• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.641-650
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• 2010

The concrete cracking from the restrained stress caused by the shrinkage may play significant cause of deterioration of concrete structures by allowing the permeation of sulphate and chloride ions which in turn triggers corrosion of steel reinforcement. In particular, the cracking becomes more critical as water binder ratio (W/B) is reduced and concrete strength increases. Therefore, it needs to evaluate correctly the comprehensive shrinkage behavior of concrete with high strength: high-strength concrete (HSC), ultra-highstrength concrete (UHSC). The unrestrained shrinkage tests, however, cannot estimate the net shrinkage effectively which affects cracking after full development of strength and stiffness because it does not consider the degree of restraint, strength development, stress relaxation, and so on. Therefore, in this study, both free and restrained shrinkage tests with variables of W/B (W/B of 30, 25 and 16%) and admixtures (fly ash (FA) and granulated blast-furnace slag (BFS)) for HSC, very-high-strength concrete (VHSC) and UHSC were performed. The test results indicated that the autogenous shrinkage and total shrinkage at drying condition were reduced as W/B increased and FA, BFS were added, and the cracking behavior was suppressed as W/B increased and FA was added.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2005

중등도 이상의 치주염 환자에서 치은 열구액내의 MMPs 및 TIMP-1 과 치주염과의 연관성을 규명하고, 치주 수술이 MMPs 및 TIMP-1의 정량에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 하였다. 총 14명의 치주낭 깊이 6mm 이상의 중등도 이상의 치주 질환 이환자에서 치아를 선정하여, 치주낭 심도, 치은 지수(gingival index)를 측정하고, 치은의 조직학적 염증의 정도를 측정하기 위해, 해당 치아의 치주낭 연조직을 절취하여 H-E염색을 하고, 치은 절편에서 염증세포 침윤의 정도 및 분포를 비교하였다. Perio-paper를 이용하여 치은열구액을 얻고, pyrogen-free water에서 추출하였다. 채취한 치은 열구액에서 ELISA-kit를 이용하여 MMP-1, 8, 9, 13과 TIMP-1을 측정하여 수술 전과, 수술 후, 그리고 건강한 조직인 대조군을 비교하였으며, 통계처리는 Wilcoxon 검정을 사용하였다. 또한 MMPs 혹은 TIMP-1이 치주낭 심도나 치은지수등의 임상적 지표와 가지는 연관성을 Spearman's correlation coefficient를 이용하여 알아보았다. TIMP-1을 제외한 MMP-1, 8 ,9, 13 에서 수술 전보다 수술 후에 치은 열구액 내의 양이 현저하게 줄어든 것을 관찰할 수 있었으나, MMP-1(p=0.025), MMP-9(p=0.016) 와 MMP-13(p=0.009) 에서만 통계적으로 유의성있는 차이를 보였다. 한편 MMP-9 (p=0.011) 나 MMP-13(p=0.026) 은 건강한 대조군과 수술 전 사이에도 유의성있는 차이를 보였다. 연조직의 조직학적 관찰을 통하여 치은지수의 임상적 신뢰도를 평가한 결과 통계학적으로 유의한 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 치주 치료 전의 치주낭 심도와 치은지수와의 관계나, 수술 전과 수술 후의 치주낭 심도등의 변화도 통계적으로 유의성있는 결과를 보였다. 하지만 치주낭 심도나 치은지수등의 임상적 지표는 MMPs나 TIMP의 정량과는 별다른 연관성을 보이지 않았다. 이 실험의 결과로 보아 MMP-1, MMP-9나 MMP-13을 치주 수술 전과 수술 후의 치주염의 심도 변화를 반영할 수 있는 지표로 생각할 수 있으며, 특히 MMP-9와 MMP-13가 치주염과 가지는 연관성은 크다고 할 수 있겠다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

