• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2022

전세계적으로 서비스산업의 진전이 본격화되는 가운데 글로벌 무역에서 서비스가 차지하는 위상과 비중 역시 점차 높아지고 있다. 안정적이고 공정한 국제무역은 견고한 국제통상규범 위에 실현 가능한바 GATS 출범 이후 정체기에 있던 서비스무역규범에 관한 다자간 논의가 최근 상당한 성과를 보이고 있다. 서비스무역규범의 주요 이슈는 결국 서비스 자유무역에 영향을 미치는 회원국들의 다양한 서비스무역장벽이다. 최근 타결된 WTO의 「서비스 국내규제에 관한 복수국간 협상」은 면허, 자격요건, 기술표준 등 서비스무역과 관련된 개별국 차원의 국내 조치가 무역장벽이 되지 않도록 통일된 규범을 마련했다는데 의의가 있다. 이에 본고는 서비스무역규범의 적용 대상인 서비스무역장벽의 형태와 실태를 검토하고, 이를 완화하기 위한 노력으로써 최근까지의 다자간 서비스무역규범 논의 동향의 고찰을 통해 앞으로 지속적인 논의가 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.315-330
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• 2020

WTO설립과 FTA협정의 증가로 관세는 낮아지고 있으나 무역구제조치와 무역기술장벽(TBT), 위생검역(SPS), 통관규제 등의 비관세조치들이 무역장벽이 되어 자유무역을 제한하고 있다. 수출주도 경제성장을 이룬 우리나라는 증가하는 비관세조치들에 대하여 대응방안을 제시하여야 한다. 비관세조치들은 복잡하고 국가마다 적용되는 것이 다르므로 유형별, 산업별, 국가별로 맞춤형 대응방안을 제시하여야한다. 이를 위해 비관세조치DB를 구축하여야한다. 이런 비관세조치들을 수집하고 분석하여 대응방안을 제시하기 위해서는 정부 산하의 전담조직이 반드시 필요하다. 그리고 비관세조치에 대한 상대국 간의 협의 등과 WTO위원회에서 활동이 중요하다. 또한 비관세조치에 관한 역량과 전문성을 가진 전문 인력 양성이 필요하다. 기존의 연구가 각 국가의 비관세조치현황을 토대로 한 연구나 국제기구의 보고서 등을 통하여 분석하였기 때문에 조치유형의 식별과 국가 간 비교분석에 한계가 있었다. 그러므로 본고는 규제의 식별과 국가 간 비교가 가능한 WTO I-TIP의 비관세조치DB를 바탕으로 분석하였다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

Korea is one of active countries in terms of FTA(Free Trade Agreement) around the globe. Local market is not big enough for Korean companies. This is why Korea is actively participating in FTA with various countries. Individual companies should conform to regulation, policy and system relevant to the agreement. Otherwise, it is not easy for companies to enjoy benefits of FTA. The Korean government is using various FTA programs to support domestic companies, in particular SMEs(Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises). FTA-PASS is a representative program. FTA-PASS is an official program of Korea Customs Service. Korean companies can use the program as free. However, some companies may have difficulties regarding the use of FTA-PASS. The program may cause of compatibility problem related their own ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) systems. This study is designed to analyze determinants of FTA-PASS and ERP system compatibility. Furthermore this study aims to examine effects of the system compatibility on export performances. This study collected data from Koreas SMEs. In specific, the primary data was based on surveys distributed to 303 SMEs. Based on empirical findings, we could get important determinants to improve compatibility between FTA-PASS and ERP systems. For instance, the government support, product standardization, HS Code clearness and market stability could be considered important determinants. Also, according to empirical findings, a positive relationship between system compatibility an export performance was supported. Analyzing comprehensive determinants of system compatibility can be suggested as an important topic for future research.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제42권
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• pp.337-364
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• 2009

