• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.2 s.27
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• pp.9-19
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential soil loss and hazard zone by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) for preservation and management of land resources which is the base of ecosystem, and to grasp the relationship between RUSLE factors in the Nakdong River Basin. All thematic maps used in RUSLE are constructed through GIS and spatial analysis method derived from digital topographic maps, detailed soil maps, land-cover maps, and mean annual precipitation of 30 years collected respectively from National Geographic Information Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, and Ministry of Environment. The slope length of LS-factor that takes much times by the study area's wideness was calculated automatically through AML(Arc Macro Language) program developed by Van Remortel et al.(2001, 2003). The results are as follows; First, according to the soil loss estimation by the RUSLE, it shows that approximately 82% of the study area have relatively lower possibility of soil loss which is the 1 ton/ha in annual soil loss. While, 9.4% ($2,228km^2$) needed intensive and continuous management for soil loss. Because the amount of their annual soil loss was greater than 10 ton/ha that is optimum level suggested by Morgan(1995). For these areas, the author believe that a new approach which can minimize environmental impacts from soil loss through improvement of cultivation process and buffer forest zone should be applied. Second, according to the relationship between the RUSLE factors, topographical(LS-factor) and cover management(C-factor) conditions have a lot of influence on soil loss in case of the Nakdong River Basin. However, because of RUSLE factor's influence that affect to soil loss might be different based on the variety of spatial hierarchy and extent, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate factor's relationship in terms of spatial hierarchy and extent through field observations and further studies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.311-338
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• 2021

This study was investigated to find out the distribution of vascular flora and remarkable plants and its factors and management plan in the forest genetic resource reserve of Mt. Munsu, located in the DMZ and DMZ border area in Gimpo, Gyeonggi-do province. The survey was carried out 17 times from April 2019 to October 2020. First of all, in the forest genetic resource reserve of the Mt. Munsu, a total of 444 taxa in 95 families, 276 genera, 395 species, 13 subspecies, 33 varieties and 3 forms. This result was found to be about 9.09% of the total 4,881 taxa of vascular plants in Korea. In addition, endemic plants were classified as 6 taxa. Floristic special and rare plants were identified as 39 taxa and 3 taxa, respectively. Lastly, the invasive alien plants that appeared in Mt. Munsu of the forest genetic resource reserve were observed in 58 taxa. Moreover, the naturalization rate was 13.1% and the urbanization index was calculated to be 18.0%. As a result of comparing the vascular flora at the forest genetic resource reserve on Mt. Munsu identified in this study with previous studies, it was found the number of taxa was decreased compared to the previous studies, despite the fact that the recent survey section was wider and more varies routes were investigated. In particular, it was confirmed that the number of rare and endemic plants decreased significantly, and the number of invasive plants greatly spread to forest roads and hiking trails. Therefore, it is considered that the forest rest year system should be introduced for the conservation and management of native plants in the forest genetic resource reserve.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.443-453
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• 2015

In 1922, Hongneung forest was established to support the study of Korean forestry. Nowadays the forest also plays a role as urban forest which provides a green space for local people. This paper proposes the better management plan of Hongneung forest based on visitor monitoring. On-site surveys with a structured questionnaire were carried out from August to November in 2014 and total 750 data were analyzed. The survey results are as follows: 1) Visitors were inclusive of all age groups and most of them lived nearby Hongneung forest, 2) Visitors used the forest mainly for recreational purposes and recognized the forest as 'Green space' rather than 'experimental forest', 3) Visitors had great satisfaction from the forest visit and raised the necessity of more environment education and promotion of the program. Based on the results, the following solutions have been suggested: 1) Environment education will help visitors to raise awareness on the importance of Hongneung forest which plays a role as both experimental and urban forest, 2) Systematic visitor monitoring can contribute to efficient visitor management and administration of the areas. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish a visitor management system that enable to achieve a harmonization between nature conservation and recreational demands as well as to improve management of natural resource and service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 2011

In order to develop the indicators which evaluate the management effectiveness for the protected forest areas in Korea, candidate indicators were listed based on literature and experts interviews, then questionnaire survey on the experts were conducted. 5 elements of context, planning, input, process, output and outcome and 32 indicators were selected. Context element includes 6 indicators of 1) documentation and assessment of values; 2) documentation and assessment of threats, 3) influence of government policy, 4) related regulations, 5) community cooperation and 6) the structure of management organization. 6 indicators of Planning element were 1) the management objective, 2) protected area design, 3) protected area size and number, 4) representation, 5) standards and categories and 6) management planning. Input element of 3 indicators were 1) management staff, 2) funding, 3) establishment and application of information. Process element were consisted of 1) governance, 2) management guidelines, 3) human resource management, 4) law enforcement, 5) eco-management, 6) disaster management, 7) education program and 8) research and monitoring. The element of outputs and outcomes were 1) accomplishment of plan, 2) accomplishment of program, 3) private land management, 4) threats change, 5) biodiversity change, 6) ecosystem health and vitality, 7) impact on community, 8) international management level and 9) visitors' satisfaction and variation in civil compliant. It is recommended to have further research on evaluation methods development by applying those above developed indicators for the protected forest areas to ensure the practicality of the indicators.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.2 s.23
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• pp.107-107
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• 2004

