• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

In this paper, we divided domestic and foreign digital cultural activation policies into four types. We also described projects of each policy and analyzed the limitations of the policy. Finally, we suggested solutions to overcome these limitations. Changes in daily life caused by the recent development of 5G network technology, augmented reality, and virtual reality technology have brought many changes in the way of preservation and utilization of cultural heritage. In particular, digital technology is used for digitization of cultural heritage, storing, and managing digital data, digitally restoring cultural heritage, and enabling time, space, multi-sensory experiences. For this purpose, new policies was required to utilize this. This study divides domestic and international digital heritage policies into digital infrastructure construction, sharing and communication platform construction, public relations, and demonstration contents production support policies. This study is meaningful in classifying the fields of digital heritage policy and introducing digital heritage policy trends. It is also meaningful to suggest ways to improve digital heritage policies through analysis of domestic and foreign cases.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5A
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• pp.757-764
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• 2008

This paper was conducted to evaluate the durability of cement mortars exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulfate for up to 540 days. Three types of cement mortars, namely OPC, SRC and SGC, were exposed to four sodium sulfate solutions with concentrations of 4225, 8450, 16900 and 33800 ppm of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ ions at ambient temperature. The sulfate deterioration was evaluated by measuring compressive strength and linear expansion of mortar specimens. Experimental results indicated that the maximum deterioration was noted in OPC mortar specimens in highly concentrated sulfate solution. In particular, the $C_3A$ content in cements plays a critical role in resisting expansion due to sodium sulfate attack. Additionally, the beneficial effect of GGBS was clearly observed showing a superior resistance against sodium sulfate attack, because of its lower permeability. Another important observation was that the parameters for the evaluation of deterioration degree are greatly dependent on the products formed by sulfate attack.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.77-100
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to evaluate quality of the bibliographic records for DVDs owned by the domestic university libraries and to suggest how to improve the problems as a result of the evaluation. In order to conduct this study, the previous studies related to the topic were analyzed, and then, four regions of quality evaluation standard including accuracy of inputting, observance of regulations related to cataloging, perfection of expressions and consistency of structure were established. And the quality evaluation was made on total 100 records of the lists for DVDs from 10 university libraries. As a result, several types of errors were discovered in the quality evaluation and some solutions were suggested to improve quality of cataloging records for DVDs by interviewing with catalogers in the domestic university libraries.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.535-555
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to analyze how the context problems by prospective teachers are solved. In order to achieve this aim, this study examined the conceptual nature of context based on previous studies. I developed context problems about linear programming with reference to the results of the examination about the natural characterization of context. These problems were given to 44 prospective teachers and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data obtained from the written solutions by the participants. This study also developed the framework descriptors for this analysis in the light of the Mathematics Scoring Rubric from Illinois Department of Education(2005). The data was analyzed and interpreted in terms of this framework and the specific characteristics shown in the process of problem solving by the teachers were categorized into four types as a result.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.3 s.35
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• pp.319-329
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• 2005

Rapid business and technology changes drive many organizations to seek better solutions and many of them believe that Information Technology is an essential tool to cope with turbulent environment. Companies began to think ERP system as an effective alternative for IT-based process innovation and integrated information system. But each ERP system has a specific business model and technical structure, unlike in-house developed systems. Moreover implementation of ERP system accompanies transformation of business processes at company level including radical changes in information technology. Therefore, to implement ERP system successfully appropriate and careful selection of ERP system which is adequate for company's objectives and environment must be considered. In this research, four types of changes expected by ERP implementation were suggested. Each type of changes was determined by desired level of changes in business process and information technology.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.179-195
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• 2020

Purpose & Design/methodology/approach Amidst the COVID-19 spread, interest in telework has been increasing as a way to respond to environmental changes and improve organizational performance. In this study, causal loop diagram, thinking process, and four principles of TRIZ were used to find various ways to achieve work-life balance for workers and firms in teleworking environment. Findings The result of the causal loop diagram shows that keeping work-life balance is needed to provide free extra time for workers and achieve the firm's performance through efficient coordination between departments in teleworking environment. Using thinking process of TOC, we proposed a evaporating cloud for work-life balance and reviewed assumptions and premises to maintain extra free time for workers and achieve firm's performance paradoxically, and suggested solutions through the breakdown of the assumptions and premises. Resolving the contradiction(RC) by spatial separation is to divide working spaces into home, smart center, and mobile work types, to find both ways to achieve the organizational performance, and to provide extra time for workers. RC by temporal separation is to divide working time into various unit time, and to find ways to achieve organizational performance through doing work at office or home periodically or shiftly according to a predetermined schedule and time setting. RC by situational separation is to give options of flexible methods of performing work according to the conditions of the company or the worker. RC by separation between part and a whole is to find ways to organize and do the work so that the entire work can be completed efficiently even if each work is performed separately in teleworking way. This study is meaningful in that it provides basic thinking framework for achieving work-life balance in teleworking environment and proposes ways to resolve conflict from various perspectives, but it is limited in that it has not been tested empirically.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.389-400
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• 2008

