• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2017

According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), all parties have to submit the national GHG inventory report. Estimating carbon stocks and changes in Land Use, Land-Use Changes and Forestry (LULUCF) needs an activity data and emission factors. So this study was conducted to develop carbon emission factor for Robinia pseudoacacia L., Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and Liriodendron tulipifera. As a result, the basic wood density ($g/cm_3$) was 0.64 for R. pseudoacacia, 0.55 for B. platyphylla, and 0.46 for L. tulipifera. Biomass expansion factor was 1.47 for R. pseudoacacia, 1.30 for B. platyphylla, and 1.24 for L. tulipifera. Root to shoot ratio was 0.48 for R. pseudoacacia, 0.29 for B. platyphylla, and 0.23 for L. tulipifera. Uncertainty of estimated emission factors on three species ranged from 3.39% to 27.43% within recommended value (30%) by IPCC. We calculated carbon stock and change using these emission factors. Three species stored carbon in forest and net $CO_2$ removal was $1,255,398\;t\;CO_2/yr$ during 5 years. So we concluded that our result could be used as emission factors for national GHG inventory report on forest sector.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2009

Forests potentially contribute to global climate change through their influence on the global carbon (C) cycle. The Kyoto Protocol provides for the involvement of developing countries in an atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction regime under its Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Carbon credits are gained from reforestation and afforestation activities in developing countries. Bangladesh, a densely populated tropical country in South Asia, has a huge degraded forestland, which can be reforested by CDM projects. To realize the potential of the forestry sector in developing countries like Bangladesh for full-scale emission mitigation, the carbon sequestration potential should be integrated with the carbon trading system under the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. This paper discusses the prospects of carbon trading in Bangladesh, in relation to the CDM, in the context of global warming.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2017

In this study, land-use changes from 1990 to 2010 in Jeju Island by different approaches were produced and compared to suggest a more efficient approach. In a sample-based method, land-use changes were analyzed with different sampling intensities of 2 km and 4 km grids, which were distributed by the fifth National Forest Inventory (NFI5), and their uncertainty was assessed. When comparing the uncertainty for different sampling intensities, the one with the grid of 2 km provided more precise information; ranged from 6.6 to 31.3% of the relative standard error for remaining land-use categories for 20 years. On the other hand, land-cover maps by a wall-to-wall approach were produced by using time-series Landsat imageries. Forest land increased from 34,194 ha to 44,154 ha for 20 years, where about 69% of total forest land were remained as forest land and 19% and 8% within forest lands were converted to grassland and cropland, respectively. In the case of grassland, only about 40% of which were remained as grassland and most of the area were converted to forest land and cropland. When comparing land-cover area by land-use categories with land-use statistics, forest areas were underestimated while areas of cropland and grassland were overestimated. In order to analyze land use change, it is necessary to establish a clear and consistent definition on the six land use classification.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.429-439
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to gauge the extent of the forestry business through establishing the definition of forestry industry from the perspective of economic convergence and to analyze key components that affect each growth phase of a forestry business entity by classifying them. A total of 1,397 "sixth-sector industry" management entities were certified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs in South Korea from 2012-2017. Of these, 259 (18.5%) were in the forestry sector. In this study, the 259 forestry management entities were further classified into three phases based on sales distribution: entrance, development, and maturity. The entrance phase (<100 million KRW), development phase (>100 million and <1 billion KRW), and maturity phase (>1 billion KRW) constituted 33.2%, 55.4%, and 12.4% of the total 259 entities, respectively. The results showed that most of the management entities were either in the entrance or development phases, and only a small portion was in the maturity phase. To identify the key variables that affect each of the phases, chi-square analysis was used. We designed the "sixth-sector industry" type as an independent variable, whereas selected region, business organization, manager age group, forest product, processing type, and service type were designated as dependent variables. The results of the analysis showed that the processing and service types influenced all three developmental phases. Moreover, as the phase advanced, processing type showed a higher proportion of health-functional ingredients, such as powder or extract from forest products, which enable to develop and produce a variety of products. Service type also changed from simple experience to integrated experience tourism and finally to tourism education. Distribution and sales channel also turned out to be a significant factor during the development phase. This study provides the basic information needed to guide government support in the implementation of a formal forestry business through convergence as well as to increase the efficiency of business management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

