• Title/Summary/Keyword: Frame reliability

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Underwater Channel Environment Analysis Using 10Khz Carrier Frequency at the Shore of West Sea (10kHz 반송파를 사용한 서해안 수중 채널환경 분석)

  • Kim, Min-sang;Ko, Hak-lim;Kim, Kye-won;Lee, Tae-seok;Im, Tae-ho
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.132-139
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out near the waters of Jango port, Dangjin-gun, Chungcheongnam-do by utilizing 10kHz carrier frequency, for the purpose of measurement and analysis of underwater channel environment of the Western sea. For the measurement of horizontal channel environment, the separation distance between transmitter and receiver is made differently in the range between 10m and 4000m. Meanwhile, for the measurement of vertical channel environment, transmission and receiving side ships are fixed as contacted each other and measured differently depending on their depth of submergence. In this study, the Coherence Bandwidth and the Coherence Time were estimated by analyzing the Power delay profile of the real sea based on the measured data, and analyzing the doppler frequency through frequency conversion of received tone-signal, respectively. This study is expected to become a base study in carrying out the frame design for underwater communication to improve the communication and secure the reliability of communication in future underwater channel environment.

Analysis of Spatial Resolution Characteristics for DMC/UlatraCamXp/ADS80 Digital Aerial Image Based on Visual Method (시각적 기법에 의한 DMC/UlatraCamXp/ADS80 디지털 항공영상의 공간해상도 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Tae Yun;Lee, Jae One
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 2016
  • Digital aerial images have been commonly used in a large scale map production owing to their excellent geometry, and high spatial and radiometric resolution in recent years. However, a quality verification process for acquired images should be preceded in order to secure the high precision and reliability of produced results. Several experimental studies to verify digital imaging systems have been vigorously researched by constructing permanent test field in abroad. On the other hand, it is urgently necessary to suggest a practical scheme for an image quality verification, because this related study and experiment are still in its early stage at home. Hence, this study aims to present an easy method to measure the spatial resolution of the image in a visual way using a portable Siemens star. The images used in the study were obtained with three different cameras, two frame array sensors of DMC, UltraCamXp and a linear array sensor of ADS80. The Siemens star target appeared in every image is extracted and then the spatial resolution of image is compared with theoretical GSD(Ground Sample Distance) by a visual method. In addition, the change of spatial resolution depending on the location of the Siemens star from image center and flight direction and cross-flight direction is also compared and analyzed. As study results, while the theoretical GSDs of images taken with each camera are about 6~9cm, the visual resolutions are 1.2~1.3 times as great as the theoretical ones.

Comparison Study on the Make-up Cultures between the Ching dynasty in China and the Edo Age in Japan based on their Aesthetic Consciousness (중국(中國) 청(淸) 왕조시대(王朝時代)와 일본(日本) 강호시대(江戶時代)의 미의식(美意識)에 따른 화장문화(化粧文化) 비교 연구)

  • Ahn, Hyun-soon;Koh, Jung-min
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.27
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    • pp.59-79
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    • 2012
  • China and Japan are geographically close and the two countries had shared the Chinese Character Culture and the thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism since the ancient age. They also actively exchanged culture in various areas. Some cultural exchanges had been caused by surrounding environment and culture had been introduced to other country in a natural way; while some cultural exchanges had been forcibly introduced through artificial process. It is believed that such cultural phenomenon must have had impact on the make-up cultures of the two countries and it was assumed that there must have been commons and differences in the make-up cultures of the two countries. This study explored the historical background of the Ching dynasty of China and the Edo Age in Japan, which are in the same time frame, and studied the aesthetic consciousness of the two countries at the time. Then the make-up style of ladies in the two countries had been studied to find out how their aesthetic consciousnesses had been expressed in the make-ups of the two countries. Then the commons and differences in make-up skills between the two countries had been identified. According to the study results, the main stream of aesthetics during the Ching dynasty in China can be classified into Confucianism aesthetics and Taoism aesthetics. On the other hand, the main stream of aesthetics during the Edo Age in Japan can be classified into "mitate(見立)", "ikki(いき)" and "garumi(かるみ). The skin care in the make-up culture of Ching dynasty in China was based on "rouge (?脂, yanzhi)" and "powder(粉, fen)". The Ching ladies loved the make-up style using rouge. It had been same both in the high society and common people. The eyebrow care was delicate and curved so that the feminine beauty with elegant spirit could be emphasized. The lips had been expressed to be smaller and the ladies tried to express elegance and reliability, rather than frail and tender feminine image. The skin care in the make-up culture of Edo Age in Japan focused on even applying of white powder so that the face would look soft. The eyebrow make-up was a very important part of the make-up. The shapes of eyebrow had been advanced in various styles and there had been eyebrow make-up styles such as "crescent-shaped brow (三日月), "crane style brow (鶴眉) and "Tang style brow (唐眉). The lips had been applied of thick red color, imitating the make-up skill of the ladies in the entertainment business. The lips make-up skill expressing the lips in two colors had been quite popular. Among the make-up skills during the Edo Age in Japan, the "black teeth (齒黑)" can be said as the most unique make-up style of Edo Age.