As the wireless network technologies and the capability of the mobile terminals are evolving, advanced peer to peer applications for mobile users are attracting interests. In this paper, we propose the mobile P2P communication platform(MPCP) which provides transparency to the wireless network technologies and solutions to the limited resources of the mobile terminals. MPCP classifies the connection into two levels: a virtual channel and a session. A virtual channel is the network layer connection between the terminals whereas a session is the application layer connection. MPCP classifies the sessions into four types and applies different scheduling priority and data processing policies such as segmentation and reassembly. It selects proper wireless network technologies depending on the distance between the communication endpoints. To acquire dynamically changed access address, we harness the Session Initiation Protocol. We implemented MPCP on embedded Linux simulator and utilized the implementation in mobile P2P service development. For the quantitative analysis, we compared the performance of MPCP with that of ftp. Regardless of the number of simultaneous sessions, MPCP maintains the relative performance.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.60-69
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• 2008

The principal reasons for applying a pigment coating to paper are to improve appearance and printability. The pigment coating provides a surface that is more uniform and more receptive to printing ink than are the uncoated fibers and, in turn, both facilitates the printing process and enhances the graphic reproduction. The improvement in print quality is readily apparent, especially in image areas or when multiple colors are involved. Although pigment coating of paper is to improve the printability, coated paper is not completely free from printing defects. Actually there are a number printing defects that are observed only with the coated papers. Among the printing defects that are commonly observed for coated papers, print mottle during multi-color offset printing is one of the most concerned defects, and it appears not only on solid tone area but also half dot print area. There are four main causes of print mottle ranging from printing inks, dampening solution, paper, and printing press or its operation. These indicates that almost every factors associated with lithographic printing can cause print mottle. Among these variation of paper quality influences most significantly on print mottle problems in multicolor offset printing, and this indicates that paper is most often to be blamed for its product deficiency as far as print mottle problems are concerned. Furthermore, most of the print mottle problems associated with paper is observed when coated papers are printed. Uncoated papers rarely show mottling problems. This indicates that print mottle is the most serious quality problems of coated paper products. Overcoming the print mottle is becoming more difficult because the operating speeds of coating and printing machines are increasing, coating weights are decreasing, and the demands on high-quality printing are increasing. Print mottle in offset printing is caused by (a) nonuniform back trap of ink caused by a nonuniform rate of ink drying, referred as "back trap mottle, and (b) nonuniform absorption of the dampening solution. Furthermore, both forms of print mottle have some relationship to the structure of the coated layer. The surest way of eliminating ink mottling is to eliminate unevenness in the base paper. Coating solutions, often easier to put into practice, should, however, be considered. In this paper the principal factors influencing print mottle of coated papers will be discussed. Especially the importance of base paper roughness, binder migration, even consolidation of coating layers, control of the drying rate, types of binders, etc. will be described.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2021

Heavy metals exist in soils in various chemical forms including free metal ions and organo-metal complexes. The ratio of free metal ions has been known to be highly associated with the plant absorption of heavy metals. This study aims to understand the effect of free ions and organo-metal complexes on the absorption of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) by plants. For this, lettuce grown in a hydroponic system for 28 days was consequently grown another 48 hours using Pb and Cd solutions. The ratios of free ion to organo-metal complexes in the solutions were adjusted at 100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 60:40 by four different organic acids (citric, oxalic, acetic, and humic acid). After that, the concentration of Pb and Cd in lettuce were analyzed. The Pb and Cd absorption by lettuce was more relied on the types of organic acids treated and the type of metals rather than the ratio of free metal ions. For example, citric acid increased the Pb absorption while it decreased the Cd absorption by lettuce. There was no significant relationship between free metal ion ratios and both Pb and Cd uptake by lettuce. It could be explained that citric acid, a relatively higher molecular weight organic acid, has higher ion binding capacity, so it forms organo-Pb complex easily due to the higher affinity of Pb on the binding site in comparison with Cd. Consequently, this complexation would assist Pb uptake by lettuce.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.287-292
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• 2021

Load and resistance factor design is an efficient design approach that provides a system of consistent design solutions. This study aims to determine the load and resistance factors needed for the design of breakwater foundations within a probabilistic framework. In the study, four typical types of Korean breakwaters, namely, rubble mound breakwaters, vertical composite caisson breakwaters, perforated caisson breakwaters, and horizontal composite breakwaters, are investigated. The bearing capacity of breakwater foundations under wave loading conditions is thoroughly examined. Two levels of the target reliability index (RI) of 2.5 and 3.0 are selected to implement the load and resistance factors calibration using Monte Carlo simulations with 100,000 cycles. The normalized resistance factors are found to be lower for the higher target RI as expected. Their ranges are from 0.668 to 0.687 for the target RI of 2.5 and from 0.576 to 0.634 for the target RI of 3.0.