Trade remedy is the system that additional duty or import quantity restriction would be imposed on the import products, in case that unfair imports damage domestic industry or even proper import products damage significantly domestic industry. The system is secured by the act of unfair trade practice investigation & industrial damage remedy, tariff act, WTO agreement. Anti-dumping duty act is the system that duties are assessed with the equal or less amount of the difference between normal transaction price and dumping price, in case that the product imported under dumping price causes or may cause damages in domestic industry, or the development of domestic industry should be delayed practically. Recently, the problems related with anti-dumping duty imposed as the part of the trade remedy occur frequently. It is necessary to discuss whether the anti-dumping duty act is practically trade remedy which does comply with GATT regulations and WTO agreements as the criteria of international law and is in line with the intent of domestic act in the suffered country, or it does return to protective trade or reduce the protection of consumer. On the basis of this discussion, it would be difficult to impose the antidumping duty on industrial products in order to protect domestic industry, when considering the expected free trade agreements of Korea-US, Korea-China and Korea-Japan. In order to survive under the current severe competition of world trade market, companies should raise the competitiveness by themselves without relying on the current trade acts to provide with a certain protection. This thesis should bring those attentions.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2011

China's proposal of the CAFTA (China-ASEAN Free Trade Area) in 2001 prompted a great debate about whether China was a trade competitor of ASEAN, given their similarity in economic development levels and trade/export structures. That Beijing shifted its focus on economic cooperation from the international level to the regional level led to its proposal of the CAFTA. As the Framework Agreement (Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN) showed, Beijing's careful consideration for four newer ASEAN members (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam) intended not only to help all ASEAN members develop economically, but also to narrow the economic gap existing between them and the six old ASEAN members; in return, China was recognized as a full market economy, which it is not currently recognized within the framework of the WTO. The substantial rise in bilateral trade and the structural changes of the trade in goods between China and ASEAN member nations after 2001 proves that ASEAN benefited more from the CAFTA, particularly when the areas where ASEAN had the comparative advantages were designated as the priority cooperation areas between China and ASEAN. In sum, similarities existing in economic development levels and industrial structures between China and ASEAN made them natural economic competitors. However, closer studies of trade in goods of S1-7, S1-6 and S1-0 reveal that China acted as an increasingly complementary trade partner of ASEAN after 2001.

• 정보학연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.159-176
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• 2005

The Purpose of this Article is to analyze the special settlement and electronic settlement system in the international trade. First, Factoring is a fast, easy and flexible way to improve a company's cash flow and generate working capital for the company. Factoring can be short-term or part of an ongoing financing program. New companies can benefit as well, since there is no requirement for a long-term credit history. Second, Forfaiting is a method of trade financing that allows exporters to obtain cash and be free of all risks by selling their medium term receivables on a 'without recourse' basis. Forfaiting can be an alternative to export credit or insurance cover, especially for those transactions in which the export credit agency is not open to a particular country and/or bank. Third, The Bolero System is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Fourth, TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of crdeit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.66-86
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper describes the use of trade preferences under the EU-Korea free trade agreement (FTA) and empirically examines potential reasons for the less than full use, using data on daily EU imports from Korea at the product level. Design/methodology - We employ a probit model to analyse the relationship between the use of trade preferences on the one hand and variables such as potential duty savings, rules of origin and the characteristics of the good traded (intermediate input or final product) on the other. Findings - The paper finds that EU imports from Korea make good use of trade preferences with an overall preference utilisation rate of close to 90% in 2016, which is up from about 80% in 2012. It further shows that potential duty savings influence preference utilisation positively and that more than one quarter of the observations in our sample made use of preferences under EU-Korea FTA in 2012, despite duty savings standing at €10 or less. Originality/value - The finding that a non-negligible share of observations use preferences even when the duty savings are low has not yet figured in the literature. We further show how preference utilisation rates differ by importing EU Member State and by section of the Harmonised System and estimate the marginal impact of an increase in potential duty savings on the preference utilisation rate by broad product group, which is novel.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.299-312
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze Trade Structure after Korea and Colombia FTA, and identify its problems and suggest measures that can be taken by the government and corporations to reinforce economic cooperation. Design/methodology/approach - To improve the level of contribution of the study, an empirical analysis is necessary. However, due to limited data access, the study will approach the topic of trade relations between Korea and Colombia with various statistics and literature. Findings - First, there is an urgent need for changes in import-export goods between Korea and Colombia, as trade is focused on specific items. Second, although foreign direct investment from Korea to the Colombia is centered in manufacturing and wholesale & retail, there should be different investment strategies by industries. Third, it is necessary to reinforce commercial cooperation. Research implications or Originality - The Free Trade Agreement between Korea and Colombia entered into force in 2016. Under the agreement, both countries will eliminated all tariffs within ten years after it takes effect. Reinforcing economic cooperation with Colombia is extremely important for Korea in terms of entering and dominating Colombian market. However, there is still a lack of research on the Colombia, and corporations that aim to enter Colombian market face difficulties due to lack of information. This study analyzes the recent trends of problems of trade between Korea and Colombia and suggests solutions for boosting trade to provide proper strategic guidelines for Korea that are planning to expand to Colombian market.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