A Study on the Analysis of Reflective Journal of the Character Development Program of Christian University (기독교 대학의 인성 함양 프로그램 성찰저널 분석 연구 : K대학교의 밀알훈련 사례를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Seong Ah
    • Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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    • v.66
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    • pp.383-412
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the journal of reflection of students who participated in the character improvement education program. And it is a study that suggests ways to develop the program according to the results of analysis. Then, by collecting 208 reflective journals of students who participated in Milal training at K University, After the analysis was performed in the process of transcription, coding, and subject discovery, reliability was secured by calculating the Kappa coefficient for the analysis frame and analysis suitability. According to the results of the analysis of reflection journal. Through Milal training, the Milal spirit was understood as sacrificial service (sacrifice, devotion, lowering, serving, death, decay) and Milal (reproduction). We confirmed that It will have a life attitude related to the themes of labor (hardwork, work, patience, patience, perseverance). It can be said that through Milal training, self-reflection activities can be promoted, community character and collaboration skills can be cultivated, and the spirit of sacrificial service can be acquired. Through the results of this reflection journal analysis, it is necessary to further enhance the Milal training program, and it will be possible to provide implications to the character cultivation programs of other universities.

Seismic Performance Evaluation of Concrete Anchors used in Power Plant Equipment by Shaking Table Tests (진동대 실험을 통한 발전기기용 콘크리트 앵커의 성능평가)

  • Lee, Sang-Moon;Jeon, Bub-Gyu;Jung, Woo-Young
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2021
  • The main purpose of this study is to assess the safety of the fixed anchorages subjected to the seismic motion for an operating facilities in the actual power plant. Thus, the experimental study was conducted to investigate the load response in the event of an actual seismic to the anchorages of a nonstructural components. Since there are economic and spatial constraints to study nonstructural components that actually have various forms, alternative test specimens of steel frames with mass were built and the shaking table test was carried out. In order to evaluate the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance, the natural frequency of the target structure was identified through the shaking table test and then the load response characteristics of the anchorage were evaluated by generating an artificial seismic effect like actual seismic. Finally, the structural stiffness was reinforced by fixing the steel frame to the test specimen using bolts, thereby reducing the load transmitted to the anchorage. It will be carried out on the reliability verification of the experiments and areas that have not been carried out due to the site conditions through the analytical approach in the future.

Automated Finite Element Analyses for Structural Integrated Systems (통합 구조 시스템의 유한요소해석 자동화)

  • Chongyul Yoon
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2024
  • An automated dynamic structural analysis module stands as a crucial element within a structural integrated mitigation system. This module must deliver prompt real-time responses to enable timely actions, such as evacuation or warnings, in response to the severity posed by the structural system. The finite element method, a widely adopted approximate structural analysis approach globally, owes its popularity in part to its user-friendly nature. However, the computational efficiency and accuracy of results depend on the user-provided finite element mesh, with the number of elements and their quality playing pivotal roles. This paper introduces a computationally efficient adaptive mesh generation scheme that optimally combines the h-method of node movement and the r-method of element division for mesh refinement. Adaptive mesh generation schemes automatically create finite element meshes, and in this case, representative strain values for a given mesh are employed for error estimates. When applied to dynamic problems analyzed in the time domain, meshes need to be modified at each time step, considering a few hundred or thousand steps. The algorithm's specifics are demonstrated through a standard cantilever beam example subjected to a concentrated load at the free end. Additionally, a portal frame example showcases the generation of various robust meshes. These examples illustrate the adaptive algorithm's capability to produce robust meshes, ensuring reasonable accuracy and efficient computing time. Moreover, the study highlights the potential for the scheme's effective application in complex structural dynamic problems, such as those subjected to seismic or erratic wind loads. It also emphasizes its suitability for general nonlinear analysis problems, establishing the versatility and reliability of the proposed adaptive mesh generation scheme.

Development of dietary behavior items available in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (국민건강영양조사에 활용 가능한 식생활 조사항목 개발 및 유용성 검증)

  • Lim, A-Hyun;Choi, Suk-Young;Shim, Jae-Eun;Hwang, Ji-Yun;Moon, Hyun-Kyung;Kim, Kirang
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.407-418
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: Given that the indicators related to chronic diseases are important to evaluating goals of the national health policy, the aim of this study was to develop dietary behavior items available in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: The dietary behavior items were developed based on the literature reviews, need assessment of the field, expert focus-group interviews, and expert advisory meeting. Questions for each dietary behavior item were developed by reflecting on environmental, personal, and behavior factors of the ecological frame and then revised through expert focus-group interview and expert advisory meeting. The understanding and reliability of the developed questionnaire were assessed by cognitive interview and test-retest reliability. Results: The developed items were sodium and salt intake, added and simple sugar intake, enough time to consume a meal for all ages, caffeine drinks and fresh/healthy food intake for children and adolescents, and limited dietary intake, fresh/healthy food intake for seniors. In most questions except some questions on sodium and salt intake, subjects understood over 70% and consistency of responses based on the kappa values was acceptable. Conclusion: Developed dietary behavior items are expected to be useful for evidence-based nutrition policy, interventions and research targeting dietary patterns through investigating and monitoring dietary behavior patterns.

