• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1985

아치의 미소요소(微小要素)에 작용(作用)하는 합응력(合應力)들의 평형방정식(平衡方程式)과 D'Alembert의 원리(原理)를 이용(利用)하여 회전관성(回轉慣性)을 고려(考慮)한 포물선(抛物線)아치의 자유진동(自由振動)에 대한 미분방정식(微分方程式)을 유도(誘導)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 유도(誘導)한 미분방정식(微分方程式)을 검증(檢證)하기 위하여 포물선(抛物線)아치의 미분방정식(微分方程式)을 보의 미분방정식(微分方程式)으로 수렴(收斂)시킨 결과(結果), 포물선(抛物線)아치의 미분방정식(微分方程式)이 보의 미분방정식(微分方程式)으로 수렴(收斂)되는 것을 보였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 유도(誘導)한 미분방정식(微分方程式)을 시행착오적(試行錯誤的) 고유치문제(固有値問題)와 Runge-Kutta method를 이용(利用)하여 수치해석(數値解析)하였으며, 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 수치해석(數値解析) 결과(結果)와 SAP IV의 결과(結果)가 잘 일치(一致)함을 보였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.1215-1240
• /
• 2015

In this work, a novel simple first-order shear deformation plate theory based on neutral surface position is developed for bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded plates and supported by either Winkler or Pasternak elastic foundations. By dividing the transverse displacement into bending and shear parts, the number of unknowns and governing equations of the present theory is reduced, and hence, makes it simple to use. The governing equations are derived by employing the Hamilton's principle and the physical neutral surface concept. There is no stretching-bending coupling effect in the neutral surface-based formulation, and consequently, the governing equations and boundary conditions of functionally graded plates based on neutral surface have the simple forms as those of isotropic plates. Numerical results of present theory are compared with results of the traditional first-order and the other higher-order theories reported in the literature. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the static bending and free vibration behaviors of functionally graded plates.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 1996

A numerical method is presented to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the arbitrary tapered beams with static deflection due to arbitrary distributed dead loads. The differential equation governing free vibration of such beams is derived and solved numerically. The double integration method using the trapezoidal rule is used to solve the static behaviour of beams loaded arbitrary distributed dead load. Also, the Improved Euler method and the determinant search method are used to integrate the differential equation subjected to the boundary conditions and to determine the natural frequencies of the beams, respectively. In the numerical examples, the various geometries of the beams are considered : (1) linearly tapered beams as the arbitrary variable cross-section, (2) the triangular, sinusoidal and uniform loads as the arbitrary distributed dead loads and (3) the hinged-hinged, clamped-clamped and hinged-clamped ends as the end constraints. All numerical results are shown as the non-dimensional forms of the system parameters. The lowest three natural frequencies versus load parameter, slenderness ratio and section ratio are reported in figures. And for the comparison purpose, the typical mode shapes with and without the effects of static deflection are presented in the figure. According to the numerical results obtained in this analysis, the following conclusions may be drawn : (1) the natural frequencies increase when the effects of static deflections are included, (2) the effects are larger at the lower modes than the higher ones and (3) it should be betteF to include the effect of static deflection for calculating the frequencies when the beams are supported by both hinged ends or one hinged end.

• 대한조선학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1977

The major objects of this report are to supplement data of natural frequencies of thin elastic rectangular plates to the available data, and to give an experimental verification for natural frequencies obtained by Rayleigh-Ritz method, the generation set of which are eigenfunctions of Euler beams. For the first object the following five models, for which data only for the fundamental mode or data only for square plates are available, are adopted; (1) two opposed edges are clamped and the other two opposed edges simply supported (C-C, S-S), (2) one edge is simply supported and the other three edges clamped (C-C, C-S), (3) one edge is free and the other three edges clamped (C-C, C-F), (4) two adjacent edges are clamped and the other two adjacent edges free (C-F, C-F). For the (C-C, S-S) model the frequency equation obtained with the mode shapes assumed as of a single trigonometric series is solved. And for the other four models Rayleigh-Ritz method taking eigenfunctions of Euler beams as the generating set is applied. The numerical examples are obtained up to the fourth, the fifth or the sixth order depending on the range of the aspect ratio (0.1-10.0). The number of terms in the generating set for Rayleigh-Ritz method is fifteen for all models. For the experiment three models made of 3.2mm thickness mild steel plate for general structure use were prepared in following size; $300mm{\times}600mm,\;600mm{\times}600mm\;and\;900mm{\times}600mm$. Their boundary conditions are made to fit (C-C, C-F) condition. From the experiment mechanical impedance curves based on the frequency response method were obtained together with phase relation diagrams. The experimental data are resulted in good conformity to calculated values.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.72.1-72.1
• /
• 2014

In this study, we extrapolate a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) from an observed photospheric magnetic field to understand the three-dimensional (3D) coronal magnetic field producing a huge solar flare. The purpose of this study is to develop a NLFFF extrapolation code based on the so-called MHD relaxation method and check how accurately our model reconstructs a coronal field. Furthermore, we apply it to the photospheric magnetic field obtained by Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to reconstruct a 3D magnetic structure. We first investigate factors in controlling the accuracy of our NLFFF code by using a semi-analytical solution obtained by Low & Lou (1990). To extend a work done by Inoue et al. (2014), we apply various boundary conditions at the side and top boundaries in order to make our solution close to a realistic solution. As a consequence, our solution has a good accuracy when three components of a reference field are all fixed at the boundaries. Furthermore, it is also found that our solution is well matched to the Low & Lou solution in the central area of a simulation domain when the three components of a potential field are fixed at side and top boundaries (this approach is close to a realistic solution). Finally, we present the 3D coronal magnetic field producing an X 1.5-class flare in the active region 11166 through the extrapolation from SDO/HMI.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.451-458
• /
• 2010

