• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.108 no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the synthetic forest road network by calculating the optimal road density and layout of the forest road network in order to construct the systematic road network in the forested area. For this, five comparative routes were additionally planed and compared through evaluation indicators. As a result, the optimum road density of the study site was estimated to be 18.4 m/ha, and the synthetic forest road network was the best in the four indicators such as average skidding distance, standard deviation of skidding distance, development index, and circuity factor. In addition, the synthetic forest road network was comparable to the main road network by about 4 %p in the timber volume available and potential area size for logging, but the construction cost of the road was about 20 %p lower. It showed a synthetic forest road network was better in terms of economy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2002

The application method of GIS for planning of forest road network can be save the efforts and cost by frequently change of forest road and evaluation the forest road route before construction. The purpose of this study is to suggest the proper method for planning an optimal forest road network in mountains forest using geographic information system(GIS) in the national forest of Mt. Kumsan at Namhae-gun, Gyungsangnam-do. In the forest road network planning by the minimum longitudinal gradient, The total length was 20.41km, and road density was 6.92m/ha. In the forest road network planning by mixed with the minimum longitudinal gradient and the maximization of investment effect, The total length was 21.15km, and road density was higher than that of the minimum longitudinal gradient as 7.17m/ha. The road length overlapped by cost path was more short than 3.52m/ha of the minimum longitudinal gradient as 1.73km. So, it appeared that forest road has an high effectiveness in yarding function. Therefore, it considered that the geographic information system could provide an effective and resonable solutions for planning of optimal forest road network.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.105 no.1
• /
• pp.115-121
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to provide the basic policy information for establishing efficient forest-road networks. Synthetic forest-road networks that consist of main and spur roads and forest-road networks with only main road (hereafter called "main-road network") were planned for the five forest-road experimental districts of Korea Forest Service in this study. Road density of the synthetic forest-road networks was calculated and compared with the road density of the main-road networks. The results showed that the optimum road density of the synthetic forest-road networks was 10.1~15.9 m/ha, and the road density of the main-road networks was 8.4~12.4 m/ha. The construction cost of the synthetic forest-road networks was estimated about 1~8% lower than the main-road networks, while the road density was 20~30% greater than the main-road networks. As timber volume and hauling cost increased, the optimum road density of the synthetic forest-road networks increased, within which the road density of highstandard main road rapidly increased. On the other hand, the spur road density increased with slope gradient.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2001

This study was carried out to provide fundamental data for prospective forest-road project and forest-road network arrangement through appraising existing forest-road network with density, extension distance, maximum yarding distance and yarding area, position of forest-road line considered above foundation of two theories, one is "theory of optimal forest-road density" which has expense for yarding cost and constructing forest-road minimized, the other is "theory of optimal forest-road arrangement" which has investment effect maximized. The results are as follows. 1. In density and extension distance of the forest-road by site, it was showed up that density of existing forest-road is lower than that of calculated forest-road. So, it is thought that some additional forest-roads have to be constructed. 2. In the arrangement of the forest-road network by site, it was showed up that the arrangement of calculated forest-road is higher than that of existing forest-road arrangement for the forestry and yarding function. So, it is thought that the arrangement of forest-road network have to be considered to maximize the investment effect. 3. In "mean maximum distance for yarding" and "mean area which yarding can be done" by horizontal and inclined distance, the existing forest-road networks were different from those of calculated forest-road network. So, calculated forest-road network making investment effect maximize is more effective than existing forest-road network. Hence, in prospective forest-road project, it is needed that forest-road network having "area which yarding can be done" maximized through considering function for yarding have to be constructed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.90 no.4
• /
• pp.420-430
• /
• 2001

