• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권6B호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 Non-transparent 모드 MMR 시스템의 성능을 분석한다. Non-transparent MMR 시스템은 Single-frame(in band)와 Multi-frame(out band) 두 가지의 전송 방식을 갖는데 모드에 따라 프레임 구조가 다르기 때문에 그에 따른 성능 또한 달라질 수 있다. 성능 분석은 각 모드에 따른 지연, 프레임의 효율, RS (Relay Station) 를 사용한 최대 홉 수로 나타냈다. 지연과 프레임 효율의 경우 BS (Base Station) 의 커버리지와 RS의 커버리지의 비율 값, RS의 개수를 변화시키면서 성능을 분석한다. 그리고 분석을 위해 BS, MS (Mobile Station), 그리고 RS 간의 채널 간섭은 없고 각각의 커버리지는 원으로 가정한다. 결과를 통해 single-frame 방식이 multi-frame 방식보다 효율적임을 알 수 있다. 향후 IEEE802.16j MMR 환경뿐만 아니라 차세대 이동통신망에서 릴레이를 사용하여 휴대 인터넷 서비스 지역과, 셀룰러 망을 넓히는데 있어 참고할 만한 가이드라인이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1877-1891
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• 2016

In video coding, the goal of rate control (RC) is not only to avoid the undesirable fluctuation in bit allocation, but also to provide a good visual perception. In this paper, a novel frame-level rate control algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is proposed. Firstly a model that reveals the relationship between bit per pixel (bpp), the bitrate of the intra frame and the bitrate of the subsequent inter frames in a group of pictures (GOP) is established, based on which the target bitrate of the first intra frame is well estimated. Then a novel frame-level bit allocation algorithm is developed, which provides a robust bit balancing scheme between the intra frame and the inter frames in a GOP to achieve the visual quality smoothness throughout the whole sequence. Our experimental results show that when compared to the RC scheme for HEVC encoder HM-16.0, the proposed algorithm can produce reconstructed frames with more consistent objective video quality. In addition, the objective visual quality of the reconstructed frames can be improved with less bitrate.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2002

The following research conclusions were made, relative to the experiments of the textiles of fire fighters Protective Clothing. 1. When the body protection efficiency such as the thickness, the strength and heat resistance are considered, Nomex(N) is tuned out the best outer shelf, Gore-tex(KG) the best moisture barrier, and Wool-felt(WC) the best thermal barrier. 2. In the hygienic and sanitary efficiency also, N is turned out the best outer shelf, KG the best moisture barrier, and WC the best thermal barrier in its degree of water resistance, water vapour permeability, and air permeability. 3. In the washing and maintenance efficiency, too. N is turned out the best outer shell, KG the best moisture barrier, and WC the best thermal barrier, being considered the material's rate of contraction, the changing rate of frame resistance, water resistance, and water vapour permeability. 4. When considered the frame resistance against the reflection tape and reflection efficiency, O is the best material for it marks the highest score in the frame resistance and reflective effect.

• Journal of Information Display
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

In this study, a very small LED packaging lead frame with a low thermal resistance was developed. The cost of the package process was reduced by the use of many small LED lamps, which increased the light emission efficiency. Compared to the large lead frame lamp, however, the optical property of the small LED packaging lead frame lamp was not sufficiently improved because its reflection structure was changed and its reflection area was reduced. The luminous efficiency of the LED lamp reaches 58 lm/W at the current density of 0.16 A/$cm^2$. Using the LED lamps, 46-inch LCD BLU was manufactured. The BLU-made LED lamps have a low power consumption of 146 W and have a slim (10-mm-thick) BLU, keeping good uniformity in terms of brightness, and maintaining good thermal properties.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.940-944
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• 2015

We present a frame synchronization algorithm for lowdensity parity-check (LDPC) coded burst transmissions, which combines a conventional pilots-assisted frame synchronization algorithm and a code-aided algorithm based on the mean magnitude of the soft outputs from the LDPC decoder. With moderate computational complexity, the proposed algorithm is more efficient in bandwidth than conventional pilots-assisted algorithms. When compared with other code-aided algorithms, the proposed algorithm offers a better trade-off between complexity and performance. Simulation results in the case of an 8-PSK system with (1944, 972) LDPC code show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a performance equivalent to that of the perfect frame synchronization, with a bandwidth efficiency loss of 0.06 dB due to the use of pilot symbols.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1055-1075
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• 2015