한국항공우주연구원의 스크램제트 엔진 시험설비(이하 SETF)는 극초음속 추진기관 성능시험 설비로 일반 공력 풍동과 달리 엔진이 구동하는 비행 고도, 마하수에서의 엔탈피를 모사해야 한다. SETF는 불어내기 식으로 고압공기 공급원으로부터 공급된 고압 공기를 축열식 가열시스템으로 가열시킨 후 시험부에 장착된 노즐을 통과. 팽창하여 엔진 시험 조건을 모사하며, 공기 이젝터를 구동하여 고고도 조건과 설비 시동 조건을 구현한다. SETF의 시험부는 자유제트 형식으로 시험엔진 시작점을 노즐 출구면에 일치시킬 경우 비행체에서 발생되는 경계층과 엔진의 상호 작용을 파악할 수 있는 반면, 설비 시동 특성을 예측하기 힘들어 시험을 통한 설비 특성 파악이 필수적이다. 본 논문에는 SETF의 마하수 및 시험 모델 변화에 따른 시동 성능 그리고 시동 성능 개선을 위하여 수행된 이젝터 설계 변경 과정을 정리하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 고정과 자유 경계의 다양한 조합을 갖는 직사각형 복합적층판의 고유진동에하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수학적으로 완전한 특성직교다항식으로 표현되는 근사변위와 Ritz법을 이용하여 Lagrange 범함수의 정상값을 구하였다. 3차원 모델의 정확성이 무차원 진동수의 수렴도를 검토하여 이루어졌으며, 또한 기존 문헌상의 해석결과와의 비교를 통하여 진동수의 정확성을 검토하였다. 본 논문에서 제시된 3차원 진동수의 결과를 이용하여 복합적층판의 기하 및 재료에 관한 매개변수 즉, 형상비(${\mathcal{a/b}}$), 폭두께비(${\mathcal{a/h}}$), 재료의 직교이방성, 플라이 수(${\mathcal{N}}$), 섬유배향각(${\theta}$) 및 적층순서가 미치는 효과를 설명하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.373-385
• /
• 2019

In this article, different frequently adopted modeling aspects of linear and nonlinear dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) are studied on a pile-supported integral abutment bridge structure using the open-source platform OpenSees (McKenna et al. 2000, Mazzoni et al. 2007, McKenna and Fenves 2008) for a 2D domain. Analyzed approaches are as follows: (i) free field input at the base of fixed base bridge; (ii) SSI input at the base of fixed base bridge; (iii) SSI model with two dimensional quadrilateral soil elements interacting with bridge and incident input motion propagating upwards at model bottom boundary (with and without considering the effect of abutment backfill response); (iv) simplified SSI model by idealizing the interaction between structural and soil elements through nonlinear springs (with and without considering the effect of abutment backfill response). Salient conclusions of this paper include: (i) free-field motions may differ significantly from those computed at the base of the bridge foundations, thus put a significant bias on the inertial component of SSI; (ii) conventional modeling of SSI through series of soil springs and dashpot system seems to stay on the safer side under dynamic conditions when one considers the seismic actions on the structure by considering a fully coupled SSI model; (iii) consideration of abutment-backfill in the SSI model positively affects the general response of the bridge, as a result of large passive resistance that may develop behind the abutments.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2005

많은 장점에도 불구하고 유동함수를 이용한 수치해석용 격자생성 좌표변환기법의 단점은 저속영역에서의 격자간격이 고속영역에 비해 상대적으로 큼에 따라 수치적 처리에 많은 오차를 내포하고 있다는 점이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 저속영역에서의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 격자간격을 속도크기 및 영역에 따라 적절히 조절할 수 있도록 수학적으로 변형된 압축성 유동함수를 이용한 좌표변환기법을 제안하고 가스터빈엔진에 주로 적용되는 유동모델로서 동심원상 두개 이상의 난류제트혼합유동에 대해 적용하였으며 해당 실험치, 즉 축 방향 평균속도분포, 난류운동에너지, 그리고 난류전단응력분포와 비교하여 난류운동에너지가 약간 과소평가 된 대칭축을 제외한 혼합경계층 내에서 $3.5\%$ 이내의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 본 기법은 특히 터보팬엔진에 대한 내부흐름들의 혼합유동을 규명하거나 또는 난류전단응력에 의한 제트소음발생 및 저감방법을 도모하는데 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.296-304
• /
• 2021

Research on the development of marine renewable energy is actively in progress. Various studies are being conducted on the development of wave energy converters. In this study, a numerical analysis of wave-energy extraction performance was performed according to the body shape and scale of the sloped oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter (WEC), which can be connected with the breakwater. The sloped OWC WEC was modeled in the time domain using a two-dimensional fully nonlinear numerical wave tank. The nonlinear free surface condition in the chamber was derived to represent the pneumatic pressure owing to the wave column motion and viscous energy loss at the chamber entrance. The free surface elevations in the sloped chamber were calculated at various incident wave periods. For verification, the results were compared with the 1:20 scaled model test. The maximum wave energy extraction was estimated with a pneumatic damping coefficient. To calculate the energy extraction of the actual size WEC, OWC models approximately 20 times larger than the scale model were calculated, and the viscous damping coefficient according to each size was predicted and applied. It was verified that the energy, owing to the airflow in the chamber, increased as the incident wave period increased, and the maximum efficiency of energy extraction was approximately 40% of the incident wave energy. Under the given incident wave conditions, the maximum extractable wave power at a chamber length of 5 m and a skirt draft of 2 m was approximately 4.59 kW/m.