• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.469-485
• /
• 1994

The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between time required for each step in the treatment process for pedodontic patients. and age of the patients, and experience of special training for pedodontics and career of dental practitioners. Information of these matters was gained from 580 questionnaires collected from 69 practitioners (62 male and 7 female). The questionnaires included questions about the patients' sex(303 male and 207 female) and age. The patients were categorized into 5 different age groups : Group 1, age $1{\sim}3$-year ; Group 2, $4{\sim}6$-year ; Group 3, $7{\sim}9$-year ; Group 4, $10{\sim}12$-year ; Group 5, $13{\sim}15$-year. The questions about the dental practitioners were the years of experience in private dental practice(5 years or more than 5 years) and whether or not they took the special training for pedodontics in the authorized institutes. The practitioners were asked to answer the questions about Frankl scale of the patients' behavior during the treatment, and time spent for managing the patients to be subjected to local anesthetic injection (the first behavior control), time for the injection, and time for the subsequent treatment. The results obtained by analyzing the information collected from the questionnaires were as follows : 1. The younger the patients, the lower the Frankl scale was counted at the time of the first behavior control, injection, and the subsequent treatment(p<0.001). 2. The lowest Frankl scale was scored during the injection regardless of the age of the patients. 3. Time for management and treatment was decreased in the order of age Groups 1 and 2< Group 3 < Groups 4 and 5. 4. The patients showed a more positive frankl scale in response to the treatment performed by those who were more-experienced in dental practice as compared with those were less-experienced. 5. Pedodontic training experience of the practitioners did not appear to influence the patients with respect to the treatment time and Frankl scale.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.846-851
• /
• 2008

This dissertation researched the application possibility of Logotherapy with Self-Differentiation theory of Bowen. The Logotherapy is to complement the limit of Self-Differentiation theory of Bowen. And the Self-Differentiation theory of application to Logotherapy gives a many help to a patient.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Mathematical Education Conference
• /
• 1996.06a
• /
• pp.3-4
• /
• 1996

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.329-339
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to consider of meaning in life based on Frankl's theory and to propose of hospice nursing according to conceptual framework of meaning in life. The conceptual framework of meaning in life is composed of 4 phases. According to the first phase, acceptance & awareness of self and life, hospice nurse should helps dying patient to accept limitedness of human existence and death. and according to the second phase, actualization of creative value, hospice nurse can helps dying patient to discover meaning in life through doing a deed for last time before his death. According to the third phase, actualization of experiential value, hospice nurse can helps them to discovery of meaning by experiencing of love through meetings with other people, nature, and god. According to the forth phase, actualization of attitudinal value, hospice nurse can helps them to discovery of meaning by realizing meaning in suffering and death through exercising of the inner freedom to choose bravery and acceptance in the face of death and misfortune. As mentioned above, the Frankl's theory accords with the core of hospice nursing that helps people to accomplish human essence in suffering and death. therefore we accepted Frankl's point of view, asserted that one of the most important roles of a hospice nurse as a supporter and sustainer for dying patients is to help patients to find meaning in life even in the course of death. To achieve the goal, hospice nurses should try to have a firm faith through philosophical introspection about life, death, human existence and meaning in life what the most important goal of life is to discover meaning in life and human have the duty and responsibility of recognizing and pursuing meaning up to the last moment of life.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2019

Background: An inability to cope with threatening dental stimuli, i.e., sight, sound, and sensation of airotor, manifests as anxiety and behavioral management problems. Behavior modification techniques involving pre-exposure to dental equipment will give children a first-hand experience of their use, sounds, and clinical effects. The aim of this study was to compare the techniques of Tell-Show-Play-doh, a smartphone dentist game, and a conventional Tell-Show-Do method in the behavior modification of anxious children in the dental operatory. Methods: Sixty children in the age group of 4-8 years, with Frankl's behavior rating score of 2 or 3, requiring Class I and II cavity restorations were divided into three groups. The groups were Group 1: Tell-Show-Play-doh; Group 2: smartphone dentist game; and Group 3: Tell-Show-Do technique and each group comprised of 20 children. Pulse rate, Facial Image Scale (FIS), Frankl's behavior rating scale, and FLACC (Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability) behavior scales were used to quantify anxious behavior. Operator compliance was recorded through a validated questionnaire. Results: The results showed lower mean pulse rates, lower FIS and FLACC scores, higher percentage of children with Frankl's behavior rating score of 4, and better operator compliance in both the Tell-Show-Play-doh and smartphone dentist game groups than in the conventional Tell-Show-Do group. Conclusion: The Tell-Show-Play-doh and smartphone dentist game techniques are effective tools to reduce dental anxiety in pediatric patients.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2020

