• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2021

Purpose: This study identified the planning trends for formal and informal learning spaces in the college of medicine through literature reviews. And then, by the analysis of the actual condition of existing domestic facilities, It was organized the architectural planning baseline data and future directions for the formal and informal learning spaces in the college of medicine. Methods: This study was conducted using literature reviews on the existing medical education method and learning space planning. Subsequently on-site surveys and questionnaires were conducted at existing facilities. Results: In the past, learning space of the college of medicine was considered only a formal learning space such lecture rooms, labs. But lately it has been turned into a total learning concept that embraces shared learning spaces such as libraries, student spaces, amenities and common spaces such as lobbies and hallways. ① Formal learning spaces are composed of teaching and practice areas. Since It is the basic functions that comprise the college of medicine, this paper conducted a functional analysis based on the current operating system of the College of Medicine and provided baseline data on architectural planning such as function, layout, zoning, and detailed planning. ② The informal learning sharing space was divided into a library area and a student well-being and convenience area to analyze the real conditions of domestic medical college. In addition, by comparing the trends and differences in foreign medical colleges identified by literature analysis, this paper summarizes the need to revitalize informal learning spaces and their integration into formal learning spaces, architectural planning considerations, etc. Implications: the evolution of the learning method and the flexibility of the learning space bring about changes in the learning space.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2021

Background: While the formal test has been used to provide a quantitative measurement of core stability, studies have reported inconsistent results regarding its test-retest and intraobserver reliabilities. Furthermore, the validity of the formal test has never been established. Objects: This study aimed to establish the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the formal test. Methods: Twenty-two young adults with and without core instability (23.1 ± 2.0 years) were recruited. Concurrent validity was determined by comparing the muscle thickness changes of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominal muscle to changes in core stability pressure during the formal test using ultrasound (US) imaging and pressure biofeedback, respectively. For the test-retest reliability, muscle thickness and pressure changes were repeatedly measured approximately 24 hours apart. Electromyography (EMG) was used to monitor trunk muscle activity during the formal test. Results: The Pearson's correlation analysis showed an excellent correlation between transverse abdominal thickness and pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) pressure as well as internal oblique thickness and PBU pressure, ranging from r = 0.856-0.980, p < 0.05. The test-retest reliability was good, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1,2) = 0.876 for the core stability pressure measure and ICC1,2 = 0.939 to 0.989 for the abdominal muscle thickness measure. Conclusion: Our results provide clinical evidence that the formal test is valid and reliable, when concurrently incorporated into EMG and US measurements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.318-335
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• 2003

Expert judgment is frequently employed in the search for the solution to various engineering and decision-making problems where relevant data is not sufficient or where there is little consensus as to the correct models to apply. When expert judgments are required to solve the underlying problem, our main concern is how to formally derive their technical expertise and their personal degree of familiarity about the related questions. Formal methods for gathering judgments from experts and assessing the effects of the judgments on the results of the analysis have been developed in a variety of ways. The most important interest of such methods is to establish the robustness of an expert's knowledge upon which the elicitation of judgments is made and an effective trace of the elicitation process as possible as one can. While the resultant expert judgments can remain to a large extent substantiated with formal elicitation methods, their applicability however is often limited due to restriction of available resources (e.g., time, budget, and number of qualified experts, etc) as well as a scope of the analysis. For this reason, many engineering and decision-making problems have not always performed with a formal/structured pattern, but rather relied on a pertinent transition of the formal process to the simplified approach. The purpose of this paper is (a) to address some insights into the balanced use of formally structured and simplified approaches for the explicit use of expert judgments under resource constraints and (b) to discuss related decision-theoretic issues.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2021

강화학습은 한 환경에서 에이전트가 정책에 따라 액션을 취하고 보상 함수를 통해 액션을 평가 및 정책 최적화 과정을 반복하는 Closed-Loop 구조로 이루어진 알고리즘이다. 이러한 강화학습의 주요 장점은 액션의 품질을 평가하고 정책을 지속적으로 최적화 하는 것이다. 따라서, 강화학습은 지능형 시스템, 자율제어 시스템 개발에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. 기존의 강화학습은, 단일 정책, 단일 보상함수 및 비교적 단순한 정책 업데이트 기법을 제한적인 문제에 대해 제시하고 적용하였다. 본 논문에서는 구성요소의 복수성을 지원하는 확장된 강화학습 모델을 제안한다. 제안되는 확정 강화학습의 주요 구성 요소들을 정의하고, 그들의 컴퓨팅 모델을 포함하는 정형 모델을 제시한다. 또한, 이 정형모델을 기반으로 시스템 개발을 위한 설계 기법을 제시한다. 제안한 모델을 기반으로 자율 최적화 자동차 내비게이터 시스템에 적용 및 실험을 진행한다. 제시된 정형 모델과 설계 기법을 적용한 사례연구로, 복수의 자동차들이 최적 목적지에 단 시간에 도착할 수 있는 진화된 내비게이터 시스템 설계 및 구현을 진행한다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2005년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.32 No.2 (1)
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• pp.91-93
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• 2005

