• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.469-485
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between time required for each step in the treatment process for pedodontic patients. and age of the patients, and experience of special training for pedodontics and career of dental practitioners. Information of these matters was gained from 580 questionnaires collected from 69 practitioners (62 male and 7 female). The questionnaires included questions about the patients' sex(303 male and 207 female) and age. The patients were categorized into 5 different age groups : Group 1, age $1{\sim}3$-year ; Group 2, $4{\sim}6$-year ; Group 3, $7{\sim}9$-year ; Group 4, $10{\sim}12$-year ; Group 5, $13{\sim}15$-year. The questions about the dental practitioners were the years of experience in private dental practice(5 years or more than 5 years) and whether or not they took the special training for pedodontics in the authorized institutes. The practitioners were asked to answer the questions about Frankl scale of the patients' behavior during the treatment, and time spent for managing the patients to be subjected to local anesthetic injection (the first behavior control), time for the injection, and time for the subsequent treatment. The results obtained by analyzing the information collected from the questionnaires were as follows : 1. The younger the patients, the lower the Frankl scale was counted at the time of the first behavior control, injection, and the subsequent treatment(p<0.001). 2. The lowest Frankl scale was scored during the injection regardless of the age of the patients. 3. Time for management and treatment was decreased in the order of age Groups 1 and 2< Group 3 < Groups 4 and 5. 4. The patients showed a more positive frankl scale in response to the treatment performed by those who were more-experienced in dental practice as compared with those were less-experienced. 5. Pedodontic training experience of the practitioners did not appear to influence the patients with respect to the treatment time and Frankl scale.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.846-851
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 Bowen의 분화이론과 Frankl의 의미요법의 적용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 의미요법은 Bowen이론의 한계를 보완해 준다. 또한 의미요법이 적용된 자아분화 이론은 내담자들에게 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국수학교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수학교육학회 1996년도 국제 수학 영재교육 세미나 전국 수학 교육 연구 발표회 프로시딩
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• pp.3-4
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• 1996

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.329-339
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to consider of meaning in life based on Frankl's theory and to propose of hospice nursing according to conceptual framework of meaning in life. The conceptual framework of meaning in life is composed of 4 phases. According to the first phase, acceptance & awareness of self and life, hospice nurse should helps dying patient to accept limitedness of human existence and death. and according to the second phase, actualization of creative value, hospice nurse can helps dying patient to discover meaning in life through doing a deed for last time before his death. According to the third phase, actualization of experiential value, hospice nurse can helps them to discovery of meaning by experiencing of love through meetings with other people, nature, and god. According to the forth phase, actualization of attitudinal value, hospice nurse can helps them to discovery of meaning by realizing meaning in suffering and death through exercising of the inner freedom to choose bravery and acceptance in the face of death and misfortune. As mentioned above, the Frankl's theory accords with the core of hospice nursing that helps people to accomplish human essence in suffering and death. therefore we accepted Frankl's point of view, asserted that one of the most important roles of a hospice nurse as a supporter and sustainer for dying patients is to help patients to find meaning in life even in the course of death. To achieve the goal, hospice nurses should try to have a firm faith through philosophical introspection about life, death, human existence and meaning in life what the most important goal of life is to discover meaning in life and human have the duty and responsibility of recognizing and pursuing meaning up to the last moment of life.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

Background: An inability to cope with threatening dental stimuli, i.e., sight, sound, and sensation of airotor, manifests as anxiety and behavioral management problems. Behavior modification techniques involving pre-exposure to dental equipment will give children a first-hand experience of their use, sounds, and clinical effects. The aim of this study was to compare the techniques of Tell-Show-Play-doh, a smartphone dentist game, and a conventional Tell-Show-Do method in the behavior modification of anxious children in the dental operatory. Methods: Sixty children in the age group of 4-8 years, with Frankl's behavior rating score of 2 or 3, requiring Class I and II cavity restorations were divided into three groups. The groups were Group 1: Tell-Show-Play-doh; Group 2: smartphone dentist game; and Group 3: Tell-Show-Do technique and each group comprised of 20 children. Pulse rate, Facial Image Scale (FIS), Frankl's behavior rating scale, and FLACC (Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability) behavior scales were used to quantify anxious behavior. Operator compliance was recorded through a validated questionnaire. Results: The results showed lower mean pulse rates, lower FIS and FLACC scores, higher percentage of children with Frankl's behavior rating score of 4, and better operator compliance in both the Tell-Show-Play-doh and smartphone dentist game groups than in the conventional Tell-Show-Do group. Conclusion: The Tell-Show-Play-doh and smartphone dentist game techniques are effective tools to reduce dental anxiety in pediatric patients.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2020