A total of twenty, 2-wk-old male broiler chickens were allotted into control diet(CON) or a diet supplemented with 1% ground grape seed(GGS). They had free access to feed and water for 3 wk. Growth performance and antioxidant markers in plasma, intestine and liver were determined. Dietary addition of 1% GGS did not affect weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and organ weight in 35 day-old broiler chickens significantly. There was no difference in plasma levels of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, AST, ALT and LDH activity. However, total antioxidant status(TAS) in blood increased(P<0.05) in chickens fed the diet supplemented with 1% GGS compared to those fed the control diet. In addition, the specific activity of intestinal superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased(P<0.05) in birds fed the diet supplemented with GGS. However, the activities of intestinal gluthathione peroxidase(GSHPx) and gluthathione -S- transferase(GST) and hepatic SOD, GSHPx and GST were not affected by the dietary GGS. The levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in the small intestine and liver were not different between the two groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1% GGS did not result in a negative effect on growth performance. In addition, some antioxidant indicators including blood TAS and intestinal SOD were markedly elevated in response to dietary GGS. Therefore, dietary addition of 1% GGS may be beneficial to improve antioxidant capacity in broiler chicken.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.293-304
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• 2013

Because the present groundwater law broadly regulates a simple and impractical guideline ignoring aquifer characters and geology, general purpose facilities for protection of groundwater contamination is still considered unsatisfactory to ensure groundwater resources. In recent, there have been growing attempts in the packer development as crucial techniques and devices for groundwater protection. This study investigated the application of packer grouting techniques to contaminated groundwaters of two well sites in the Andong and Yeongi areas, both of which revealed a satisfactory effect with improved water quality: 94% decrease in turbidity at the Andong area and 60% decrease in $NO_3$-N, respectively. Based on aquifer characters including geology, weathering depth, fracture pattern, hydraulic gradient, and the flow path of contaminants, the integrated properties of groundwater contamination should be evaluated and treated with the help of accurate analyses such as bore hole imaging and monitoring data. Packer grouting and casing on well to ensure the useful aquifer free of contaminant are expected to play important role in inhibiting the inflow of contaminants when adequately applied. Therefore it is concluded that these can serve as reliable tools in remediation and protection of contaminated groundwater as well as efficient utilization of groundwater.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.542-548
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• 2003

The present study was aimed to investigate whether glycyrrhizin, which is the major component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, has an antioxidant effect and regulatory effect on Na,K-ATPase in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) rats . It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical, are main pathophysiological factor in gentamicin-induced ARF. Glycyrrhizin showed potent in vitro antioxidant activity, especially superoxide scavenging activity, in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma lipid peroxide level was restored to normal level by oral administration of glycyrrhizin (200 mg/kg) in the gentamicin-induced ARF rats. The expression of Na,K-ATPase α1 subunit was restored in the gentamicin-induced ARF rats by administration of glycyrrhizin, whereas β1 subunit was not restored. The renal functional parameters including urine volume, cleatinine clearance, urine osmolality, solute-free water reabroption were also partially restored in gentamicin-ARF rats by administration of glycyrrhizin. Taken together, the amelioration of renal functions and the expression of sodium pump by administration of glycyrrhizin in the gentamicin-induced ARF was appear to be mediated by the scavenging of ROS.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1992

Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba commonly found in moist soil and fresh water, enters the body via the nasal mucosa and migrates along the olfactory nerve to t he brain, where it causes acute amoebic meningoencephalitis. In the present study 7 clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against N. fowleri were produced and the effector function of them was investigated. Their isotopes were IgGl (Nf 1, Nf 154), 19G3 (Nf 137) and 19A (Nf 1, Nf 2, Nf 256, Nf 279). Five McAbs (McAb Nf 2, Nf 279, Nf 27, Nf 154, Nf 137) were specific for N. fowleri by ELISA and recognized the antigenic determinants located on the trophoBoite surface by IFAT and immunoperoxidase stain. These aye McAbs had capacity to agglutinate N. fowleri trophozoites and inhibited the growth of the amoeba in culture medium. McAb Nf 2 inhibited proliferation of trophozoites in vitro significantly. Also the cytotoxicity of JV. fowleri against CHO cell was reduced in the presence of McAb Nf 2 and McAb Nf 154. From these results McAb Nf 2 was confirmed to weaken the virulence of the amoeba among 7 screened McAbs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.597-603
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• 2016

