• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2007

This study aims to clarify the effect of forest management practices(thinning and pruning) on soil physical properties and water quality to get the fundamental information on the facility of purifying water quality after forestry practices. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, soil and stream water were sampled at the study site which consists of Pinus rigida in Jinju National University Experimental Forest for 4 years from Mar. 1, 2002 to Nov. 30, 2006. Averaged tree height of the management site increased by 1.6m, compared to the value of the non-management site in Pinus rigida. Increment of averaged D. B. H. at the management site showed 4.2cm more in Pinus rigida compared with that at non-management sites. Mesopore ratios (pF2.7) and total porosities of A layer soil at the management site increased more than those at the non-management sites in both stands. Otherwise, soil bulk density resulted in being reversely. Water qualities of throughfall, stemflow and buffered soil water were influenced more positively by the management practice. The average electrical conductivity of stream water was $32.9{\mu}S/cm$ within the range of non-polluted stream water.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2014

There are very few studies about soil chemical and biological properties under tropical dry evergreen forest Coromandel Coast, India. The present study was conducted in six tropical dry evergreen forests sites such as Oorani, Puthupet, Vadaagram, Kotthatai, Sendrakillai and Palvathunnan. We measured the quantity of soil chemical, biological properties and selected soil microorganisms for investigating the impacts of soil microbial populations on soil chemical and biological properties. The result showed that total N, P, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, exchangeable K, Olson P, extractable Ca and phosphobacterial population were higher in the soil from Kothattai forest site. Organic carbon, total Mg, extractable Na, soil respiration, ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity, bacterial population, fungi population and actinomycetes population were higher in the soil from Palvathunn forest site. Total K, $NH_4{^+}$-N, $NO_3{^-}$-N, exchangeable K, extractable Ca, extractable Na, azotobacter population, bacillus population and rhizobacteria population were higher in the soil from Sendrakillai. Beijerinckia population, rhizobacteria and soluble sodium were higher in Puthupet forest soil. Total Si, total Na and exchangeable K were higher in soil from Oorani forest site. Total Mo and exchangeable K were higher in the soil from Vadaagaram forest site. The results showed that organic carbon, total N, $NH_4{^+}$-N, $NO_3{^-}$-N, extractable P, extractable Ca, soil respiration and ${\beta}$-glucosidase were significantly correlated with soil microbial populations. Therefore soil microorganisms are important factor for maintaining soil quality in tropical dry evergreen forest.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.163-163
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• 2003

The study area, Kwangneung Experiment Forest (KEF) is located on the west-central portion of Korean peninsula and belongs to a cool-temperate broadleaved forest zone. At the old-growth deciduous forest near Soribong-peak (533.1m) in KEF, we have established a permanent plot and a flux tower, and the site was registered as a KLTER site and also a KoFlux site. In this study, we aimed to present basic ecological characteristics and synthetic data of carbon budgets and flows, and some monitoring data which are essential for providing important parameters and validation data for the forest dynamics models or biogeochemical dynamics models to predict or interpolate spatially the changes in forest ecosystem structure and function. We made a stemmap of trees in 1 ha plot and analyzed forest stand structure and physical and chemical soil characteristics, and estimated carbon budgets by forest components (tree biomass, soils, litter and so on). Dominant tree species were Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora, and accompanied by Q. aliena, Carpinus cordata, and so on. As a result of a field survey of the plot, density of the trees larger than 2cm in DBH was 1,473 trees per ha, total biomass 261.2 tons/ha, and basal area 28.0 m2/ha. Parent rock type is granite gneiss. Soil type is brown forest soil (alfisols in USDA system), and the depth is from 38 to 66cm. Soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and its pH was from 4.2 to 5.0 in the surface layer, and from 4.8 to 5.2 in the subsurface layer. Seasonal changes in LAI were measured by hemispherical photography at the l.2m height, and the maximum was 3.65. And the spatial distributions of volumetric soil moisture contents and LAIs of the plot were measured. Litterfall was collected in circular littertraps (collecting area： 0.25m2) and mass loss rates and nutrient release patterns in decomposing litter were estimated using the litterbag technique employing 30cm30cm nylon bags with l.5mm mesh size. Total annual litterfall was 5,627 kg/ha/year and leaf litter accounted for 61% of the litterfall. The leaf litter quantity was highest in Quercus serrata, followed by Carpinus laxiflora and C. cordata, etc. Mass loss from decomposing leaf litter was more rapid in C. laxiflora and C. cordata than in Q. serrata litter. About 77% of C. laxiflora and 84% of C. cordata litter disappeared, while about 48% in Q. serrata litter lost over two years. The carbon pool in living tree biomass including below ground biomass was 136 tons C/ha, and 5.6 tons C/ha is stored in the litter layer, and about 92.0 tons C/ha in the soil to the 30cm in depth. Totally more than about 233.6 tons C/ha was stored in DK site. And then we have drawn a schematic diagram of carbon budgets and flows in each compartment of the KEF site.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