We evaluated the effect of CO₂ offsetting by estimating changes in carbon uptake under various forest management scenarios and proposed forest management strategies to achieve carbon neutrality. Paju and Goseong, which have relatively large forest areas but different industrial characteristics, were selected for the study sites. The current state of forest distribution was analyzed using forest type maps and aerial photographs, and the amount of carbon uptake was calculated using the equation presented by the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the national emission/absorption coefficients from the Korea National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report. As of 2015, the forest carbon absorption in Paju and Goseong was 49,931 t/yr and 94,225 t/yr, respectively, and the annual carbon absorption per unit area was 2.28 t/ha/yr and 2.16 t/ha/yr. Under the forest management scenarios, the annual maximum carbon absorption per unit area is estimated to increase to 5.68 t/ha/yr in Paju and 4.22 t/ha/yr in Goseong, and this absorption would increase further if urban forests were additionally created. Even if the current forests of Paju and Goseong are maintained as they are, emissions from electricity use can be sufficiently offset. However, by applying appropriate forest management strategies, emissions from sectors other than electricity use could be offset. This study can be applied to the establishment of carbon absorption strategies in the forest sector to achieve carbon neutrality.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.635-645
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to establish a linkage between local forest human resources policies and the analysis of forest resource conditions in Gyeongsangbuk-do. In particular, the study aims to gather insights from students enrolled local formal education institutions through a demand survey and their opinions. These findings would serve as basic data for the formulation of medium- and long-term policies. According to the results of the analysis, all surveyed groups expressed a desire to pursue careers, entrepreneurship, or further school education based on their forestry majors. Among, the most important needs identified for local human resources, receiving training related to field practice and access to information emerged as paramount. In addition, it was observed that educational programs were conducted on weekends and during school vacations, with integration into the school curriculum to ensure participants not only benefit from self-development but also receive administrative support. A notable observation in the survey results was the absence of a network among forest professionals, signifying a key weakness within the forest sector in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The results of this study hold significant value in terms of analyzing and sharing the educational preferences of forest human resources in Gyeongsangbuk-do, thereby serving as basic research data for proposing policies. In the future, by expanding the scope to include case studies and forest human resource preference analyses through cooperation with other local governments and institutions, the research can contribute to the establishment of national-level policies for forest human resources on a broader scale.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2010

Wetlands perform various functions of vital socio-ecological significance playing fundamental role in moderating monsoon tidal floods and coastal protection and generate goods and products such as fish and forest resources. The depletion of mangroves is a cause of serious environmental and economic concern to many developing countries. Problems of sustainability of mangrove ecosystems are not only technical but also socio-economic. Functions played by mangrove wetlands are of fundamental importance for society. The present study aims to identify the challenges of the mangrove wetlands of Southeast coast of Chittagong, their uses and socio-economic influence on local people, and the value of ecosystem services, and to suggest how to conserve this ecosystem in a more equitable way.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2015

We constructed greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollution (AP) integrated sink/emission inventories and evaluated the environmental value for the vegetation sector in Seoul during year 2010. The data of vegetation, classified into four sectors of cultivated land, forest land, park and street tree, were obtained from Statistics Korea and Seoul City. Based on the previous studies, only $CO_2$ was chosen as GHG sink by vegetation. $NO_2$ and $SO_2$ were chosen as AP sink by vegetation, while isoprene, monoterpene, other VOC (OVOC) and NH3 were chosen as AP emission from vegetation. Estimation methodology and sink/emission factors were gathered from reports and published literatures. Estimated GHG sink by vegetation during year 2010 was 12,987,173 $tonCO_{2eq}$, of which approximately 1/4 was from pure vegetation and the remaining 3/4 from vegetation soil. AP sink and emission were estimated to be 23,309 tonAP and 2,629,797 tonAP, respectively. The analysis by administrative districts in Seoul revealed that among 25 districts, Seocho-gu, Nowon-gu, Eunpyeong-gu, Gwanak-gu and Gangbuk-gu were the major districts in GHG and AP sink/emission inventories for vegetation sector. Environmental value of vegetation as a function of GHG and AP sink, was estimated as 800 billion won, corresponding to 5% of the total cost of the forest land in Korea evaluated as a public function.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2007

We monitored the butterfly community dynamics from March to October for the three years (2002, 2003, 2004). The study areas were consisted of the five sectors with pine forest (Pinus rigida) and mixed oak forests at Mt. Midong in Chungwongun, Chungchungbukdo, Korea. We found that the total numbers of butterfly species were 59 species and the total individuals were 1,513. There was no change the number of species (44 species) during the study period but the composition of species and the number of individuals were different such as 414, 561, and 538, respectively. The most abundant species were Minois dryas (25%) in 2002, Polygonia c-aureum (24%) in 2003, and P. c-aureum (22%) in 2004. On the contrary, the number of singleton species was 20 species in 2002, 15 species in 2003, and 15 species in 2004. We found that there was the seasonal difference in species composition of butterfly community. The species diversity of butterfly community was the highest at sector 4 and sector 5 and lowest at sector 2. Main reason of the butterfly dynamics was strongly supposed to the human activity. We could suggest that the butterfly monitoring study must be a good way to measure the change of butterfly habitats including anthropogenic activity and the natural disturbances.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.47-56
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• 2016

This study is on the actual analysis of R&D investment effect through DEA in terms of efficiency resulted from forestry sector climate change response R&D project. Namely, it is clarifying the mechanism of the scientific, technological, social performance result and output, depending on research development cost, employment size as same input. Also, it is in-depth analysis on which performance operates more efficiently in any detailed business. With the study result, we seek political implications to enhance investment effect and core element to consider R&D business project in the future.