• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제84권1호
• /
• pp.10-21
• /
• 1995

본 연구(硏究)는 동북(東北)아시아에 인접(隣接)해 있는 한자문화권(漢字文化圈) 5개국(個國)(한국(韓國), 북한(北韓), 일본(日本), 중국(中國), 대만(臺灣))의 산림자원(山林資原)의 변화(變化)와 산림법(山林法)의 성립과정(成立過程) 및 특징(特徵)그리고 산림법(山林法)이 각국(各國)의 산림자원정책(山林資源政策)에 미친 영향(影響) 등 동북아(東北亞) 5개국(個國) 산림법(山林法)과 산림자원(山林資源)의 관계(關係)를 고찰(考察)하였다. 본 연구(硏究)의 대상국가인 동북(東北)아시아 5개국(個國)은 어떤 형태로든 20세기초(世紀初)를 전후(前後)하여 산림경영과 산림법(山林法) 도입제정(導入制定)에 일본의 영향을 받은 역사적 사실이 있다. 2차대전(次大戰) 종전이후(終戰以後) 신생국가(新生國家)로 독립이후(獨立以後) 90년대초(年代初)까지 국가발전순(國家發展順)으로 산림법(山林法)이 제정(制定)되어 현재는 5개국이 모두 산림법(山林法)을 보유(保有)하고 있으며, 5개국(個國) 모두 외국(外國)으로 부터 목재(木材)를 다량(多量) 수입(輸入)하는 목재수입국(木材輸入國)의 특징(特徵)도 함께 가지고 있다. 동일(同一)한 한자문화권(漢字文化圈)의 일원(一員)으로서 각국(各國)의 산림법(山林法)은 내용면(內容面)에서 동질성(同質性)을 많이 보유(保有)하고 있으며 각국(各國)의 사회경제체제(社會經濟體制)의 상이(相異)함에 따라 이질적(異質的)인 면(面)도 있지만, 각국(各國)의 황폐(荒廢)된 산림자원(山林資源)을 보호(保護)하고 증식(增殖)하는데는 크게 기여하고 있다. 이와 함께 우리나라는 현재 동북아(東北亞) 5개국중(個國中) 가장 빈약(貧弱)한 산림자원(山林資源)을 보유(保有)하고 있으나, 산림자원관리(山林資源管理)를 목적(目的)으로 하는 산림법(山林法)은 타(他) 국가(國家)에 비하여 산림관리외(山林管理外)의 임업전반에 걸쳐 포괄적(包括的)인 조항(條項)을 가장 많이 포함(包含)하고 있는 법체계(法體系)의 특징(特徵)도 가지고 있다. 따라서 아국(我國)의 빈약(貧弱)한 산림자원(山林資源)을 보다 효과적(效果的)으로 관리(管理)하고 지속가능(持續可能)한 산림경영(山林經營)을 도모하기 위하여는 산림법(山林法)의 분법화(分法化) 및 전문화(專門化) 등(等) 산림관련(山林關聯) 법체계(法體系)의 총체적(總體的) 정비(整備)를 도모하여 산림자원관리(山林資源管理)를 보다 체계적(體系的)으로 추진(推進)할 필요(必要)가 있다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 1968

Chapter 1 in Article 2 of forest law defines the definition of forest. but its meaning is so wide that it itself containg a lot of contradiction in it. And it lose legal adaptation which gives a lot of hindrance with criminal investigation. Furthermore, it has made extension of ferming lands, and promotion of livestocks which are most important matter to be solved in Korea retarded. Such an act made us bewildered to adapt concerned laws being applied to out law. This is to form a basic principal and define its correction. It is required that forestry of Korea should be utilized valuable and reserve forest region instead of definition totally, and the purpose of reforestation should be clear. In addition to above, it is required to define what forestry is, in the direction of reconstructing forestry better in Korea.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2016

우리나라 골재산업의 현황을 파악하기 위하여 골재채취법 및 산지관리법, 골재공급실적과 2016년도 골재원별 공급계획을 그리고 지역별 골재가격 동향을 조사하였다. 골재산업 중에서도 산림골재의 비중이 매년 신장하고 있으며, 산림골재가 골재산업을 주도하고 있다. 한편, 골재산업의 이해를 돕기 위해 우리나라 산림골재산업의 대표적 기업으로 매년 200 ~ 300만$m^3$의 품질 높은 골재를 수도권에 공급하고 있는 (주)삼표산업 화성사업소(화성석산)의 골재생산 프로세스를 기술하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.45-48
• /
• 1972