본 연구는 대나무 확산에 있어서 토양 성질이 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 매년 시비가 실시된 솜대 조림지와 미시비 확산지를 대상으로 바이오매스 부위별 양분 농도와 임상 및 토양 30 cm 깊이의 양분 특성을 비교하였다. 솜대 조림지의 잎, 가지, 줄기 내 질소와 인 농도는 확산지에 비해 유의적으로(P < 0.05) 높았으나, 임상의 양분 농도는 조림지와 확산지 사이에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 토양 0~30 cm 깊이의 평균 유기탄소는 조림지가 30.80 mg g-1으로 확산지 15.64 mg g-1에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 평균 전질소 농도의 경우 조림지 2.47 mg g-1, 확산지 1.24 mg g-1, 인은 조림지 10.27 mg kg-1, 확산지 5.61 mg kg-1, 포타슘은 조림지 0.27 cmolc kg-1, 확산지 0.16 cmolc kg-1로 조림지가 확산지에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 토양 양분 상태는 솜대의 인접 산림지역으로 확산에 큰 영향을 끼치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권3호
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• pp.300-306
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• 2007

본 연구는 산지사면에 시공되어 있는 사방댐내의 퇴사량에 영향을 미치는 산림환경 및 하천형태학적 인자를 분석하고 수량화이론(I)을 이용하여 예방적인 측면에서 사방댐의 시공 적지를 선정하고 예측하였다. 각 인자의 category별 상대점수를 262개 사방댐의 각종 인자에 반응시켜 사방댐의 시공적지를 예측할 수 있는 판정표를 개발하였고 또한 판정표를 이용하여 시공적지를 I급지(Very suitable site), II급지(Suitable site), III급지(Poor suitable site)로 구분하였다. 따라서 각종 산지재해로부터 예방적인 차원의 사방사업인 사방댐을 건설하고자 할 때 객관적인 지표가 될 수 있는 판정표를 이용하여 시공에 따른 타당성과 시공적지를 예측함으로서 주관적 판단에 의한 불합리성과 시공 후 적지로 판정되지 못할 경우 발생하는 막대한 예산낭비를 막을 수 있고 사방댐에 의한 토사조절을 극대화함으로서 산지사면에서 발생하는 각종 재해에 대한 피해를 최소화할 수 있어 산림유역 관리에 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

This study was conducted to establish a management plan for the Sangrim Woodlands restoration by analyzing the site characteristics of the Sangrim Woodlands Natural Monument(Natural Monument 154) in Hamyang-Gun, Gyoungsangnam-Do, Korea. Site preparation to enhance soil aeration should be applied because soil bulk density in all study sites was higher than soil compaction of natural forest soil area. Herbaceous plants could be introduced to hard soil strength for restoration of areas compacted by visitors. Also, visitors around forest areas should be restricted to enhance natural soil restoration. Soil pH in the Sangrim Woodlands was between 4.18 and 4.90. The values were lower than pH 5.34 of Korean forest soil originated from metamorphic parent materials. Lime fertilizer could be applied to reduce soil acidification in the woodlands. Short and long-term management plans such as periodical fertilizations to improve plant growth should be established to restore the Sangrim Woodlands which have high soil compaction, low soil pH and organic matter content.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2002

