• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2013

이 연구는 지리산 지역 둘레길의 토양물리성 및 화학성 변화를 분석하여 둘레길 노면토양의 피해 저감 및 관리를 위한 기초적인 자료를 마련하기 위하여 수행하였다. 지리산 둘레길과 주변 산림지역의 평균적인 토양의 특성을 분석한 결과 둘레길 노면의 토양은 사양토이었으며, 산림지역의 토성은 양토로 분석되었다. 토양용적밀도의 값은 산림지역 1.00 g/$cm^3$과 둘레길 노면 토양 1.15 g/$cm^3$로 산림지역과 둘레길 노면 토양 사이의 토양용적밀도는 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로(P<0.05) 나타났다. 산림지역과 둘레길 노면토양의 평균토양공극률을 비교한 결과 산림지역의 평균토양공극률은 62.4%로 둘레길 노면 토양의 평균토양공극률 56.6%에 비해 산림지역의 평균토양공극률이 5.8% 높은 값을 나타내었다. 토양 내 수분함유율의 경우 산림지역에서 11.3%, 둘레길 노면 토양에서 13.3%로 둘레길 노면토양의 평균토양수분함유율이 약 2.0% 높게 나타났으며, 두 지역 간 유의적 차이는 없는 것으로(P>0.05) 나타났다. 인위적 답압에 의한 영향이 높은 토양깊이 5 cm에서의 토양경도는 조사구간의 10 cm에서보다 높게 나타나 이용자의 답압에 의한 둘레길길 영향은 현재까지 토양 5 cm 정도까지 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 토양깊이 30cm 이상에서 토양경도는 산림지역과 둘레길의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘레길 노면토양의 화학성을 분석한 결과, 유기물, 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성양이온($K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$) 모두 적정함량에 부족한 값을 나타내었는데, 이는 둘레길의 이용객의 증가에 따른 토양침식 등으로 인한 것으로 사료되며, 이를 억지하기 위해서는 이용자의 과도한 집중화 및 분산을 유도할 수 있는 방법을 강구할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

We investigated Soil respiration in Bluepine forest of western Bhutan, in relation to soil temperature, moisture content and soil pH and it was aimed at establishing variability in space and time. The Bluepine forest thrives in the typical shallow dry valleys in the inter-montane Bhutan Himalaya, which is formed by ascending wind from the valley bottom, which carries moisture from the river away to the mountain ridges. Stratified random sampling was applied and the study site was classified into top, mid, low slope and further randomized sample of n=20 from 30 m×30 m from each altitude. The overall soil respiration mean for the forest was found 2248.17 CO₂ g yr^-1 and it is ~613.58 C g yr^-1. The RS from three sites showed a marginal variation amongst sites, lower slope (2,309 m) was 4.64 μ mol m^-2 s^-1, mid slope (2,631 m) was 6.78 μ mol m^-2 s^-1 and top slope (3,027 m) was 6.33 μ mol m^-2 s^-1 and mean of 5.92 μ mol m^-2 s^-1, SE=0.25 for the forest. Temporal distribution and variations were observed more pronounced than in the space variation. Soil respiration was found highest during March and lowest in September. Soil temperature had almost inverse trend against soil respiration and dropped a low in February and peak in July. The moisture in the soil changed across months with precipitation and pH remained almost consistent across the period. The soil respiration and soil temperature had significant relationship R²=-0.61, p=0.027 and other variables were found insignificant. Similar relationship are reported for dry season in a tropical forest soil respiration. Soil temperature was found to have most pronounced effect on the soil respiration of the forest under study.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2006

This study focuses on the application of multi-criteria performance measures based on the concept of equifinality to the calibration of the rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL in a small deciduous forest catchment. The performance of each parameter set was evaluated by six performance measures, individually, and each set was identified as a behavioral or non-behavioral parameter set by a given behavioral acceptance threshold. Many behavioral parameter sets were scattered throughout the parameter space, and the range of model behavior and the sensitivity for each parameter varied considerably between the different performance measures. Sensitivity was very high in some parameters, and varied depending on the kind of performance measure as well. Compatibilities of behavioral parameter sets between different performance measures also varied, and very few parameter sets were selected to be used in making god predictions for all performance measures. Since different behavioral parameter sets with different likelihood weights were obtained for each performance measure, the decision on which performance measure to be used may be very important to achieve the goal of study. Therefore, one or more suitable performance measures should be selected depending on the environment and the goal of a study, and this may lead to decrease model uncertainty.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2016