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1965

In this study, the present institution of reserved forests in Korea has been criticized through the analysis of the present situation of reserved forests in Korea, and mainly, on designation and cancellation of them because of this important institution thought as restriction of forest ownership. Reserved forest land in Korea as of the end of 1962 is 996,915 chungbo in area, or about 14.8% of the total forest land area, 6,750,324 chungbo in Korea, and we can find that the area of reserved forest land has increased remarkably since the Liberation in 1945, in comparison with about 180,000 chungbo-a little over 1% of the total forest land area, 16,000,000 chungbo, through Southern and Northern Korea till the Liberation in 1945. This fact clearly proves that Korean forests are extremely devastated since the Liberation in 1945, and in Korea we can find that reserved forest policy is very important in forest policy, consequently, reserved forest institution must be dealt with care. Moreover, the area of reserved forest land, 996,915 chungbo, which is divided into 43,820 chungbo of national forest land, 59,302 chungbo of public forest land, 893,793 chungbo of private forest land, and private forest land is excellently large, or about 89.7% of the total area of reserved forest land. In this number, we may understand the fact that reserved forests have the most influences on private forests, therefore, we may recognize that it is necessary for reserved forest constitution which is infringement of private right to be carried out carefully. From the first beginning, the institution of reserved forests is serious restriction to the forest ownership. Consequently, when the area of reserved forest land grows, it interferes seriously with the free forest management and the desire for forest own ership is decreased, at the same time, forest enterprise results in obstruction. Especially, Korean forests are destroyed extremely at present, so, intensification of reserved forest institution is unavoidable for completion of the national aim which forests have, but the author thinks that reserved forest institution must be as avoidable as possible, and we have to obtain good results by supervision of forest management which is regulated in the Forest Law. Consequently, designation of reserved forests must be minimized, and although forests were already designated as reserved forests they must be cancellated as fast as fast as possible and put them free in the owner's hands when they are in cancellation conditions. According to the provision of Article 18 of the Forest Law concrete cases designated as a reserved forest are enumerated for the purpose of maintaining the forest ownership and avoiding to give the forest authorities a free hand in order to protect forest owners from one-sided damage. Therefore, the forest authorities must not abuse the institution of reserved forests, and it is not good tendency to give only the authorities a free hand in eesignation and cancellation of reserved forests, and especially, when the forest owners object to that, establishing some legal organization like the reserved forest council in each province in order to hear about impartial opinions, and it is more suitable than administrative disposal by the same organization. The compensation of damages for reserved forests by the provision of Article 25 of the Forest Law is a different problem by forest policy, but the results of compensation of damages regulated in the Forest Law are wholly lacking up to now, the author thinks that this is caused to poor forest cover, the forest owner's unconcern and insincerity of administrative authorities. Therefore, the government must enlarge the range of compensation and minimize the forest owner's economic sacrifice, also, the government must mollify the conditions of the legal restrictions to reserved forests, and harmonize with functions of national conservation and economy. This means that it is necessary to modify the restrictive conditions for the effective utilization of forest resources within the range in which can be attained the purpose of designation, from permanent prohibition of cutting. Except the reserved forests of fish habitat, public sanitation, maintaining scenery and navigational mark ect., most of reserved forests are prohibited from cutting, and the present situation of forests in Korea are extremely devastated and those forests are not so expected in cancellation possibility in near future. Therefore, when the forest owners apply for national purchase of those reserved forests, the government had better nationalize them, protect and manage to reduce the forest owner's economic sacrifice.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제103권1호
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2014

2013년 3월에 발효된 '탄소흡수원 유지 및 증진에 관한 법률' 제26조에서 규정한 신규조림 재조림 활동의 산림탄소흡수원 지수를 개발하였다. 특정 시점에서의 개별 산림탄소상쇄사업의 실적을 평가하여 상호 비교하고자 하는 법적인 목적에 따라 점수화 방법을 사용하여 산림탄소흡수원 지수값을 산출하였다. 탄소흡수원법을 바탕으로 하여 '탄소'(온실가스 감축), '인간'(사회경제적 영향), '자연'(환경적 영향)의 3대 기준을 설정하였다. 각 기준에 속하는 9개의 지표를 top-down 방식으로 선정하였고, 전문가 온라인 설문조사를 통하여 기준과 지표의 정합성을 검토하고 가중치를 도출하였다. 사회공헌형을 대상으로 하고 있는 국내 산림탄소상쇄사업의 특성을 반영하여, 기준과 지표 간 가중치의 간격을 최소화하는 점수가중치 부여 방식을 적용하였다. 국내에서 시행중인 5개 산림탄소상쇄사업을 대상으로 개발된 지수를 시범적으로 적용하여 평가한 결과, 상대적으로 가중치가 낮은 '인간' 및 '자연' 기준이 실제적으로 부정적인 사회경제적 환경적 영향을 저감하도록 유인하는 역할을 할 수 있음을 확인했다. 산림탄소흡수원 지수의 평가 결과를 바탕으로 우수 사업자에 대한 포상이 가능하며, 이는 국내 산림탄소상쇄사업의 참여 활성화를 위한 유인수단이 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.836-845
• /
• 2017