In this paper we have introduced some results of study on stand growth pattern and stand structure of larch forest which are located in selected forest sites of Khangai and Gobi-Altai mountain ranges of Mongolia. Our investigations showed that growth intensity and stand structure in western Mongolia are very specific from the other forest vegetation zones of Mongolia. Studies on the stand structure and growth trend indicate that tree types of stand structure and different types of growth of Larix sibrica are very common in Western Mongolia. These peculiarities of stand structure and growth of larch stands in Western Monolia could be used for inventory work and an improvement of the forest management in Western Mongolian region. The larch tree is the dominant tree species in Western Mogolia. Forest cover of the region is about 15%, which is two times higher than the country's average. In this region forest area is divided into 4 forest sub-regions: the Central Khangai, Western Khangai, North Eastern Khangai and South Easterun Khangai sub-regions including taiga, pseudo taiga, sub taiga, sub-alpine and forest steppe belts. Silviculture practices and forest research management request to study forest growth trends in local and general conditions, which means to indicate a change of taxonomic characteristics of stand from time to time including diameter, height, basal area, growth stock etc. The forest management practice mostly uses tables of forest growth and yield based on the results of long term research on forest growth. Forest yield tables and other relevant forest standards of Russia are used for the forest inventory and forest management. They are not able to determine forest structure and growth peculiatities of Mongolian forests. Studies on forest resource assessment in Mongolia indicate that after logging operations and forest fires the natural regeneration of desired species such as pine and larch often does not succeed. This situation forces to take a different approach of forest management and silviculture practice depending on the stand structure and growth rate of the forest stands. According to our investigation in last years, forest growth pattern of larch forest depends mostly on stand structure, stand age and growth condition including forest soil, climate and location in different slopes. Due to improve environmental function of forest ecosystem in the region, it is needed to conduct very comprehensive study of high mountain forest ecosystem in selected sub-regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1989

The Forest Planning Model(FORPLAN) is a conceptually complex model which has been designated as the "primary analysis tool for forest planning" for all American National Forests. This paper defines eight FORPLAN components and shows the three model design frameworks that can be represented in FORPLAN version 1 and version 2.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2020

In this study we quantified the long-term change in discharge against precipitation in a forested watershed and investigated how the growth of forest trees influences these changes. We found a proportional relationship between precipitation and discharge for each year, and discharge decreased gradually with time. Precipitation and discharge were highest in July and August, and the changes in precipitation, discharge, and runoff rate did not always coincide, given that high runoff rate was shown in August and September. The monthly coefficient of variation (CV) for discharge was larger than that for precipitation, and the deviation between precipitation and discharge increased gradually. From 2011 to 2017, the gradient of the trend line for the change of total discharge and direct runoff against precipitation decreased, whereas the gradient of the base flow increased in this same time period. A possible explanation is that the water holding capacity of soil deposits increased as the forest soil of the Palgong Mountain watershed developed and the increase of base flow rose with groundwater level together with that of outflow quantity. The coefficient of flood recession was lower in the period 2011 to 2017 than in 2003 to 2010; thus, the reduction of discharge was mitigated and remained steady as time progressed. We conclude from these results that the discharge of surface runoff decreased as tree growth and base flow increased; however, the water yield function of the forest increased gradually.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.5
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• pp.543-550
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• 2007

Arguments against charging fees for use of recreational forests and parks generally rest on the assumption that the public sector has the responsibility to provide as many recreational opportunities as it can to all visitors in Korea. The entrance fee in recreational forests allowed some governmental resource management agencies to keep a portion of user fees generated on-site, instead of returning all revenue to the general treasury. Funded primarily through entrance, activity, parking, and mountain villa-use fees, this legislation has been successful in reducing the maintenance backlog for participating agencies. However, it is unclear what effect user fees might have on visitors attending interpretive programs and the benefits that agencies might receive from implementing this policy. From this point of view, this study is a similar case at the Visitor Center and Species Restoration Center at Jirisan in terms of fee-based field trips to the places. In this research, two hundred twenty-three visitors at the Visitor Center and Species Restoration Center at Jirisan National Park answered questions about their trips from 2005 to 2006. Results indicted that the ecoguide not only increased visitor's appreciation of the resource, but also enhanced their perceptions of the Korean National Park Service (KNPS) fee policies.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

A study surveyed to visitor's user behavior and importance-satisfaction in the Provicial Wando-arboretum. As the results of the research, Most of the visitors are 40s and 50s and live in Jeonnam Region, Gwang-ju. The purpose of their visit was recreation, leisure or experience of a warm-temperate forest. Also the mean of importance was 3.94 and the mean of satisfaction was 3.51 in the Wando-arboretum. It appeared necessary for items of program development, homepage management and amenities including public toilet. The research results are expected to suggest efficient management measures. And expects with the research result that will be the possibility of raising the qualitative satisfaction of the visitor.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.86-105
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• 2013

In the aspects of existing cultivation and management of forest resources, national forest informatization has been promoted so that the public can use the resources and so that efficient and systematic cultivation and management of forest resources can be performed constantly. In particular, even though forest informatization has been attempted a lot despite the distinct characteristics of forest, the attempts have achieved little effects. Typically, many of the internal work systems of Korea Forest Service have been built for the purpose of collecting top-down data in the main office rather than the actual work site, and also, from the aspects of use by the public as well, various contents have been provided by the persons concerned, so useful information has not been able to be transmitted systematically. Therefore, Korea Forest Service has promoted IT governance concept and EA-based informatization as a way to solve enterprise problems and also reinforce work and service in the existing system to promote the project to build the foundation of national forest informatization. Based on this, this study suggests chief challenges or implications.