• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2021

The paper deals with comparative study of various surrogate models based approximate optimization in the structural design of the passive type deck support frame under design load conditions. The passive type deck support frame was devised to facilitate both transportation and installation of 20,000 ton class topside. Structural analysis was performed using the finite element method to evaluate the strength performance of the passive type deck support frame in its initial design stage. In the structural analysis, the strength performances were evaluated for various design load conditions. The optimum design problem based on surrogate model was formulated such that thickness sizing variables of main structure members were determined by minimizing the weight of the passive type deck support frame subject to the strength performance constraints. The surrogate models used in the approximate optimization were response surface method, Kriging model, and Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials. In the context of numerical performances, the solution results from approximate optimization were compared to actual non-approximate optimization. The response surface method among the surrogate models used in the approximate optimization showed the most appropriate optimum design results for the structure design of the passive type deck support frame.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.5955-5962
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• 2014

일반적으로 고성능의 레이스카나 스포츠카 시장에서 차량의 프레임 설계는 매우 중요한 기술적 요소로 작용하고 있다. 차량의 비틀림 강성은 차량의 코너링 성능에 많은 영향을 주기 때문에 레이스 차량에 있어 우수한 성능의 프레임이라는 것은 높은 비틀림 강성을 가진다는 것을 뜻한다. 본 연구에서는 입문용 포뮬러 레이스카 프레임의 최적 비틀림 강성 설계를 위하여 다구찌 직교배열표를 가진 실험계획법과 유한요소 해석 기술을 이용하였다. 이러한 기법을 통해서 얻은 결과가 초기설계단계에서 보다 14.5%의 무게를 감량함과 동시에 무게 대비 비틀림 강성 10.7%의 개선 효과를 볼 수가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직교배열표를 가지는 실험계획법을 이용한 구조해석이 설계 초기단계에서 저가형 레이스 차량에 사용되는 Tubular space frame 설계에 매우 유용함을 나타내고 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.447-462
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• 2020

In this paper, a simplified seismic design method for low-rise dual frame-steel plate shear wall (SPSW) structures is proposed in the framework of performance-based seismic design. The dynamic response of a low-rise structure is mainly dominated by the first-mode and the structural system can be simplified to an equivalent single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator. The dual frame-SPSW structure was decomposed into a frame system and a SPSW system and they were simplified to an equivalent F-SDOF (SDOF for frame) oscillator and an equivalent S-SDOF (SDOF for SPSW) oscillator, respectively. The analytical models of F-SDOF and S-SDOF oscillators were constructed based on the OpenSees platform. The equivalent SDOF oscillator (D-SDOF, dual SDOF) for the frame-SPSW system was developed by combining the F-SDOF and S-SDOF oscillators in parallel. By employing the lateral force resistance coefficients and seismic demands of D-SDOF oscillator, the design approach of SPSW systems was developed. A 7-story frame-SPSW system was adopted to verify the feasibility and demonstrate the design process of the simplified method. The results also show the seismic demands derived by the equivalent dual SDOF oscillator have a good consistence with that by the frame-SPSW structure.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2006

Car seat is one the most important element to make comfortable drivability. It can absorb the impact or vibration during driving state. In addition to those factors, it is needed to have enough strength for passenger safety. From energy efficiency and environmental point of view lighter passenger car seat frame becomes hot issue in the auto industry. In this paper, weight optimization methodology is investigated for commercial car seat frame using CAE. Optimized designs for seat frame are developed using commercially available finite element code(ANSYS) and design of experiment method. At first, car seat frame is modelled using 3-D computer aided design tool(CATIA) and simplified for finite element modelling. Finite element analysis is carried out for the case of FMVSS 202 Head Restraint test to check the strength of the original seat frame. Two base brackets are selected as optimized elements that are the heaviest parts in the seat frame. After finite element analysis for the brackets with similar load condition to the previous test optimization technique is applied for 10% to 50% weight reduction. Design of experiment is utilized to obtain optimization design for the bracket based on the modified 50% weight reduction model in which outer shape of the bracket is conserved. Weight optimization models result in the decrease of the strength in spite of weight reduction. The more design points should be considered to get better optimized model. The more advanced optimization technique may be utilized for more parts of the seat frame to increase whole seat frame characteristics in the future.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2019