This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Gastrodia elata (GE) in an HCl/ethanol induced acute gastritis model by differing the steaming time. The samples GE1 (GE by steaming for 1 time) and GE9 (GE by steaming for 9 times), were selected based on the results of HPLC analysis, free radical scavenging activities, and total phenol and flavonoid contents. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of GE, ICR mice were divided into 5 groups; normal mice (Nor), gastritic mice with distilled water (Con), gastritic mice with 100 mg/kg GE1, gastritic mice with 100 mg/kg GE9 and gastritic mice with 10 mg/kg sucralfate (SC). HCl/ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury was markedly improved by GE9 treatment as observed during histological evaluation. The increased reactive oxygen species levels in the serum were diminished by GE9 treatment. Furthermore, peroxynitrite levels of the stomach tissue were decreased in the GE9-treated group. The analyses of stomach proteins indicated that GE9 treatment effectively reduced inflammatory cytokine levels as compared to that by GE1 treatment. These results suggest that GE9 improves health during acute gastritis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1723-1727
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• 2008

Chlorella sp. CMS-1 strain was isolated from the outdoors cultivation pools in Culmansa Co., Ltd. This strain was found to be a rounded type of 3 ${\mu}m$. Phylogenetic analysis by the 18S rRNA sequencing using isolated strain is most similar to Chlorella sp. IFRPD 1018 gene at the level of nucleotide sequence identity at 99%. Accordingly, the isolated Chlorella strain was named as Chlorella sp. CMS-1 based on its morphological and phylogenetic properties. The concentrations of crude protein and fat were 59% and 0.01%, respectively. Major compositional amino acids (mg%) were glutamic acid 6.21, alanine 5.76, aspartic acid 5.44%, glycine 4.29%, and threonine 3.09% and major free amino acids (mg%) were ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 7.13%, L-alanine 1.44%, L-glutamic acid 0.90, L-leucine 0.26% and L-glycine 0.20%. The concentrations of major minerals were P 2.25%, K 2.25%, Na 1.09%, Mg 0.63%, and Ca 0.28%.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 2013

This study investigated the microbiological contamination of tomato in cultivation and distribution stage. Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogens examined in tomato extracts (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0%) and incubation temperatures (5, 15, 25, and $35^{\circ}C$). In cultivation stage of tomato, total aerobic bacteria were 7.77 log CFU/g in gloves of APC (Agricultural Products Processing Center) worker and Bacillus cereus were 0.33 log CFU/g at nutrient tank, respectively. And Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., were not detected. After APC stage, total aerobic bacteria were significantly higher compared with before-APC stage. Among of general, pesticide-free and organic produce in tomato were no significant difference in microbial contamination. Coliforms of tomato in small vinyl package were significantly higher when compared to tomato in whole boxes package. There was no significant difference in bacteria count between unwashed tomato and washed tomato using tap water for one minute. The growth of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogens in tomato extracts were decreased significantly as the concentration increased, and the microbial population was reached the lowest point during storage in 10% tomato extracts concentration for 72h at $5^{\circ}C$. However, the population of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogens were gradually increased at 7.33~8.51 and 7.73~8.60 log CFU/ml during storage at $15{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ for 72h, respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2013

We evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of Isaria tenuipes in diabetes mellitus type 2. For the experiments, the diabetic animal model OLETF rats were divided to 4 groups: Isaria tenuipes was administered mixed with the high fat diet 45% at dose levels of 0.0%, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 5.0% for 4 weeks. All animals have free access to water and high fat diet 45%. The diabetic clinical markers, including clinical signs, body weight and food intake, organ weights, blood glucose level, insulin level and HOMA-IR index, oral glucose tolerance test, GLUT4 mRNA and protein were measured at a time. After administration for 4 weeks, the blood glucose levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index of test groups were decreased compared with control group in dose-dependent manner. The body weight and diet consumptions were reduced in control group at 4 weeks. The treatments of Isaria tenuipes also showed high expression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein in the muscle of OLETF rats. The results suggest that Isaria tenuipes has anti-hyperglycemic effect attenuating blood glucose in the animal model of type 2 diabetes and might be useful as a functional diet for human diabetic diseases.