Historically, rhythm has played a key role not only in musical composition, but also in architectural design. In 1893, architectural theorist and art scholar August Schmarsow, in "The Essence of Architectural Creation," created a new definition of architecture as space-creation and characterized rhythm as a design principle. However, this new idea was confronted by Heinrich Wölfflin. While Schmarsow's theory represents a dynamic world-view based on anthropomorphism, the architectural theory of Wölfflin is based on the notion of harmony, displaying a kind of conservative stasis. These two main streams have greatly influenced the development of modern architecture. The concept of space has prevailed in the discourse of modern architecture, but the principle of rhythm has seldom received any positive recognition. This article introduces and develops the concept of rhythm and disputes whether Behrens and Frankl in particular, two who dispute Schmarsow's theories, have used the concept of rhythm in terms of space. I conclude that they could not overcome the notion of the physical-the body-, thus their use of the term rhythm is incongruous with the notion of space. The idea of rhythm in architectural creation remains an up and coming idea.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2020

본 연구는 대학생을 위한 의미요법 자서전쓰기 프로그램의 타당성을 융합적으로 평가하기 위해 시행되었다. 프로그램은 Frankl의 의미요법과 우울한 중년 여성들을 위한 의미요법 자서전쓰기 프로그램을 기본으로 하여 개발되었다. 개발된 프로그램을 세 명의 정신건강간호사가 양적인 내용타당성 검사를 실시하였고 피드백 받은 내용을 수정하여 최종 90분짜리 6회기 프로그램을 확정하였다. 프로그램에 참여한 대학생 11명을 대상으로 포커스 집단 면접을 하여 참여 후 느낀 점을 자유롭게 말하도록 한 뒤 질적 자료를 내용분석하여 프로그램의 타당성을 질적으로 평가하였다. 질적 자료를 회기별로 내용분석한 결과 총 9개의 주제와 20개의 하위주제가 도출되었다. 주제명은 존재의 발견, 존재의 유일성, 나의 미래를 생각함, 참만남 경험, 나의 유일성, 성공적 대처경험, 태도 선택의 자유 인식, 자기초월의 필요성, 나의 존재 발견이었다. 주제명은 모두 각 회기의 목적과 일치하는 것으로 평가되었다. 추후 실험연구를 통해 의미요법 자서전 쓰기가 대학생의 정신건강에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 효과를 확인할 필요가 있다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.525-532
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• 1994

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the effect of Dental Electronic Anesthesia on pain inhibition for clinical use. The subject for this study were 30 children whose Frankl behavioral rate is positive. The subjects was divided into two groups, the first group described by control group and the second group described by experimental group anesthetized with Dental Electronic Anesthetic device. And then three kind of treatments were done : extraction of deciduous teeth, application of rubber dam, cavity preparation for preventive resin restoration. 3M Dental Electronic Anesthesia System was used for this study : its electric impulse stimulate the skin surface by external electrode pads. The results were as follows. 1. Degree of the pain & the apprehension decreased in experimental group. 2. Degree of the pain & the apprehension showed statistical differences among three treatments procedures in the control group but, not showed statistical differences in the experimental group.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.925-930
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to know whether the information of caries activity and caries experience of the children can be used to predict the behavior of the children during the dental treatment. The subjects of the study were one hundred and eighty-one preschool children, three to six years old. Salivary reductase activity was tested by the Resazurin Disc Test. Caries experience was examined. The children's behavior was observed using the rating scale of Frankl. Salivary reductase activity of the negative behavior group was slightly higher than that of the positive behavior goup, but the difference was not significant. dt index and ds index of the negative behavior group were significantly higher than those of the positive behavior group. There were no significant differences in ft index and fs index between the two behavior groups. The results suggest that the negative behavior of a child can be predicted when the child has many untreated dental caries.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 어린이의 구강내 국소마취시 통증을 줄이기 위한 방법으로 고안된 2-단계 자입법(2-step needle insertion technique)의 효과를 평가하기 위하여, 어린이 환자의 구강 내에 양측성으로 국소마취를 시행하고 마취시 느끼는 통증의 정도를 pain scale을 이용, 측정하여 통상적인 자입법(Conventional needle insertion technique)과 비교하는 것이다. 통상적인 자입법과 2-단계 자입법에 의해 어린이가 느낀 통증 점수는 각각 5.82 ± 2.14 and 2.57 ± 2.09로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.001). 성별, 연령, 그리고 Frankl의 행동평가척도에 따른 두 방법 간의 주관적인 통증의 정도는 2-단계 자입법에서 훨씬 작았다(p < 0.001). 부위별 마취법에 따른 주관적인 통증의 정도는 상악과 하악, 전치부와 구치부 등 모든 부위에서 2-단계 자입법으로 마취하는 동안의 통증이 더 작게 나타났다(p < 0.001). 2-단계 자입법은 치과치료에 긍정적인 태도를 가지는 어린이 뿐만 아니라 부정적인 태도를 가진 어린이 환자들에서도 국소마취시 통증을 감소시킬 수 있는 간단하고 효과적인 방법이며, 도포마취제의 적용이나 주의분산 등과 함께 병용한다면 통증을 더 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.