• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.315-328
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• 2021

A characterization of frame operators of finite Gabor frames is presented here. Regularity aspects of Gabor frames in 𝑙²(ℤ_N) are discussed by introducing associated semi-frame operators. Gabor type frames in finite dimensional Hilbert spaces are also introduced and discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2020

The National Geographic Information Institute of Korea takes digital aerial photograph images every two years to make and modify/renew the digital map. The cameras for aerial photogrammetry to capture these digital aerial photographs are divided into frame types and line types. Computer vision analysis of aerial photograph images was only possible for frame type. Thus, in this study, Line type aerial photograph images was intended to generate geospatial information through computer vision analysis, and forest geospatial information was created as a method for the utilization of aerial picture images. As a result, geospatial information generated by computer vision analysis of line type aerial photograph images showed that RMSE of horizontal and vertical position errors was less than quadruple that of GSD. Forest geospatial information was generated using geospatial information generated by computer vision analysis. It was confirmed that extraction of the crown of tree and calculation of tree height are possible. Through this study, it is expected that utilization of aerial photograph images will be improved.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

In this study, 3 kinds of models about bike frame are simulated with static structural analysis, And fatigue life, damage and durability according to fatigue load are analyzed. A bike frame model with diamond type is compared with another model on the reinforced support with its type. In case of the reinforced support type, maximum equivalent stress or total deformation is shown with 10% or 20% more than the diamond type respectively. At both types of models, the trends of fatigue life and damage at both types are same. 'SAE bracket history' with the severest change of load becomes most unstable but 'Sample history' becomes most stable among the cases of nonuniform fatigue loads. In case of 'Sample history' with the average stress of 0 to -1MPa and the amplitude stress of 0 to 1MPa, the possibility of maximum damage becomes 3%. This stress state can be shown with 6 times more than the damage possibility of 'SAE Bracket history' or 'SAE transmission'. In case of the reinforced support type, fatigue life becomes shorter and damage probability becomes larger at the right side installed with support than diamond type. The structural result of this study can be effectively utilized with the design on bike frame by investigating prevention and durability against its damage.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.923-938
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• 2018

In this paper, we handle the Gauss map of a tubular surface which is constructed according to the parallel transport frame of its spine curve. We show that there is no tubular surface having harmonic Gauss map. Moreover, we give a complete classification of this kind of tubular surface having pointwise 1-type Gauss map in Euclidean 4-space ${\mathbb{E}}^4$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1B
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Increase of internet users and new type of applied traffic such as game, news, distributed computing, online image conference, and real time audio and video have leaded to demand for more bandwidth for each application. This algorithm represents a complex optical exchanger having typical wavelength switching function and time-slotted transmission function. Performance assessment of the proposed OXC (Optical Cross connect) sttucture defines LFS (Limit Frame Size) and VFS (Variable Frame Size) for classification by packet type and calculates the channel effect and loss probability depending the demanded bandwidth by access node increase. Optical exchanger in this type of structure can guarantee future network expansion as well as decrease of frame collision resulted from node increase.

• Architectural research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

Condensation has mainly occurred in corridor type apartment door which is exposed to the outside air and is made of steel, which has high thermal conductivity. As a result, the total costs of repair have increased with the number of disputes with residents. In this study, therefore, we investigate materials and construction methods used in apartment door, perform a computer simulation to find out possible improvements, and then suggest the dew point to prevent the occurrence of condensation throughout simulation. The results indicate that the temperature that condensation does not occur is $15.4^{\circ}C$, and the optimum method of achieving this dew point is shown to be a door frame system including a large vertical slot to decrease the area of thermal conduction between the outer and inner portions of the door frame. Mock-up tests show that the surface temperature of the door frame was higher than the dew point, and the system can withstand severe cold conditions of $-20^{\circ}C$. In application test, the surface temperature of door frame with vertical slots is $5.9^{\circ}C$in average, which is higher than the existing door frame. Furthermore, in the temperature distribution of the surrounding door measured with infrared ray camera, the existing door shows the high temperature distribution indicating lack of insulation, but the improved door shows the low temperature distribution indicating higher insulation.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.293-303
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• 2013

