• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2014

Turfgrass insect pests were investigated in different turf sod production areas of Korea. Twelve insect pest species of 7 families in 6 orders and one Eriophyidae mite, Aceria zoysiae were collected from turf sod production areas. The zoysiagrass mite was most frequently occurred zoysiagrass sod production areas. Damaged rate by zoysiagrass mite was increased from May to September. Noctuidae (Spodoptera depravata, Agrotis ipsilon and A. segetum) and Pyralidae (Crambus sp.) insect pests in Lepidoptera were attracted in A. ipsilon sex pheromone trap. Eggs and larva of A. ipsilon was the highest occurred August. Zoysiagrass mite and A. ipsilon were main insect pests in turf sod production areas in Korea.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2004

For the development of the alternative control system against the major forest pests, Beauveria spp. F-101, isolated from a dead larva of Thecodiplosis japonensis, was selected because this isolate showed high pathogenicities against T. japonensis and Acantholyda parki. Beauveria spp. F-101 had irregular clustered conidio-phores and conidia borne on a distinctive apical zigzag extension, and it showed typical characteristic of the genus, Beauveria in morphology. For molecular based-identification, the ribosomal ITS region of Beauveria spp. F-101 was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers, and cloned into pGEM- T Easy vector. The amplified PCR product was 569 bp in size and completely sequenced. The similarities of the cloned ITS sequence were 99 ％ and 97％ to those of B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, respectively. In comparison to other species among the genus Beauveria, the ITS region of Beauveria spp. F-101 showed a similarity of 95％ to B. amorpha, 95％ to B. tenella, 89％ to B. vermiconia and 69％ to B. alba, respectively. In addition, in comparison to different genus, it had 95％ similarities to Cordyceps militaris and 91％ to Paecilomyces tenuipes. Accordingly, the current result suggests that Beauveria spp. F-101 was a variant of B. bassiana and it seems to be a new isolate considering sequence variation in ITS region.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2005

Beauveria bassiana F-101, which has high toxicity toward Acantholyda parki as well as Thecodiplosis japonensis, was an isolate to develop an alternative control system against the major forest pests. Up to now, in B. bassiana, only one pr1 gene has been isolated and characterized. Therefore, we here reported the identification of a pr1-like gene, which would be a factor of toxicity from B. bassiana F-101. The oligonucleotides for the amplification of the pr1-like gene, were chosen based on the conserved regions of the subtilisin family enzymes, pr1 genes of B. bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and proteinase K of Tritirachium album. The cloned PCR fragment had 1111 bp including 52 bp intron. The deduced Pr1-like peptide showed a low identity with Pr1s of entomopathogenic fungi such as B. bassiana Pr1 (BbPr1) and M. anisopliae Pr1 (MaPr1) as well as the proteinase K of T. album (TaPrK). Instead, the deduced peptide had a substantially high amino acid sequence identity $(>65\%)$ with the serine proteases of Magnaporthe grisea (MgSPM1) and Podospora anserina (PaPspA). These results, therefore, appear to suggest that the putative Pr1-like peptide of B. bassiana F-101 belongs to the subtilisin-like serine protease family and may be a novel gene.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2008

To investigate the actual condition of orchard and pest management of persimmon orchards, a questionnaire was ask to the farmers in major cultivated areas of persimmon and dried persimmon, Sangju, Gyeongbuk in 2007 and 2008. 91.1% of persimmon farmers was over fifties in age and 94.7% of persimmon farmers was cultivated 'Sangjudungshi'. The greatest limiting factor for persimmon production was thought to be disease by the 58.4% of persimmon farmers and the most serious disease was anthracnose by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. 60.2% of them was answered that the most serious insect pest was scale insects. Obtaining of knowledge or information on pest management depended own experience (37.2%) and 48.7% of answered farmers was decision-marking of pesticides depending on agrochemical market. 54% of persimmon farmers was applied pesticides $3{\sim}5$ times per year. Just 17.7% of them recorded the diary of pesticide application. The greatest problem for management of pest in persimmon orchard was lack of knowledge of pest (60.2%) and farmers considered increasing cost for pest management as the greatest problem with 52.2% in proportion. 66.4% of farmers was mixed cultivation with soybean (37.7%) and hot pepper (26.1%) in persimmon orchard. 44.2% among answered farmers mixed cultivation of persimmon with production of dried persimmon and 54.5% of farmers considered lack of labor as the greatest problem in production of dried persimmon.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 1998