In order to investigate the accuracy and applicability of steel equivalent constitutive model, the calculated results were compared with typical tests of steel frames under static and dynamic loading patterns firstly. Secondly, four widely used models for time history analysis of steel frames were compared to discuss the applicability and efficiency of different methods, including shell element model, multi-scale model, equivalent constitutive model (ECM) and traditional beam element model (especially bilinear model). Four-story steel frame models of above-mentioned finite element methods were established. The structural deformation, failure modes and the computational efficiency of different models were compared. Finally, the equivalent constitutive model was applied in seismic incremental dynamic analysis of a ten-floor steel frame and compared with the cyclic hardening model without considering damage and degradation. Meanwhile, the effects of damage and degradation on the seismic performance of steel frame were discussed in depth. The analysis results showed that: damages would lead to larger deformations. Therefore, when the calculated results of steel structures subjected to rare earthquake without considering damage were close to the collapse limit, the actual story drift of structure might already exceed the limit, leading to a certain security risk. ECM could simulate the damage and degradation behaviors of steel structures more accurately, and improve the calculation accuracy of traditional beam element model with acceptable computational efficiency.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

IEEE 802.11 무선 네트워크에서는 프레임 충돌현상을 방지하기 위해 RTS/CTS와 같은 제어프레임을 지원한다. 하지만 제어프레임은 프레임 충돌 현상을 막지만 전송률을 떨어뜨린다. 또한, 이웃하는 셀이나 같은 셀에 있는 다른 노드들의 동작을 막아버리는 현상인 False Node Problem을 발생시키기도 한다. 비효율적인 전송률과 False Node Problem을 해결하기 위해 새로운 제어프레임을 제안한다. 새로운 제어 프레임은 기존의 프레임에서 채널 감지기능을 갖는 4바이트를 추가한 것이며, 채널 감지 기능은 데이터를 수신할 때 일정한 시간에 채널을 다시 감지한다. 이 기능으로 채널의 접속 빈도를 높이게 되어 False Node Problem을 방지할 것이라고 기대한다. False Node Problem 방지와 효율적인 전송률을 증명하기 위해 새로운 제어프레임과 기존의 제어프레임을 지연시간과 load을 비교 분석을 하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2001

This study is for the investigation of form using the aluminum-compound metal frame(Aluminum frame reinforced panel : AFR panel) which is improved in the capacity in the wall-concrete structure in steal of using the existing form which has problems such as, excessive exposure of cement, the loss of labor when it is constructed or disjointed, and it's economical efficiency compared with that of EURO Form. AFR panel passes the KS F 8006 test, and as a result of field test, it's displacement is satisfied with Specification. And using AFR panel is more economical than that of EURO Form because saving labor cost which plays a major part in cost saving in formwork is more effective in retrenching total cost than increment of material cost.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.3997-4015
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• 2014

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging wireless communication technology which allows objects to be identified automatically. The tag anti-collision is a significant issue for fast identifying tags due to the shared wireless channel between tags and the reader during communication. The EPCglobal Class-1 Generation-2 which uses Q algorithm for the anti-collision is widely used in many applications such as consumer electronic device and supply chain. However, the increasing application of EPCglobal Class-1 Generation-2 which requires the dynamic environment makes the efficiency decrease critically. Furthermore, its frame length (size) determination and frame termination lead to the suboptimal efficiency. A new anti-collision algorithm is proposed to deal with the two problems for large-scale RFID systems. The algorithm has higher performance than the Q algorithm in the dynamic environment. Some simulations are given to illustrate the performance.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권6C호
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• pp.512-522
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• 2005

이 논문에서는 주파수 선택적 시변 채널환경에서 시분할 듀플렉싱(TDD) 기반의 적응 직교 주파수 분할 다중 접속 시스템(OFDM)에 적합한 최적의 부대역-프레임 크기와 모드 변환점 결정 기법을 제안하고 이를 분석하였다. 목표 BER을 만족시키면서, 주파수 선택성과 사용자의 이동성과 모드 변환 정보에 의한 시그널링 오버헤드를 고려한 스펙트럼 효율을 최대화하는 관점에서 최적화된 모드 변환점 및 이에 따른 부대역과 프레임 크기를 구하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 부대역-프레임 크기가 고정값으로 주어진 상황에서, 목표 BER을 만족하면서 스펙트럼 효율이 최대화되는 모드 변환점을 찾은 후에, 다음으로 여러 후보군 중에서 스펙트럼 효율을 최대화시키는 부대역-프레임 크기가 결정될 수 있도록 하였다. 모의 실험 결과를 통해서 제안한 방식이 스펙트럼 효율과 BER 관점에서 기존의 방식보다 성능이 뛰어남을 보여준다.