This paper deals with steel braced frame as increasing the lateral strength and ductility in order to seismic retrofit of existing buildings and discusses the designing criteria and calculation method of retrofitted buildings. The addition of steel braced frame can be effective for increasing the lateral strength and ductility of existing buildings. However, There is a problem in utilizing this method. It is the approach to provide an adequate connection between the existing RC frame and the installed steel braced frame, because global strength by failure mode(three type) depends on detail of connection and strength of existing RC frame. So, the designer must be confirmed if it satisfies the required performance or not. Failure mode of type I is the most appropriate for increasing the lateral strength and ductility. Seismic performance evaluation and strength calculation of seismic retrofit are performed by guideline by KISTEC(Korea Infrastructure Safety & Technology)'s "seismic performance evaluation and rehabilitation of existing buildings" and Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association. Buildings are modeled and non-linear pushover analysis are performed using MIDAS program.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 1999

Two representative types of the AGT (Automated Guideway Transit) system, which are bogie and steering types, are available for the side-guided system. Each system primarily consists of the bogie frame, suspensions, wheelsets and axles, braking system and transmission system. Among these components, the bogie frame is one of the most significant components subjected to the whole vehicle and passenger loads. This paper describes structural analyses and associated fatigue analyses for each bogie frame depending on the various loading conditions on a basis of the railway vehicle code UIC 515-4. Subsequently, comparisons are made between those two types to estimate which type is more reliable in terms of strength and fatigue. It is observed that the bogie type is a little advantageous over the steering one from the strength analysis. However, the two types are found to be in a reliable range of fatigue even though a realistic fatigue load case is further carried out. In addition, an optimal size of thickness is suggested for designs of the bogie frame.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to classify the upper half of body somatotype and analyze the characteristics of each somatotype. The subjects of survey were 272 elementary school boys of 11 to 12 years old living in Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do. Datas were collected through 36 anthropometric measurements and 7 photographic measurements. They were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance. The results of the study were as follows : 1. According to the factor analysis. seven factors were extracted from measurements of the upper half of body and those factors comprised 79.62% of total variance. Specially factor 1 was characterized sectional size and factor 2 was characterized longitudinal size comprised 58.83% of total variance. 2. According to the cluster analysis, the upper half of body somatotype was classified four types : Boys in type 1 had quite high stature and big frame, broadest and most sloping shoulders, flattest chest and belly, quite protruded shoulder blades boys in type 2 had quite short stature and small frame, quite broad and most rising shoulder, most protruded belly, quite protruded shoulder blades boys in type 3 had shortest stature, smallest frame, narrowest and quite rising shoulders, most protruded chest, flattest shoulder blade and quite flat belly : boys in type 4 had highest stature, biggest frame, most protruded shoulder blades and quite protruded chest and belly.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

The current study examined the causal relations among sustainable luxury campaigns' message framing types (negative vs. positive), sustainable brand image and perceived consumer effectiveness. The study tested the moderation of perceived brand luxury about the message framing types, sustainable brand image, and perceived consumer effectiveness. An online survey adopting luxury product is conducted with a total of 194 Korean consumers, testing the hypotheses. In the results, the message framing type is found to significantly affect perceived consumer effectiveness but not sustainable brand image. Perceived brand luxury significantly negatively moderates the relationship between the message framing type and perceived consumer effectiveness but not between the type and sustainable brand image. The results supported the positive influence of perceived consumer effectiveness on sustainable brand image. The moderation of perceived brand luxury was confirmed only for the relationship between the message framing type and perceived consumer effectiveness. The results empirically confirm that the message frame of luxury marketing could positively affect consumers' attitude formation, such as perceived consumer effectiveness, which is consistent with previous studies' research results. The results document that luxury brands using a negative message frame type had a more significant effect on perceived consumer effectiveness than the positive frame type. The findings contribute to the literature of new media-based sustainable marketing of luxury products as to how it affects consumers' brand evaluation and purchase intention, focusing on the causal relationships among the message-framing type of sustainable luxury marketing, sustainable brand image, and perceived consumer effectiveness. Given the increasing pursuit of sustainability in the luxury industry, the results contribute to deriving implications for sustainable marketing of efficient luxury brands.