Study on the Relationships Among Perceived Shopping Values, Brand Equity, and Store Loyalty of Korean and Chinese Consumers: A Case of Large Discount Store (한국과 중국 소비자의 쇼핑 경험가치 지각과 브랜드자산 및 점포충성도의 관계에 관한 비교 연구: 대형 할인점을 중심으로)

  • Hwang, Soonho;Oh, Jongchul;Yoon, Sungjoon
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.209-237
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    • 2012
  • 1. Research Purpose Consumers rely on various clues to evaluate their decision to patronize a retail store, and store brand is one of them (Dodds 1991; Grewal et al. 1998). As consumers find ever increasing variety of contact points connecting them to specific store, the value of experiential shopping as a means of increasing store's brand equity warrants greater attention from scholars of retail management. Retail shopping values are credited for creating not only cognitive experiences like brand knowledge but also emotional experiences such as shopping pleasure and pride (Schmitt 1999). This may be because today's consumers place emphasis on emotional values associated with shopping pleasure, lifestyle brought to life, brand relationship, and store atmosphere more than utilitarian values such as product quality and price. Many previous literature found this to be true (Ahn and Lee 2011; Mathwick et al. 2001). This brings forth important research issues and questions regarding the roles of shopping experiential values and brand equity with regard to consumer's retail patronage choice. However, despite this importance, research on this area remains quite inadequate (Hwang 2010). For this reason, this study aims to verify the relationships among experiential shopping values, retail store brand equity and tries to link that with customer loyalty by surveying large-scale discount store shoppers in Korea and China. 2. Research Contents In order to carry out the research objective, this study conducted comprehensive literature survey on previous literature by discussing major findings and implications with regard to shopping values and retail brand equity and store loyalty. For data collection, researcher employed survey-based research method where data were collected in two major cities of Korea (Seoul) and China (Bejing) and sampling frame was based on patrons of large discount stores in both countries. Specific research questions raised in this study are as follows; RQ1: How do Korean and Chinese consumers differently perceive of shopping values regarding shopping at large-sclae discount stores? RQ2: Are there differences in consumers' emotional consumption propensities? RQ3: Do Korean and Chinese consumers display different perceptions of brand equity towards large-scale discount stores? RQ4: Are there differences in relationships between shopping values and brand equity for Korean and Chinese consumers? For statistical analysis, SPSS17.0, AMOS17.0 and SmartPLS were employed. 3. Research Results The data collected through face-to-face survey conducted in Seoul and Bejing revealed appropriate data validity and reliability as a result of exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis and reliability tests, andh SEM model yielding satisfactory model fitness. The result of the study may be summarized by three main points. First, as a result of testing differences in consumption dispositions, Chinese consumers showed higher scores in aesthetic and symbolic dispositions, whereas Korean consumers scored higher in hedonic disposition. Second, testing on perceptions toward brand equity of large discount stores showed that Korean consumers exhibited more positive perceptions of brand awareness and brand image than Chinese counterparts. Third, the result of exploratory factor analysis on the experiential shopping values revealed different factors for each country. On Korean side, consumer interest value, aesthetic value, and hedonic value were prominent, whereas on Chinese side, hedonic value, aesthetic value, consumer interest value, and service excellence value were found salient. 4. Research Implications While many previous studies on inter-country differences in retailing area mainly focused on cultural dispositions or orientations to explain the differences, this study sets itself apart by specifically targeting individual consumer's shopping values from an experiential viewpoint. The study result provides important theoretical as well as practical implications for large-scale discount store, especially the impotance of fully exploring the linkage between shopping values and brand equity, which has significant influence on loyalty. Therefore, the specific implications deriving from the result shed some important insights upon the consumption values based on shopping experiences and brand equity. The differences found in store shoppers between the two countries may also provide useful insights for Korean and Chinese retailers who plan to expand their operations globally. Related strategic implications derived from this study is the importance of localizing retail strategy which is based on the differences found in experiential shopping values between the two country groups. Especially the finding that Chinese consumers value consumer interest and service excellence, whereas Koreans place importance on hedonic or aesthetic values indicates the need to differentiate the consumer's psychographical profiles when it comes to expanding retail operations globally. Particularly important will be to pursue price-orienated strategy in China in consideration of the high emphasis on consumer interests and service excellence, but to emphasize the symbolic aspects of brand equity in Korea by maximizing the brand equity associated with aesthetic values and hedonic orientations. 5. Recommendations This study focused on generic retail branded discount stores in both countries, thus making it difficult to tease out store-specific strategies based on specific retail brands. Future studies may benefit fro employing actual brand names in survey questionnaire to verify relationship between shopping values and brand-based store strategy. As with other studies of this nature, this study needs to strengthen the result's generalizability by selecting respondents from a wider spectrum of respondents.

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