• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.209-219
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• 1996

This study examined the effect of alcohol(AL) and/or paraquat(PQ) on serum TSH, thyroid hormones and enzyme activities, and the protective effect of selenium(SE) againse alcohol and/or paraquat-induced thyroid toxicity in guinea pigs. The experomental group consisted of control, 15% alcohol(AL), 4ppm sodium selentite(SE), 200ppm paraquat(PQ), AL+PQ, AL+SE, PQ+SE and AL+PQ+SE mixed in drinking water-fed guinea pigs for 4 weeks. The morphological changes of thyroid gland were studies on paraffin-embedded sections stained with H-E stain. Body weight losses, high serum concentration in TSH and cholesterol, and low values on triiodothyronine($T_3$), thyrozine($T_4$), free $T_4$ and alkaline phosophatase(ALP) were produced in the groups fed AL and/or PQ. We also noted that AL+PQ-fed group was marked increase in serum TSH. In AL or AL+PQ-fed groups when cpmpared to control group had increased the ratio of thyroid weight to body weight(ratio Twt/Bwt), whereas the ratio Twt/Bwt was decresed in SE or PQ-fed groups. However, the serum TSH, $T_3$,$T_4$ free $T_4$ and cholesterol values, and the ratio Twt/Bwt were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL and/or Pq-fed groups, also ALP values were reversed in groups given the combination of SE, compared with AL or AL+PQ-fed groups. In microscope, morphological changes showed a remarkable between the AL or PQ-fed group and controls. In AL+PQ+SE-fed guinca pig, follicular colloid is high density in thyroid follicle and increased in connective tissue around the thyroid cells, and thyroidal epithelia were composed of cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The indicated that the morphological changes of thyroid were direct action in the thyroid cell. The results of this study confirmed that the toxic effect of AL or PQ on thyroid occur independently of changes in liver function, and that SE confers marked protection against AL or PQ-induced thyroid toxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Urological Oncology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2018

Purpose: We compared subtypes of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC; types 1 and 2) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in patients with T1-stage RCC to analyze the impact of the subtype on oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: This paper reviewed 75 patients with pRCC and 252 patients with ccRCC at T1-stage from 1998-2012. Thus, we assessed the impact of subtype on oncologic outcomes among patients with T1-stage RCC. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to estimate the overall survival and recurrence-free survival The median follow-up duration was 95 months (interquartile range, 75.4-119.3 months). Results: The 5-year recurrence-free survivals of pRCC and ccRCC were 95.4% and 97.6%, respectively. pRCC is worse than ccRCC in terms of recurrence-free survival (p=0.008) and there was no significant difference in the overall survival between pRCC and ccRCC (p=0.32). In addition, there was no significant statistical difference between type 1 pRCC and type 2 pRCC in terms of either recurrence-free survival (p=0.526) or overall survival (p=0.701). Age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.069; p<0.001) and recurrence (HR, 4.93; p<0.001) were predictors of overall survival. Only tumor size (HR, 1.071; p=0.004) was predictors in the case of cancer specific survival in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Among patients with T1-stage RCC, recurrence after surgery was more common in pRCC than ccRCC. The subtype of pRCC (types 1 and 2) had no impact on the recurrence-free survival or overall survival.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.767-774
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• 2012

For a positive square-free integer $d$, let $t_d$ and $u_d$ be positive integers such that ${\epsilon}_d=\frac{t_d+u_d{\sqrt{d}}}{\sigma}$ is the fundamental unit of the real quadratic field $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$, where ${\sigma}=2$ if $d{\equiv}1$ (mod 4) and ${\sigma}=1$ otherwise For a given positive integer $l$ and a palindromic sequence of positive integers $a_1$, ${\ldots}$, $a_{l-1}$, we define the set $S(l;a_1,{\ldots},a_{l-1})$ := {$d{\in}\mathbb{Z}|d$ > 0, $\sqrt{d}=[a_0,\overline{a_1,{\ldots},2a_0}]$}. We prove that $u_d$ < $d$ for all square-free integer $d{\in}S(l;a_1,{\ldots},a_{l-1})$ with one possible exception and apply it to Ankeny-Artin-Chowla conjecture and Mordell conjecture.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.815-818
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• 2010

Free base meso-tetraarylporphyrins ($H_2T(X)PP$) react with tellurium(IV) chloride ($TeCl_4$) in mild conditions for formation sandwich intermediate sitting-atop (i-SAT) complexes, [$TeCl_4(H_2T(X)PP)_2$]. $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, UV-vis, FT-IR and elemental analysis were used for characterization of the products. In the proposed structure of the i-SAT complexes, four pyrroles of each porphyrin ring are tilted alternatively up and down and this appropriates suitable orientation of lone pairs of two pyrrolenine nitrogens for electron donation to a tellurium center. $^1H$ NMR and FT-IR results showed that in the produced complex, hydrogen atoms of porphyrin macrocycles remained on the pyrrole nitrogens.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1990