In this study 'forest design in waterside unused land' of 'waterside area' in the specificity that multilateral, including landscape, recreation, social and environmental aspects in the space, taking into account by multiple factors :Raise 'practicality' than a functional management and police to hang out with, each element is usually way to improve the beauty. There is currently carried out waterside green area creation, which is artificial plantation and open spaces only emphasizing 'landscape' with lacking multi-function purpose, as a 'forest design in waterside unused land' strategy but it should be lowered by performance in this strategy. And the study suggested a strategy which prepared cultural and social infrastructure to be able to attract different fund and build local character as an alternative demand plan considered environmental character as a top priority.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1307-1309
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• 2003

The EO-1 spacecraft, launched November 21, 2000 into a sun synchronous orbit behind Landsat 7, hosts advanced technology demonstration instruments, whose capabilities are currently being assessed by the user community for future missions. A significant part of the EO-1 program is to perform data comparisons between Hyperion, ALI and Landsat 7 ETM+. In this paper, a comparison of forest classification results from Hyperion, ALI, and the ETM+ of Landsat-7 are provided for Wangqing Forest Bureau, Jilin Province, Northeast China. The data have been radiometrically corrected and geometrically resampled. Feature selection and statistical transforms are used to reduce the Hyperion feature space from 86 channels to 14 features. Classes chosen for discrimination included Larch, Spruce, Oak, Birch, Popular and Mixed forest and other landuses. Classification accuracies have been obtained for each sensor. Comparison of the classification results shows : Hyperion classification results were the best, ALI's were much better than ETM+.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

Mangroves are important coastal ecosystems and are located at the inter-tidal zones of tropical and sub-tropical belts. The global mangrove forests are declining dramatically because of the conversion of forests to shrimp farming, over-exploitation, pollution and freshwater diversion. The Bangladesh Forest Department initiated mangrove afforestation throughout the coastal belts of Bangladesh in 1966 to provide better protection for the coastal communities. Up to 1990, 120,000 ha of mangroves had been planted and it is one of the largest coastal afforestaton programs in the world. The objective of this study is to exploit the spatial extent of mangrove plantation and their dynamics of changes over the last two decades using multispectral Landsat imagery. The study area covers the coastal areas of Bangladesh that is extended over the eastern part of Sundarbans up to Teknaf, the southern tip of mainland Bangladesh. Mangrove plantations were interpreted visually on computer screen and interactive delineation of forest boundary was done. The mangrove plantation area has been estimated as 32,725, 47,636 and 43,166 ha for the year of 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively. Mangrove deforestation by human activity has increased almost six times in the recent decade in comparison to the previous one. The mangrove forest loss due to coastal erosion has slightly declined in the 2000s. Mangroves have been lost primarily because of agricultural expansion. The result of this investigation will be helpful to understand the dynamics of mangrove plantation and the main drivers of changes in this coastal ecosystem.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.153-156
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• 2008

Comparative analysis of forest fire danger rating on the forest characteristics of thinning area and non-thinning area on forest fire burnt area was studied in this work. To investigate the effect of thinning slash in forest fire, Gangneung-si Wangsan-myeon, Ulgin-gun Wonnam-Myeon, Samchok-si Gagok-Myeon, in which forest fire broke out, were selected. As a result that investigated forest fire danger ratio between thinning slash and non-thinning slash, leeward scorching ratio(36%), crown damage ratio(29%), mortality of branch at the former are higher than those at the latter, leeward scorching ratio of tree, where thinning slash is around, is 10%-20% higher than that of independent tree. So I estimate that thinning slash has a some effect on the intensity of forest fire. And the result to investigate damage of forest fire according to tree species shows that leeward scorching ratio of conifer is 5% higher than that of non-conifer, and mortality of branch of the former is 19% higher than that of the latter. It is considered that forest fire may affect directly to a tree trunk if it diffuse to piled thinning tree because there was no space between thinning trees and trees. Furthermore, it was found that re-ignition had a chance to occur due to lots of piled thinning trees.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.963-972
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• 2016