We present a planting plan of the buffer-forest belts created at the boundary area of the waste landfill site which is located in the coastal area of Kyubg-Gi province. In order to form a proper section of ground soil excavated from the sea and a forest which shows a distinction of the vegetation stratification, the planting plan with trees, sub-trees, shrubs, and seedlings (produced at a sprout cultivation place) is devised with an adjustment of planting density. 1. The preparation of mounding is required for planting at a waste landfill site. We first estimate an economical and efficient banking height together with the quantity of soil, and prepare a planting ground with excavated ground soil for the consideration of soil recycling. On the planting ground a banking with a height of 1.5-2m is produced by self-supported soil, playing a role in a salt blocking and an irritation layer of planting. Finally, an additional banking with a height of 2m is produced by qualified vegetation soil, forming a vegetation section with a total height of 6m. 2. Since the planning site is located in the border, the planting area is composed of two regions : one is an inclined face (slope 1 : 3) toward the inside of the landfill site and the other is an inclined face (slope 1 : 4) toward the inland. The buffer planting in the former (latter) region consists of wind break forest (mixed-landscape forest) within a width of less than 35m. 3. Based on the data obtained from the literatures and the investigation of local plants, we choose the 21 plant species (such as Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia, Albizzia julibrissin and etc.) and the additinal 7 species which are grown at a sprout cultivation palce of the SUDOKWON landfill site (Rosa rugosa, Quercus acutissima, Prunus armeniaca var. ansu., and etc.). Sub-trees with a height of above 2.5m and seedlings are planted with an interval of $1.5{\times}1.5m$ ($0.45roots/m^2$) and $0.5{\times}0.5m$ ($4roots/m^2$), respectively. Here, both trees exhibit communities planting with more than three rows. Shrubs are planted with $9-16roots/m^2$, depending on their size. Since this case study provides a reference of the planting beds as well as a planting plan at the SUDOKWON landfill site, it is not sufficient for the present plan to be utilized for the formation of buffer-forest belts which are used for the analysis of environmental factor and the reduction of environmental pollutants in the sea waste landfill site. Thus, further studies with the ecological basis are demanded for the environment planting restoration in the sea waste landfill site.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.246-258
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• 2012

Particulate matter deposited on leaf surfaces may cause erosion/abrasion of epicuticular wax and the malfunction of stomata. However, the deposition processes of particulate matter, such as elemental carbon (EC), has not been studied sufficiently in Asian forest ecosystems. Deposition processes for particulate ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and EC were studied in a Japanese cedar forest in Kajikawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and in a dry evergreen forest and a dry deciduous forest in Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. The ${SO_4}^{2-}$ fluxes attributed to rainfall outside the forest canopy (RF), throughfall (TF), and stemflow (SF) showed distinct seasonalities at both sites, increasing from November to February at the Kajikawa site and in March/April at the Sakaerat site. Seasonal west/northwest winds in winter may transport sulfur compounds across the Sea of Japan to the Kajikawa site. At the Sakaerat site, pollutants suspended in the air or dry deposits from the dry season might have been washed away by the first precipitations of the wet season. The EC fluxes from RF and TF showed similar variations by season at the Kajikawa site, while the flux from TF was frequently lower than that from RF at the Sakaerat site. Particulate matter strongly adsorbed onto leaf surfaces is not washed away by rainfall and contributes to the EC flux. At the Kajikawa site, Japanese cedar leaf surfaces accumulated the highest levels of particulate matter and could not be neglected when calculating the total flux. When such leaf-surface particles were considered, the contribution of dry deposition to the total EC flux was estimated to be 67%, 77%, and 82% at the Kajikawa site, and at the evergreen and deciduous forests of the Sakaerat site, respectively. Leaf-surface particles must be included when evaluating the dry and total fluxes of particulate matter, in particular for water-insoluble constituents such as EC.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권6호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2008