The object of this study is to develop a computer program for the arrangement of the forest-road network maximizing the investment effect in forest-road construction with factors such as terrains, forest physiognomy, management plan, logging system, cost of forest-road construction, capacity of inputted labour, capacity of timber production and so on. The operating system developed by this study is Korean Windows 95/98 and Microsoft Visual Basic ver. 5.0. User interface was designed as systematic structure, it is presented as a kind of GUI(graphic user interface). The developed program has result of the most suitable forest-road arrangement, has suitable forest-road density calculated with cost of logging, cost of forest-road construction, diversion ratio of forest-road, cost of walking in forest. And the most suitable forest-road arrangement was designed for forest-road arrangement network which maximized investment effect through minimizing the sum of cost of logging and cost of forest-road construction. Input data were divided into map data and control data. Digital terrain model, division of forest-road layout plan, division of forest function and the existing road network are obtained from map data. on the other hand, cost of logging related terrain division, diversion ratio of forest-road and working road, cost of forest-road construction, cost of walking, cost of labor, walking speed, capacity of inputted labor, capacity of timber production and total distance of forest-road are inputted from control data. And map data was designed to be inputted by mesh method for common matrix. This program can be used to construct a new forest-road or vice forest-road which compensate already existing forest-road for the functional forestry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.105 no.4
• /
• pp.456-462
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of forest road network on accessibility and cost reduction for forest operations before and after forest road construction by investigating harvesting operations in 5 regional Forest Services (8 management planning districts). The results showed that the accessible operation area within 500 m from forest roads or public roads increased about 3.5 times after the forest road construction. The average cost reduction was 308,000 won/km/year. According to the results, forest road had a great effect on improvement of accessibility and reduction effect of forest operation cost. Therefore, the policy for expansion of forest road should be continued for preparing of effective harvesting system.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.11 no.1 s.24
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2003

This study was aimed at suggest a proper planning method to select a optimal forest road network in mountains forest using GIS(Geographic Information System). To examine the field applicability, the method was applied to the National Forest at Mt. Kumsan in Namhae-gun, Gyungsangnam-do. The main results from altogether six alternative road route plans were derived from these criteria obtained the alternative route plan No.2 has two layout criteria, longitudinal gradient and earth work volume, and it showed similar pattern of existing forest road network which was designed mainly ground slope and longitudinal gradient. The alternative route plan No.6 has four criteria, longitudinal gradient, earth work volume, investment effect and landscape impact. It was different for the lowest forest road density among the alternatives and the pattern of the forest road layout was radial form, which was also quite different to other alternatives. For optimal forest road network planning, GIS provide the efficient and resonable solutions for decision making to provide the support for evaluation about various alternative road networks. If detailed inventory and relevant data are provided and also clear and objective indicators for evaluations are set up, it could be applied to preliminary analysis and detail planning stage to prevent undesirable effect such the land slide and soil erosion due to inadequate planning for forest road network.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.106 no.3
• /
• pp.300-309
• /
• 2017

The productivity, cost, and optimal forest road network density for tree-length yarding with K301-4 and HAM300 tower yarders were analyzed. The results showed that productivity decreased as the yarding distance increased. The productivity of the K301-4 was greater than that of the HAM300 as the maximum yarding distance was longer than 34 m. This difference increased as the load volume increased. As the K301-4 yarder had a higher purchase price and it took more time to set up compared to the HAM300, the HAM300 was cost effective. Therefore, in oder to introduce tower yarders to reduce operational cost, it is effective to increase the load volume during operations and to utilize the road network repeatedly for a long period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.4
• /
• pp.615-621
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to analyze accessibility and reduction effect of forest operations cost before and after forest road construction based on actual silvicultural operations in 5 regional forest service(8 management planning district) where forest operations was enacted consistently. The result show the accessibility and the reduction effect of the operation cost, the accessibility of forest operation area within 500 m from forest road or public road increased about 3.2 times after the forest road construction. The reduction effect of the operation cost was averagely 576,000 won/km/year. According to the results, forest road had an effect on improvement of accessibility and reduction effect of forest operation cost. This result could be offered basic information to support policy of forest road expansion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.81 no.4
• /
• pp.363-371
• /
• 1992

This study was aimed at developing a computer model to determine rational road networks in mountainous forests. The computer model is composed of two major subroutines for digital terrain analyses and route selection. The digital terrain model(DTM) provides various information on topographic and vegetative characteristics of forest stands. The DTM also evaluates the effectiveness of road construction based on slope gradients. Using the results of digital terrain analyses, the route selection subroutine, heuristically, determines the optimal road layout satisfying the predefined road densities. The route selection subroutine uses the area-partitioning method in order to fully of roads. This method leads to unbiased road layouts in forest areas. The size of the unit partitiones area can be calculated as a function of the predefined road density. In addition, the user-defined road density of the area-partitioning method provides flexibility in applying the model to real situations. The rational road network can be easily achived for varying road densities, which would be an essential element for network design of forest roads. The optimality conditions are evaluated in conjuction with longitudinal gradients, investment efficiency earthwork quantity or the mixed criteria of these three. The performance of the model was measured and, then, compared with those of conventional ones in terns of average skidding distance, accessibility of stands, development index and circulated road network index. The results of the performance analysis indicate that selection of roading routes for network design using the digital terrain analysis and the area-partitioning method improves performance of the network design medel.