A survey was performed to present a scheme for building a healing forest park inside a city in consideration of the fact that healing forests are located in non-urban areas because of their nature, and are therefore not conveniently accessible to urban population (n=196). As a result, among 196 respondents to the survey, 74.5% indicated that it was necessary to build an urban healing forest park. In the case of the expected usage pattern, were an urban forest park to be built, the largest proportion responded that it would be used to "walk", followed by "rest and meditation" and then "meeting/talk/date". An analysis showed that the largest proportion responded that they factor in "Accessibility" (48%), followed by "Park condition" (16.8%), and "Vegetation type" (12.2%). According to the analysis of usage preference for healing therapy, it was shown that the largest proportion preferred "Terrain therapy" (37.8%), followed by "Exercise therapy" (19.9%), and "Naturopathy" (18.9%). The factor anlaysis of usage preference regarding urban healing forest park facilities showed that the components were divided into "Operation facilities" and "Natural healing space", and the largest proportion preferred "Trails for healing", followed by "Space or forest for meditation" and "Health promotion center", and then "Facilities for a exercise therapy". In building an urban healing forest park, we think that it is effective to introduce zones and facilities in consideration of park characteristics that are centered on everyday behaviors, such as taking a walk, which differ from those of healing forests located in non-urban areas.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.381-404
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• 2022

Forest fires inflict great losses of human lives and serious damages to ecological systems. Hence, numerous fire detection methods have been proposed, one of which is fire detection based on sensors. However, these methods reveal several limitations when applied in large spaces like forests such as high cost, high level of false alarm, limited battery capacity, and other problems. In this research, we propose a novel forest fire detection method based on image processing and correlation coefficient. Firstly, two fire detection conditions are applied in RGB color space to distinguish between fire pixels and the background. Secondly, the image is converted from RGB to YCbCr color space with two fire detection conditions being applied in this color space. Finally, the correlation coefficient is used to distinguish between fires and objects with fire-like colors. Our proposed algorithm is tested and evaluated on eleven fire and non-fire videos collected from the internet and achieves up to 95.87% and 97.89% of F-score and accuracy respectively in performance evaluation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2021

Decay fungi can decompose plant debris to recycle carbon in the ecosystem. Still, they can also be fungal pathogens, which can damage living trees and/or wood material and cause a large amount of timber loss. We isolated and identified basidiomycetous fungi from the decayed bark of Mongolian oak wrapped with sticky roll traps. The degrading enzyme activities were then tested for all fungal isolates. The decay ability of selected isolates was assessed based on the weight loss of wood discs after inoculating with culture suspension of decay fungi under the different humidity levels. A total of 46 basidiomycetous fungal isolates belonged to 12 species, and 10 genera were obtained from Jong Myo (16 isolates), Chang Kyung palace (7 isolates), Cheong Gye (10 isolates), and Gun Po (13 isolates). Gymnopus luxurians was the most dominant fungus in the present study, and this species distributed in all survey sites with 9 isolates in Jong Myo, followed by 3 isolates in Chang Kyung palace, while Cheong Gye and Gun Po had only 1 isolate each. Among 46 isolates, 44 isolates secreted at least one enzyme, while 25 isolates produced both cellulase and phenol oxidase enzymes, and 2 isolates produced neither. The assessment of decay ability by artificial inoculation indicated that the weight loss of wood discs was significantly influenced by humidity conditions when inoculated with bark decay fungi. The percent weight losses by G. luxurians inoculation in RH of 90-100% and RH of 65-75% were 4.61% and 2.45%, respectively. The weight loss caused by Abortiporus biennis were 6.67% and 0.46% in RH of 90-100% and RH of 45-55%, respectively. The humidity reduction approach should be applied for further studies to control the growth and spread of bark decay fungi on the trunks wrapped with sticky roll traps.