fenton degradation of phenanthrene were greatly enhanced by addition of NaCl, indicating that potent radical ion ($OCI^-$) played an important role in the phenanthrene degradation, although chloride ion might be acted as scavenger of radicals at low concentrations. Phenanthrene in slurry phase was resistant to Fenton degradation. It might be due to the fact that free radicals were mostly reacting with dissolved species rather than with sorbed phenanthrene. Even though synthetic surfactants were added to increase the phenanthrene concentration in dissolved phase, low degradation efficiency was obtained because of the scavenging of radicals by surfactants molecules. However, use of CMCD in slurry phase, showed a slight enhancement in the phenanthrene degradation. As an alternative, use of Fenton reaction with CMCD could be considered to increase the degradation rates of phenanthrene desorbed from solid phase.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2012

Recently, the demand for the miniaturization of printed circuit boards has been increasing, as electronic devices have been sharply downsized. Conventional multi-layered PCBs are limited in terms their use with higher packaging densities. Therefore, a build-up process has been adopted as a new multi-layered PCB manufacturing process. In this process, via-holes are used to connect each conductive layer. After the connection of the interlayers created by electro copper plating, the via-holes are filled with a conductive paste. In this study, a desmear treatment, electroless plating and electroplating were carried out to investigate the optimum processing conditions for Cu via filling on a PCB. The desmear treatment involved swelling, etching, reduction, and an acid dip. A seed layer was formed on the via surface by electroless Cu plating. For Cu via filling, the electroplating of Cu from an acid sulfate bath containing typical additives such as PEG(polyethylene glycol), chloride ions, bis-(3-sodiumsulfopropyl disulfide) (SPS), and Janus Green B(JGB) was carried out. The desmear treatment clearly removes laser drilling residue and improves the surface roughness, which is necessary to ensure good adhesion of the Cu. A homogeneous and thick Cu seed layer was deposited on the samples after the desmear treatment. The 2,2'-Dipyridyl additive significantly improves the seed layer quality. SPS, PEG, and JGB additives are necessary to ensure defect-free bottom-up super filling.