무선주파수 식별자(RFID: Radio Frequency Identification)의 연구에 있어 보안에 관한 부분은 학계 및 개발자들에게 중요한 부분이다. 특히 기술적인 이슈인 개체인중을 통한 데이터의 보안은 아직도 신뢰성을 얻지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 RFID 기반 네트워크 시스템의 취약성을 분석하고 정형적 방법론의 적용사례를 통해 적용가능성을 타진해 보고자 한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.1823-1827
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• 1991

The problem regarding nonlinear systems has come to occupy an important position. In order to solve a nonlinear problem we have methods of linearization which are developed through linear approximation to adapt linear system theories. In this paper we present a formal linearization of nonlinear systems based on the discrete-Fourier transform (D.F.T.).

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.553-557
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• 2013

Roof and exterior wall are designed and constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of water within the wall and roof assembly in the formal building. However, in a freeform building there is no clear distinction between exterior wall and roof. In other words, the exterior walls and roof systems of the freeform building are integrated as a surface, unlike the formal building envelope. Therefore, freeform architecture needs a systemized envelope design method to perform functions of exterior wall and roof. However, in many cases, construction methods for roof and exterior wall are applied to freeform buildings without necessary alterations, which lead to incomplete design, leakage, cracks and other problems. Freeform architecture is thus designed and constructed differently from formal buildings. In order to more easily and inexpensively actualize freeform architecture, Building Information Modeling (hereinafter referred to as BIM) has recently been applied in the construction industry. The studies and case analysis are not sufficient to identify the implications and contributions of freeform buildings in future similar projects. Therefore, this research will study design and construction methods for freeform surfaces. This study attempts to analyze the pros and cons of each method for the concrete surface frame, and then presents the panel options for envelope system of the freeform architecture.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.91-106
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• 2008

Interviews with 24 pupils in grade 1-2 were used to investigate awareness of the relation between situation and computation in simple quotitive and partitive division problems as informally experienced. Then it was suggested how to connect children's informal knowledge and formal knowledge of division. Most subjects counted cubes or made drawing, and related these methods to the situation described in the problems. In result, quotitive division was experienced as a dealing situation, where the number of items represented by the divisor was repeatedly taken from the whole number. And estimate-adjust was the most frequently displayed way of experiencing partitive division. Therefore, partitive division with its two measurement variables can be related to a measurement model. And children should be taught column algorithms for division with estimated-adjust which pupils used for partitive division problems.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제30권3_4호
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• pp.202-211
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• 2003

객체지향 방법론에서 정적 및 동적 모델에 관한 구문(Syntax)과 의미론(Semantics)의 형식적 정의는 잘 이루어 졌으나 객체 상호작용의 행위에 대한 형식론은 아직까지 제시되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 객체 상호작용을 묘사하는 UML의 순서(Sequence) 다이어그램을 토대로 프로세스 대수를 사용하여 객체 상호작용을 정의하고 객체 상호작용의 특성을 정규화 시킨다. 이러한 결과는 M. Snoeck과 G. Dedene[9]가 제시한 종속존재 관계의 개념을 상호작용 관계의 개념으로 대체하여 형식론을 전개할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2004

소프트웨어 명세는 비정형, 반 정형, 정형 기법이 존재한다. 이 중 정형 기법은 수학적인 이론을 바탕으로 명세의 모호성, 애매성, 불완전성을 제거하는데 효율적으로 사용되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 Z 정형명세로부터 EJB의 자바 소스코드 까지의 구현 단계를 제안하였다. 또한, 사례 연구로 Stack을 명세하고 EJB 컴포넌트를 구현하는 단계를 제시하였다. 결론적으로 Z의 명세는 스키마의 분류, 인터페이스의 정의, Post-condition과 Pre-condition의 정의 단계를 거치고 정제를 통해서 EBJ의 인터페이스, 예외 클래스, 메소드 구현에 사용할 수 있음을 보였다.