Purpose - The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) among 16 countries including South Korea, the largest free trade agreement in the Asia-Pacific region, will be concluded next year. The participating countries decided to pursue a comprehensive and high -quality agreement, while ensuring flexibility considering development level of each country. In this study, trade structures between nations from 2005 through 2016 were examined to see the impact that this agreement will have on Korea and to come up with effective countermeasures. Research design, data, and methodology - The method of analysis includes the analysis of the trade matrix, which is useful for identifying the dependency of the individual countries on the market in the region and the reciprocal dependency of the member countries on the market, and the index of intensity of trade, which is useful for figuring out the share of trade between the parties in total trade. Results - The results showed that first, the international trade coefficients of Vietnam and Philippines are higher than those of China and Japan. Secondly, the international inducement coefficients between China and Japan were high, and that between Indonesia and Burma were low, indicating that Korea's exports did not have much effect on export increase of these countries. Third, as a result of analyzing Korea's trade intensity, it was found that export intensity and import intensity were greater than 1 in Vietnam and Philippines, which shows that there is a high degree of relational bond with these countries. India and Laos countries still have a low level of relational bond, which indicates that there is room for improvement in economic relations when the agreement is concluded. After the signing of the agreement in the future, more diverse industrial structures should be continuously studied. Conclusions - The analysis of trade matrix, trade structure, trade inducement coefficient and trade intensity between Korea and RCEP participating countries shows that the majority of the countries have the high level of economic relationship with Korea. Korea should drive a harder bargain when negotiating the terms of the RCEP, in comparison with the level of the existing FTA agreement excluding Japan.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-67
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• 2006

The study is aimed to analyze the influence of FTA(Free Trade Agreement) between Korea and Japan on tourism and to suggest ways to increase tourists exchange between them by considering countermeasures of Korea's tourism based on the analysis and deriving political significance. The results of the study showed that the expected effects of FTA between Korea and Japan on tourism would overall be positive. There would be increases in employment and a higher rate of foreign-exchange earning, which plays a critical role in the cash flow. Therefore the government is required to prepare for several political measures as follows. First, ways to promote investment in tourism have to be established in a systematic way for FTA. Second, restructuring of tourism has to be considered seriously for tourism to be a high value-added industry after FTA. Third, the tourism information industry needs to be included in the tourism promotion act to promote e-tourism using information technology. In addition to this, an expansive cluster strategy needs to be developed, which relates tourism to other industries like culture and movies and to find ways to re-locate and re-educate manpower currently engaged in the tourism industry. Though the study investigated the influence of FTA on tourism through a practical analysis, it was restricted only to Korea. So the influence of FTA between Korea and Japan on the tourism of Japan should be included in further study. Furthermore, in subsequent studies the CGE(Computable General Equilibrium) model will be applied for objective analysis of the effects. Or measuring the ripple effect with multinational inter-industry relation table will be made for the study to make practical contributions to the development of government policy.