• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1112-1119
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• 1999

Digital watermarking is to embed imperceptible mark into image, video, audio and text data to prevent the illegal copy of multimedia data, arbitrary modification, and also illegal sales of the copes without agreement of copyright ownership. The DCT(discrete Cosine Transforms) transforms of original image is conducted in this research and these DCT coefficients are expanded by Fourier series expansion algorithm. In order to embed the imperceptible and robust watermark, the Fourier coefficients(lower frequency coefficients) can be calculated using sine and cosine function which have a complete orthogonal basis function, and the watermark is embedded into these coefficients, In the experiment, we can show robustness with respect to image distortion such as JPEG compression, bluring and adding uniform noise. The correlation coefficient are in the range from 0.5467 to 0.9507.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 2003

Distance Fourier descriptors of local target boundary and feature information fusion using multiple MLPs (Multilayer perceptrons) are proposed. They are used to identify nonoccluded and partially occluded targets in natural FLIR (forward-looking infrared) images. After segmenting a target, radial Fourier descriptors as global shape features are defined from the target boundary. A target boundary is partitioned into four local boundaries to extract local shape features. In a local boundary, a distance function is defined from boundary points and a line between two extreme points. Distance Fourier descriptors as local shape features are defined by using distance function. One global feature vector and four local feature vectors are used as input data for multiple MLPs to determine final identification result of the target. In the experiments, we show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional feature sets with respect to the identification performance.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.643-656
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• 2020

This article presents a comprehensive static analysis of simply supported cross-ply carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (CNTRC) laminated nanobeams under various loading profiles. The nonlocal strain gradient constitutive relation is exploited to present the size-dependence of nano-scale. New higher shear deformation beam theory with hyperbolic function is proposed to satisfy the zero-shear effect at boundaries and parabolic variation through the thickness. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as the reinforced elements, are distributed through the beam thickness with different distribution functions, which are, uniform distribution (UD-CNTRC), V- distribution (FG-V CNTRC), O- distribution (FG-O CNTRC) and X- distribution (FG-X CNTRC). The equilibrium equations are derived, and Fourier series function are used to solve the obtained differential equation and get the response of nanobeam under uniform, linear or sinusoidal mechanical loadings. Numerical results are obtained to present influences of CNTs reinforcement patterns, composite laminate structure, nonlocal parameter, length scale parameter, geometric parameters on center deflection ad stresses of CNTRC laminated nanobeams. The proposed model is effective in analysis and design of composite structure ranging from macro-scale to nano-scale.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.453-462
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• 1994

Variation of seismic wave field in a multi-layered attenuating elastic half space is studied by the propagator matrix method and point source models of which fault-slip functions are defined as ramp functions. In this paper, the earth is modeled as being composed of horizontally stratified layers, with uniform material properties for each layer. The partial differential equations for the seismic motion in each layer are solved using a Fourier Hankel transform approach. Time histories and frequency contents of accelerations and displacements due to a vertical dip-slip and strike-slip point source located in the underlain half space are calculated at the layer interfaces using the developed programs and their characteristics are represented.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.957-967
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose the prediction algorithm of radiation emission from the PCB in an enclosure with a rectangular aperture. PCB scanner is used to measure the near field, which is substituted with an equivalent electric dipole source. Green function and Fourier transform are utilized to represent the electromagnetic fields within and outside the enclosure, respectively. The radiation emission is estimated by using the mode matching technique and surface equivalent theorem. The theoretical results are compared with the measurement to check the accuracy of our analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2007

This study was carried out fusion-welded butt joints in SWS 490A high strength steel subjected to tensile test that load-deflection curve. The windowed or short-time Fourier transform(WFT or STFT) makes possible for the analysis of non-stationary or transient signals into a joint time-frequency domain and the wavelet transform(WT) is used to decompose the acoustic emission(AE) signal into various discrete series of sequences over different frequency bands. In this paper, for acoustic emission signal analysis to use a continuous wavelet transform, in which the Gabor wavelet base on a Gaussian window function is applied to the time-frequency domain. A wavelet transform is demonstrated and the plots are very powerful in the recognition of the acoustic emission features. As a result, the technique of acoustic emission is ideally suited to study variables which control time and stress dependent fracture or damage process in metallic materials.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2000

Linear cyclic systems (LCS's) are a class of systems whose dynamic behavior changes cyclically. Such cyclic behavior is ubiquitous in systems with fundamentally repetitive motions (e. g. all rotating machinery). Yet, the knowledge of the noise and vibration transmission paths in LCS's is quite limited due to the time-varying nature of their dynamics. The first part of this two-part paper derives a generic expression that describes how the noise and/or vibration are transmitted between two (or multiple) locations in the LCS's. An analysis via the Fourier series and Fourier transform (FT) plays a major role in deriving this expression that turns out to be transfer function dependent upon the cycle position of the system. The cyclic nature of the LCS' transfer functions is shown to generate a series of amplitude modulated input signals whose carrier frequencies are harmonic multiples of the LCS' fundamental frequency. Applicability of signal processing techniques used in the linear time-invariant systems (LTIS's to the general LCSs is also discussed. Then, a criterion is proposed to determine how well a LCS can be approximated as a LTIS. In Part II, experimental validation of the analyses carried out in Part I is provided.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1986

The problem of the formation of steady stream of flat bottom boundary is revisited by applying a progressive finite amplitude wave as an external flow. A solution for the boundary layer is found by expanding the boundary equation into double Fourier series. A vertical profile of the stream is obtained as a function of the ratio, h/L, where h and L are the water depth and the wave length. For the best applicable range of the external wave, it is shown that the boundary stream is independent of the fluid viscosity, but a function of the wave parameters and the water depth. The stream velocity of the steady boundary layer flow is proportional to the wave phase velocity and the square of the ratio, H/h, where His the wave height. The magnitude of the velocity is insignificant when h/L is greater than 1/5.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.72-76
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• 2011

We demonstrate a k-domain linearization using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography based on a wavelength swept laser. The k-domain linearization is carried out with an interpolation method using a FBG array with five FBGs. The measured signal-to-noise ratio from the point spread function after k-domain linearization is 12 dB improved over that of without k-domain linearization at the 1 mm depth of the sample. Clear OCT imaging of the slide glass with k-domain linearization could be obtained.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 1987

The hydrodynamic radiation forces acting on a ship travelling in waves have been conventionally treated by strip theories or by direct three dimensional approaches, most of which have been formulated in frequency domain. If the forward speed of a ship varies with time, or if its path is not a straight line, conventional frequency domain analysis can no more be used, and for these cases time domain analysis may be used. In this paper, formulations are made in time domain with applications to some problems the results of which are known in frequency domain. And the results of both domains are compared to show the characteristics and validity of time domain solutions. The radiation forces acting on a three dimensional body within the framework of a linear theory. If the linearity of entire system is assumed, radiation forces due to arbitrary ship motions can be expressed by the convolution integral of the arbitrary motion velocity and the so called impulse response function. Numerical calculations are done for some bodies of simple shapes and Series-60[$C_B=0.7$] ship model. For all cases, integral equation techniques with transient Green's function are used, and velocity or acceleration potentials are obtained as the solution of the integral equations. In liner systems, time domain solutions are related with frequency domain solutions by Fourier transform. Therefore time domain solutions are Fourier transformed by suitable relations and the results are compared with various frequency domain solutions, which show good agreements.