The seat back frame of the vehicle is subjected to load on the passenger behavior. Because of steel material, it is necessary to optimize the frame considering lightweight and safety. In this paper, finite element analysis is used for the optimal design of the seat back frame. First, a lightweight material is applied to reduce the weight of the seat back frame. Secondly, the design position of the pipe part fastened in the seat back frame was selected by considering the strength against the load generated by the occupant. Third, the shape of the side frame was derived by performing the phase optimization analysis for the AFT load condition. And we have compared the initial model with the optimal model to verify the light weighting and safety. As a result, the optimal design model of the seat back frame satisfying the weight reduction and safety has been proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권6호
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• pp.699-714
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• 2020

Force based design (FBD) approach is prevalent in most of the national seismic design codes world over. Direct displacement based design (DDBD) and energy based design (EBD) approaches are relatively new methods of seismic design which claims to be more rational and predictive than the FBD. These three design approaches are conceptually distinct and imparts different strength, stiffness and ductility property to structural members for same plan configuration. In present study behavioural assessment of frame of six storey RC building designed using FBD, DDBD and EBD approaches has been performed. Lateral storey forces distribution, reinforcement design and results of nonlinear performance using static and dynamic methods have been compared. For the three approaches, considerable difference in lateral storey forces distribution and reinforcement design has been observed. Nonlinear pushover analysis and time history analysis results show that in FBD frame plastic deformation is concentrated in the lower storey, in EBD frame large plastic deformation is concentrated in the middle storeys though the inelastic hinges are well distributed over the height and, in DDBD frame plastic deformation is approximately uniform over the height. Overall the six storey frame designed using DDBD approach seems to be more rational than the other two methods.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.111-124
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• 2021

회화를 기점으로 영화, 만화, 게임을 아울러 관객의 시선을 묶는 행위의 주축을 담당하는 것은 프레임이다. 프레임에 대해 안다는 것은 프레임을 읽을 수 있게 되는 것이며, 사용할 수 있게 되는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 디지털 게임의 프레임, 그 중에서도 일차 프레임의 한정된 구성을 보완하는 다중 프레임에 관해 다룬다. 본 논문에서는 게임의 기본 구성인 구조적 프레임, 플레이어 행위의 출력인 가변적 프레임, 기존 시각 매체 특성을 나타내는 표면적 프레임으로 다중 프레임을 분류한다. 이를 통해 디지털 게임 설계 장치로서의 다중 프레임의 양상을 살펴본다. 본 논문은 향후 게임의 다중 프레임 활용 가능성을 도출하고 다중 프레임 분석의 기제를 제공했다는 데서 유의미하다.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2024

Present paper deals with the cost effective design of reinforced concrete building frame employing unified particle swarm optimization (UPSO). A building frame with G+8 stories have been adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present algorithm. Effect of seismic loads and wind load have been considered as per Indian Standard (IS) 1893 (Part-I) and IS 875 (Part-III) respectively. Analysis of the frame has been carried out in STAAD Pro software.The design loads for all the beams and columns obtained from STAAD Pro have been given as input of the optimization algorithm. Next, cost optimization of all beams and columns have been carried out in MATLAB environment using UPSO, considering the safety and serviceability criteria mentioned in IS 456. Cost of formwork, concrete and reinforcement have been considered to calculate the total cost. Reinforcement of beams and columns has been calculated with consideration for curtailment and feasibility of laying the reinforcement bars during actual construction. The numerical analysis ensures the accuracy of the developed algorithm in providing the cost optimized design of RC building frame considering safety, serviceability and constructional feasibilities. Further, Monte Carlo simulations performed on the numerical results, proved the consistency and robustness of the developed algorithm. Thus, the present algorithm is capable of giving a cost effective design of RC building frame, which can be adopted directly in construction site without making any changes.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.414-417
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• 2008

A lid & frame used as the shield of electromagnetic waves in cellular phones are composed of frame, which is welded at their electric circuits, and lid, of which debonding and joining are available from the frame. Typical lid & frame were mechanically bonded by contact between the embossing of lid and the piercing of frame Bonding force of this part have to allow us to detach the lid from frame for exchange or fix of the electric part and have to be high enough to protect the electric part from external impacts. This study is designed to estimate the effect of design variable of lid & frame on its debonding force. Estimations were performed by finite element method.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2009

A lid & frame used as the shield of electromagnetic waves in cellular phones are composed of frame, which is welded at their electric circuits, and lid, of which debonding and joining are available from the frame. Typical lid & frame were mechanically bonded by contact between the embossing of lid and the piercing of frame. Bonding force of this part has to allow us to detach the lid from frame for exchange or fix of the electric part and have to be high enough to protect the electric part from external impacts. This study is designed to estimate the effect of design variables of lid & frame on its debonding force. Estimations were performed by finite element method.