To obtain basic information for establishing a pest control strategy for insect pest management system, changes in the population densities of the black-tipped sawfly(Acantholyda posticalis posticalis Matsumura) and damage patterns in tree growth were investigated in national forests in Hoigok-ri, Kapyung-gun, Kyunggi-do, where the pest control measures were taken. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The larval density in the soil of the forests where the insecticides were applied have been kept below economic threshold for about 7 years. The density was the highest in the middle of slopes and similar to the level of the early stage of the insect outbreak. 2. After the pest control by insecticides, reduction in tree height and diameter growth lasted for 2-3 years in trees defoliated by over 70%. 3. The diameter growth of the trees damaged by black-tipped sawfly recovered faster in upper stem than in the lower. 4. volume growth of the trees defoliated over 70% by the insect decreased for three to four years. The volume loss of trees defoliated by 70% and 90% was 19.6% and 54.0%, respectively. 5. Maintaining the rate of defoliation below 50%, which is the economic threshold, by chemical control measures had an effect of reducing the tree volume loss by $40m^2/ha$ as compared with a stand defoliated by 90%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.371-373
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• 2006

Life history of Ivela auripes (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), a pest of Cornus controversa, was investigated both in laboratory and field condition. At $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, developmental period from larvae to adult and adult life span was $26.3{\pm}0.3$ and $4.4{\pm}0.2$ days, respectively. Developmental period of pupae reared in the laboratory was not significantly different from those collected in the field. Female moths reared in the laboratory laid significantly less eggs than those emerged from the pupae collected in the field. Light trap catches was less effective than direct monitoring in the field. The two monitoring results showed that adult moth emerged from early June to late June, and the time of 50% cumulative emergence was 17 June.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.371-390
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• 2007

Arthropod pests were surveyed from 132 herb species of 121 genera in 50 families of 32 orders at herb garden of Sancheong-gun Agricultural Development Technology Center in Sancheong, Gyeongsangnamdo province from October, 2005 to November, 2006. Ninety eight arthropod pests of 86 genera in 44 families of 9 orders were collected. Although less than 5 arthropod pests were collected from each herb, more than 5 arthropod pests were occurred on Hibiscus mutabililis, Peucedanum japonicum, Aralia cordata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Angelica decursiva, Rhaponticum uniflorum, Lonicera japonica, Betula platyphylla and Agrimonia pilosa. Out of collected pests, 98.5% of them damaged leaves of medicinal plants. The highest number of arthropod pests was recorded in May representing 36 species of 32 genera in 20 families of 6 orders. Most of them were collected from less than 5 medicinal plants. However, Atractomorpha lata, Dolycoris baccarum, Myzus persicae, and Nysius plebejus occurred on 42., 22, 20, and 15 medicinal plants, respectively. Atractomorpha lata and Myzus persicae had broad host ranges and seriously damaged. Aphis gossypii was dominant insect pest in May compared with Dolycoris baccarum in June. Atractomorpha lata in August and September, and Myzus persicae in October.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2023

Outbreaks of Ramulus mikado (Insecta: Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) in the hilly areas of Mt. Bongsan, Mt. Cheonggye, and elsewhere in Seoul and Gyeonggi occurred from 2020 to 2021, causing serious defoliation. We evaluated the insecticidal effects of six eco-friendly organic materials and the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against R. mikado. The fungus was isolated from naturally dead bodies of R. mikado in forest ecosystems. The results revealed that three eco-friendly organic materials containing azadirachtin or geraniol as active ingredients showed high mortality in the range of 85.2%-100%, which were rates similar to that of the chemical insecticide fenitrothion emulsifiable concentrate. All R. mikado adults that were sprayed with a conidial suspension of M. anisopliae at different concentrations were killed within a few days. In conclusion, three eco-friendly organic materials and M. anisopliae could be good alternatives to chemical insecticides.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2002

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2008

Recently, Platypus koryoensis has been reported as a major pest of oak trees in Korea which can introduce the pathogenic fungus(Raffaelea sp.) by making galleries into the heartwood of the tree. As the beetle has developed its effective drilling mouthpart enough to make tunnels, we have analyzed the fine structural aspects of the mouthpart using the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) to reveal its mechano-dynamic characteristics. The mouthparts of this ambrosia beetle which consist of a labrum, a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae and the labium exhibit typical morphology of mycophagous coleopteran beetles and have those characteristics of chewing mouthparts that can excavate galleries in the hardwood. Both of maxillary and labial palpi have the functions of direct the food to the mouth and hold it while the mandibles chew the food. The distal ends of these palpi are flattened and have shovel-like setae. Females have larger maxillary palpi and a larger gular region than males in general.