Retrospective analyses were done of 48 patients with early glottic cancer, 31 with T1NOMO and 17 with T2NOMO, who received radiation therapy from March 1979 to August 1984 at Seoul National University Hospital with the prescribed full dosage. The median follow-up period was 67 months (range: 34 months$\~$126 months), and the percent follow-up for longer than five years was $85.4\%$ The five-year actuarial overall and recurrence-free survival rates of the whole patient group were $83.2\%\;and\;69.4\%$, respectively. The five-year actuarial overall and recurrence-free survival rates of the T1 group were $87.1\%\;and\;76.0\%$, and those of the T2 group were $76.5\%\;and\;58.2\%$, respectively. Possible causes of the failures to radiation therapy, the dose-response relationship, association with the second malignant tumors, and some recommendations for better treatment outcome are analyzed and discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2101-2107
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• 2012

Treatment responses of $N_0$ stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma were firstly analyzed comprehensively to evaluate long term outcomes of patients and identify prognostic factors. A total of 610 patients with $N_0$ NPC, undergoing definitive radiotherapy to their primary lesion and prophylactic radiation to upper neck, were reviewed retrospectively. Concomitant chemotherapy was administrated to 65 out of the 610. Survival rates of the patients were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Prognostic factors were identified by the Cox regression model. The study revealed the 5-year and 10-year overall, disease-free, disease-specific, local failure-free, regional failure-free, locoregional failure-free and distant metastasis-free survival rates to be 78.7% and 66.8%, 68.8% and 55.8%, 79.9% and 70.4%, 81.2% and 72.5%, 95.8% and 91.8%, 78.3% and 68.5%, 88.5% and 85.5%, respectively. There were 192 patients experiencing failure (31.5%) after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Of these, local recurrence, regional relapse and distant metastases as the first event of failure occurred in 100 (100/610, 16.4%), 15(15/610, 2.5%) and 52 (52/610, 8.5%), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage was the only independent prognostic factor for patients with $N_0$ NPC (P=0.000). Late T stage (P=0.000), male (P=0.039) and anemia (P=0.007) were independently unfavorable factors predicting disease-free survival. After treatment, satisfactory outcome wasgenerally achieved in patients with $N_0$ NPC. Local recurrence represented the predominant mode of treatment failure, while T stage was the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Late T stage, male gender, and anemia independently predicted lower possibility of the disease-free survival.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 2007

Objective : This study was to elucidate the effects of Hyunsamkabhangbang (HSK) on the hyperthyroidism induced by sodium levothyroxine. Method : Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups. Except the normal group, the other four groups were treated with sodium levothyroxine 160${\mu}g/kg/day$ for 5 days by oral administration. Among the four groups, all except one (as control) were treated with various concentrations of HSK (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg/days) for 3 days separately. T3-uptake, T3, T4, TSH, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, glucose, ALP, AST, ALT change in the serum and body weight of rats were measured after medication of solid extract of HSK. Results : HSK decreased significantly serum T3, T4, T3-uptake, ALP, free fatty acid and glucose level in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. HSK increased significantly serum TSH and total cholesterol level and body weight in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. HSK also increased serum ${\beta}$-lipoprotein level compared with control, but not statistically meaningfully. HSK increased significantly serum AST and ALT level compared with control, but relationship to hyperthyroidism is not found. Conclusions : From these results, it could be concluded that HSK lowers excess thyroid hormone and increased metabolism, resulting in improvement of hyperthyroid state.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1325-1329
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• 2003

The preventive effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts (SMEs) on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) was studied in rats. We measured body weight and bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX or SMEs-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, a porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham rats and in SMEs-administered rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats decreased by 50% from those in sham rats, these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of SMEs for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of SMEs for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free T3 was normal in all cases, whereas free T4 was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and SMEs-administered rats in T3 level, we have found significant difference between them in T4 level. These results strongly suggest that SMEs are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2005

Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix root extracts (SMR) was evaluated for inhibition of the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in rats. We measured body weight and bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX and SMR-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham rats and in SMR-administered rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats were decreased by $50\%$ from those in sham rats, and these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of SMR for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of SMR for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free $T_3$ was normal in all cases, whereas free $T_4$ was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and SMR-administered rat in $T_3$ levels, we have found significant difference between them in $T_4$ level. These results strongly suggest that SMR may be beneficial for preventing bone loss in OVX rats.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.173-179
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• 1988

Since 1931, sporadic reports have appeared noting an apparent association between hyperthyroidism and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Recent various studies suggested that these two diseases may share a similar immunologic background, but the the exact mechanism is still a matter of speculation. This 22-year old female patient visisted this hospital because of general weakness and purpura of legs for 2 months. The laboratory findings were compatible with Graves' disease associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The palatclet count was 16000/$mm^3$, hemoglobulin was 10.9g/dl and MCV was 60.1tL. T3 was 490.53ng/dL, T4 was 24ug/dL and free T4 was 5.66ng/dL. Antiplatelet antibody and anti-microsomal antibody were positive. The bone marrow findings were compatible with tron deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The thyroid biopsy showed adenomatous goiter. She was administered with propyl thiouracil, Beta-blocker, iron and prednisolon. On the 10th hospital day, platelet count was 184000/$mm^3$, hemoglobulin was 12.0gm/dL and MCV was 67.5fL. On the 20th hospital day, T4 was 10.35ug/dL and free T4 was 2.30ng/dL. Therefore she was discharged and followed up.