• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of power and empowerment, self-efficacy of dental hygienists. Date were obtained from 203 dental hygienists who were working at dental clinics, hospitals located in Seoul. The results were analyzed with spsswin 12.0 and the conclusion is as follows: 1. The level of dental hygienists formal power was 3.19, informal power was 3.41, empowerment was 3.12, self-efficacy was 3.67. 2. Formal power showed significant a positive correlation with informal power and informal power showed significant a positive correlation with empowerment 3. According to the position, there were significant differences in formal power(pE0.05). 4. According to the working place, age, experienced-years, position, marriage and turnover experience there were significant differences in informal power(pE0.05). S. According to the working place, position, and marriage there were significant differences in empowerment(pE0.05). 6. According to the age, experienced-years, position, marriage and turnover experience there were significant differences in self-efficacy(pE0.05). 7. Informal power and information structure accounted significantly for the self-efficacy.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.623-633
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• 2001

In this note we study the prime radicals of formal power series rings, and the shapes of them under the condition that the prime radical is nilpotent. Furthermore we observe the condition structurally, adding related examples to the situations that occur naturally in the process.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.699-709
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• 2016

Our paper is devoted to the study of certain diophantine equations on the ring of polynomials over a finite field, which are intimately related to algebraic formal power series which have partial quotients of unbounded degree in their continued fraction expansion. In particular it is shown that there are Pisot formal power series with degree greater than 2, having infinitely many large partial quotients in their simple continued fraction expansions. This generalizes an earlier result of Baum and Sweet for algebraic formal power series.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

We introduce formal symbols of product type, of zero class, and of minimum type and show that the formal power series representations for $e^p$ and $e^q$ are formal symbols of product type giving the same pseudodifferential operator, where p and q are formal symbols of minimum type and p - q is of zero class.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

We introduce formal symbols of product type and of minimum type and show that the formal power series representation for $e^p$ is a formal symbol of product type, where p is a formal symbol of minimum type.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.537-548
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• 2000

The requirement of ultra high reliability of the safety critical software can not be demonstrated by testing alone. The specification based on formal method is recommended for safety system software. But there exist various kinds of formal methods, and this variety of formal method is recognized as an obstacle to the wide use of formal method. In this paper six different formal method have been applied to the same part of the functional requirements that is calculation algorithm intensive. The specification results were compared against the criteria that is derived from the characteristics that good software requirements specifications should have and regulatory body recommends to have. The application experience shows that the critical characteristics should be defined first, then appropriate method has to be selected. In our case, the Software Cost Reduction method was recommended for internal condition or calculation algorithm checking, and statechart method is recommended for the external behavioral description.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to analyze effects of the power and empowerment on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study was based on the Kanter's theory of organizational empowerment. Method: A predictive, non-experimental design was used to test the model in a sample of 688 nurses working in 7 university hospitals that have over 500 beds in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kangwon provinces. The data were collected from December, 2003 to January, 2004. It was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation of SPSS and with path analysis of LISREL. Result: The formal and informal power had direct effects on empowerment. Formal power also had direct effects on informal power. Empowerment had direct effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Organizational commitment had direct effects on job satisfaction. There was positive effects in all of the variables. Conclusion: The positive changes show on personal behaviors and attitudes when the nurses who have formal and informal power are empowered. These findings would be important resource to nurse administrators for clinical implication.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2016

The utility of exponential generating functions is that they are relevant for combinatorial problems involving sets and subsets. Sequences of polynomials play a fundamental role in applied mathematics, such sequences can be described using the exponential generating functions. The actuarial polynomials ${\alpha}^{({\beta})}_n(x)$, n = 0, 1, 2, ${\cdots}$, which was suggested by Toscano, have the following exponential generating function: $${\limits\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}}{\frac{{\alpha}^{({\beta})}_n(x)}{n!}}t^n={\exp}({\beta}t+x(1-e^t))$$. A linear functional on polynomial space can be identified with a formal power series. The set of formal power series is usually given the structure of an algebra under formal addition and multiplication. This algebra structure, the additive part of which agree with the vector space structure on the space of linear functionals, which is transferred from the space of the linear functionals. The algebra so obtained is called the umbral algebra, and the umbral calculus is the study of this algebra. In this paper, we investigate some umbral representations in the actuarial polynomials.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.750-759
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• 2004

원자력 발전소의 디지털 제어 시스템에 적용되는 소프트웨어는 안전성이 중요시되는 safety-critical 소프트웨어로, 충분한 수준의 안전성을 보장하기 위해서 여러 기법들이 적용되고 있다. 특히, 정형명세 기법은 개발의 초기 단계에서 소프트웨어 요구 사항들을 명확하고 완전하게 명세 하도록 유도함으로써 안전성을 크게 향상시킬 수 있는 기법으로 인정받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 원자력 발전소 디지털 제어 시스템 소프트웨어의 요구 사항 명세에 적합하도록 개발된 정형명세 기법인 NuSCR을 논의한다. 또한, 개발된 NuSCR의 적용성을 검토하기 위해, 현재 KNICS 사업단에서 개발중인 발전소보호계통 소프트웨어의 요구사항을 정형 명세 한 경험을 소개하고 있다. 또한, 원자력 도매인에 특화된 정형명세 기법인 NuSCR의 우수성도 실례를 들어 설명하고 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.929-938
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• 2012

The Computerized Procedure System (CPS) is one of the primary operating support systems in the digital Main Control Room. The CPS displays procedure on the computer screen in the form of a flow chart, and displays plant operating information along with procedure instructions. It also supports operator decision making by providing a system decision. A procedure flow should be correct and reliable, as an error would lead to operator misjudgment and inadequate control. In this paper we present a modeling for the CPS that enables formal verification based on Petri nets. The proposed State Token Petri Nets (STPN) also support modeling of a procedure flow that has various interruptions by the operator, according to the plant condition. STPN modeling is compared with Coloured Petri net when they are applied to Emergency Operating Computerized Procedure. A converting program for Computerized Procedure (CP) to STPN has been also developed. The formal verification and validation methods of CP with STPN increase the safety of a nuclear power plant and provide digital quality assurance means that are needed when the role and function of the CPS is increasing.