Gravimetric method is usually used to evaluate air-dry density, which is governing physical or mechanical properties of wood. Although it had high evaluation accuracy, the method is time consuming process. Thus, this study was conducted to estimate air-dry density of wood with high accuracy by using polychromatic X-ray and digital detector as alternative of gravimetric method. To quantify polychromatic X-ray projection for evaluating air-dry density, Lambert-Beer's law with the integral value of probability function was used. The integral value was used as weighting factor in the law, and it was determined by conducting simple test at various penetration depths and tube voltage. Mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of wood also calculated by investigating polychromatic X-ray projection according to species, penetration depth and tube voltage. The species had not an effect on change of MAC. Finally, an air-dry density of wood was estimated by applying the integral value, MAC and Lambert-Beer's law to polychromatic X-ray projection. As an example, the relation of the integral value (${\alpha}$) according to penetration depth (t, cm) at tube voltage of 35 kV was ${\alpha}=-0.00091t{\times}0.0184$ while the regression of the MAC (${\mu}$, $cm^2/g$) was ${\mu}=0.5414{\exp}(-0.0734t)$. When calculation of root mean squared error (RMSE) was performed to check the estimation accuracy, RMSE at 35, 45 and 55 kV was 0.010, 0.013 and $0.009g/cm^3$, respectively. However, partial RMSE in relation to air-dry density was varied according to tube voltage. The partial RMSE below air-dry density of $0.41g/cm^3$ was $0.008g/cm^3$ when tube voltage of 35 kV was used. Meanwhile, the partial RMSE above air-dry density of $0.41g/cm^3$ decreased as tube voltage increased. It was conclude that the accuracy of estimation with polychromatic X-ray and digital detector was quite high if the integral value and MAC of wood were determined precisely or a condition of examination was chosen properly. It was seemed that the estimation of air-dry density by using polychromatic X-ray system can supplant the gravimetric method.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.421-424
• /
• 2023

This case report presents the case of a 49-year-old man who presented to our level I trauma center after sustaining injuries in an altercation with local law enforcement in which he was shot with a less lethal bean bag and tased. In a primary survey, a penetrating left supraclavicular wound was noted in addition to a taser dart lodged in his flank. No other traumatic findings were noted in a secondary survey. Given hemodynamic stability, completion imaging was obtained, revealing a foreign body in the left lung, a left open clavicle fracture, a C5 tubercle fracture, a possible grade I left vertebral injury, and a left first rib fracture. Soft tissue gas was seen around the left subclavian and axillary arteries, although no definitive arterial injury was identified. The bean bag projectile was embedded in the parenchyma of the left lung on cross-sectional imaging. The patient underwent thoracotomy for removal of the projectile and hemostasis. A thoracotomy was chosen as the operative approach due to concerns about significant bleeding upon foreign body removal. A chest tube was placed and subsequently removed on postoperative day 5. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7. At a 2-week outpatient follow-up visit, the patient was doing well. This case report is the first to describe this outcome for a drag-stabilized bean bag. Although law enforcement officers utilize bean bag projectiles as a "less lethal" means of crowd control and protection, these ballistics pose significant risk and can result in serious injury.

• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 2012

산림은 우리 생활 가까이에서 의복과 문화, 생존의 기반을 제공해 주고 있는 기본적인 자산이다. 이러한 자산은 문화와 생활로서 지역 주민들의 삶 속에 녹아들어 있으며, 후세로 이어져 나갈 것이다. 본 연구는 산림문화자산에 대한 조사가 부족한 지역인 남해안지역의 노거수 및 군락지와 숲에 대한 현지조사를 실시하여, 보호수로서의 지정가능성을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 현장 조사는 남해안에 접해 있는 경남지방 전남지방의 11개 시, 군에 위치한 노거수 및 군락지와 숲 등 80개소를 조사하였다. 노거수 및 군락지와 숲의 건강성과 관리상태를 비교적 객관적으로 측정하기 위한 판단기준을 전문가 표적토론(brainstorming)을 통하여 설정하였다. 현장 조사 결과, 현재 보호수로 미지정된 노거수 및 군락지와 숲 중에서 산림청 예규 제 574호의 기준에 의한 법정보호수 지정 기준을 통과하고, 관리상태도 좋은 노거수 및 군락지와 숲을 선정하였다. 군락지는 남해 난음리 비자나무 숲이 선정가능성이 높으며, 노거수는 하동 평사리 부부소나무를 포함한 13개소의 나무들이 지정 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단하였다. 노거수의 수종은 느티나무 3주, 팽나무 3주, 소나무 2주, 모밀잣밤나무, 왕버들, 후박나무 각 1그루씩이었다. 이러한 노거수와 군락지는 보호수로 지정하여서 국가의 체계적인 관리를 필요로 하며, 우리의 산림문화자산으로서 그 가치를 이어가야할 것으로 판단한다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2016

Forest service government has been prepared a Forest welfare voucher service system base on published law on th Promotion Welfare Forest. The purpose of this research is study on domestic situation and set on direction of voucher service before started it. In particular, voucher service will be implemented to Forest service government's recreation facilities area, awareness of voucher service system of its users and operators need to be reveal, and also other government's similar voucher operator's opinions also investigate. From those results, it find out introduction factors of forest welfare services voucher system. Recognition investigating survey result shows that the ordinary people are interested in programs, the forest recreation experts are interested in 'Construction and utilization of forest infrastructure', other voucher's experts are interested in 'Training', and ordinary people are interested in 'voucher programs'. So each respondents' results are different in important factors of introducing welfare service voucher system.