Historically, rhythm has played a key role not only in musical composition, but also in architectural design. In 1893, architectural theorist and art scholar August Schmarsow, in "The Essence of Architectural Creation," created a new definition of architecture as space-creation and characterized rhythm as a design principle. However, this new idea was confronted by Heinrich Wölfflin. While Schmarsow's theory represents a dynamic world-view based on anthropomorphism, the architectural theory of Wölfflin is based on the notion of harmony, displaying a kind of conservative stasis. These two main streams have greatly influenced the development of modern architecture. The concept of space has prevailed in the discourse of modern architecture, but the principle of rhythm has seldom received any positive recognition. This article introduces and develops the concept of rhythm and disputes whether Behrens and Frankl in particular, two who dispute Schmarsow's theories, have used the concept of rhythm in terms of space. I conclude that they could not overcome the notion of the physical-the body-, thus their use of the term rhythm is incongruous with the notion of space. The idea of rhythm in architectural creation remains an up and coming idea.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.425-431
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine validity of developed Logo-Autobiography for College students (LAC). The LAC was developed based on Frankl's logotherapy and Logo-Autobiography program for middle-aged women. Eleven college students participated in 6 sessions of LAC after 3 psychiatric nurse practitioners confirmed content validity of the program. Focus group interviews were conducted to identify participation experiences and to examine validity of the program sessions. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis method. A total of 9 themes were emerged from the data; 1)Realizing my existence, 2)Discovering my uniqueness of existence, 3)Thinking my future, 4)Experiences of encounter, 5)My uniqueness, 6)Experiences of successful coping, 7)Realizing freedom of attitude choice, 8)Needs of self-transcendence, and 9)Discovering my existence. The emerged 9 themes were all evaluated to be consistent with the objectives and topics of each session. We suggest a randomized experimental study to examine effects of LAC on college students' mental health.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.525-532
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the effect of Dental Electronic Anesthesia on pain inhibition for clinical use. The subject for this study were 30 children whose Frankl behavioral rate is positive. The subjects was divided into two groups, the first group described by control group and the second group described by experimental group anesthetized with Dental Electronic Anesthetic device. And then three kind of treatments were done : extraction of deciduous teeth, application of rubber dam, cavity preparation for preventive resin restoration. 3M Dental Electronic Anesthesia System was used for this study : its electric impulse stimulate the skin surface by external electrode pads. The results were as follows. 1. Degree of the pain & the apprehension decreased in experimental group. 2. Degree of the pain & the apprehension showed statistical differences among three treatments procedures in the control group but, not showed statistical differences in the experimental group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.925-930
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to know whether the information of caries activity and caries experience of the children can be used to predict the behavior of the children during the dental treatment. The subjects of the study were one hundred and eighty-one preschool children, three to six years old. Salivary reductase activity was tested by the Resazurin Disc Test. Caries experience was examined. The children's behavior was observed using the rating scale of Frankl. Salivary reductase activity of the negative behavior group was slightly higher than that of the positive behavior goup, but the difference was not significant. dt index and ds index of the negative behavior group were significantly higher than those of the positive behavior group. There were no significant differences in ft index and fs index between the two behavior groups. The results suggest that the negative behavior of a child can be predicted when the child has many untreated dental caries.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the 2-step needle insertion technique to reduce pain during local anesthesia in children. Local anesthesia was performed bilaterally using conventional technique and a 2-step technique, and to compare the degree of pain using the 2-step with that using the conventional technique during local anesthesia using a pain scale. The pain scores were significantly different between the conventional technique and the 2-step insertion technique at 5.82 ± 2.14 and 2.57 ± 2.09, respectively (p < 0.001). The subjective degree of pain based on gender, age, and Frankl's behavior rating scale was significantly lower in the 2-step insertion technique (p < 0.001). Subjective pain levels in the area of maxilla and mandible, anterior and posterior parts were lower in the group treated using the 2-step insertion technique (p < 0.001). The 2-step insertion technique is a simple and effective way to reduce pain during local anesthesia not only in children with a positive attitude to dental treatment, but also in children with negative attitudes, and is thought to be more effective if combined with application of topical anesthesia or distraction.