우리나라 주요 수종인 낙엽송 임분의 80개 표준지를 대상으로 산림토양의 이화학적 성질 13개 요인에 의하여 지위지수를 추정함으로써 조림예정지, 수종갱신지 등의 미립목지에 대한 낙엽송 임분의 적지를 파악하고자 하였다. 단계별 회귀분석법에 의한 지위지수 추정 결과와 임목생장과 토양의 이화학적 성질과의 관계를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 토양의 이화학적 성질이 지위지수 추정식에 미치는 영향으로 토양산도 및 전질소 인자는 대체적으로 정의상관으로 나타났으며, 유기물 및 유효인산은 부의 관계로 나타났다. 지위지수 추정식에서 인자별 기여도를 분석하기 위하여 표준편회귀계수를 구하여 기여도가 높은 인자를 분석한 바, 낙엽송 임분 토양 A층에서는 염기포화도, 양이온 치환용량, 모래, 치환성 칼슘, 치환성 마그네슘 인자 순으로, 낙엽송 임분 토양 B층에서는 치환성 칼슘, 염기포화도, 전질소, 유효인산, 점토 인자 순으로 나타났다. 한편 낙엽송 임분에서 토양 인자별 A, B층에서 공통적으로 기여도가 높은 인자는 치환성 칼슘과 염기포화도로 주로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 미립목지에서 낙엽송림의 적지를 판별하는데 그 활용가치 및 기대효과가 높을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 기존의 지위지수 추정식의 문제점을 보완하기 위해 수치 산림입지도에서 추출한 28개 입지환경 인자 중에서 몇 가지 인자만으로 구성된 최적의 조합에 의해 지역별 주요수종에 대한 지위지수 추정식을 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과에서 도출된 지위지수 추정식에서 채택된 수종별 입지환경 인자는 $4\~5$개로 소수이지만 추정식의 설명력을 나타내는 결정계수가 0.90 이상으로 높은 추정능력을 보였다 이와 같이 개발된 지역별$\cdot$수종별 지위지수 추정식에 대하여 권역별로 수집한 수종별 독립자료를 사용하여 모형의 평균 편의, 정도, 표준오차 등의 3가지 평가통계량에 근거한 검증결과 본 연구에서 도출된 지위지수 추정식의 실용성을 입증할 수 있었다. 지위지수 추정식의 검증결과를 보면 전반적으로 본 연구에서 개발된 수종별 지위지수 추정식의 평가통계량은 낮은 것으로 판명되어 실제 적용하는데는 문제가 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 지역별 주요 수종의 지위지수 추정식은 몇 가지의 입지환경 인자만으로도 지역별 특성을 고려한 수종별 지위지수를 추정할 수 있는 것으로 판명되어 앞으로 활용가치가 높을 것으로 평가된다 특히 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 수종별 적지판정과 이를 통한 산림의 경영 및 관리에 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 본 연구에서 개발된 지위지수 추정식과 산림입지도면의 데이터를 이용하면 지위지수 추정의 전산화가 가능할 것으로 판단되며, GIS 기법을 이용한 적지적수 선정 프로그램의 알고리즘에 수종별 적지분석을 위해 본 연구에서 조제한 지위지수 추정식을 적용하면 보다 정확한 의사결정이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 일부 수종에 대한 지위지수 추정식을 개발하였기 때문에 실제 적용에는 한계를 가지고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 앞으로 충분한 입지환경 인자에 대한 자료를 확보하여 다양한 수종에 지위지수 추정식을 개발하는 작업이 이루어져야 하며, 이를 통해 입지조건에 따른 적지적수 선정 문제를 해결하기 위한 노력을 지속해야 할 것이라고 생각된다.