• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1994

A mixed forest community in Tokyusan was studied to determine the adequate plot area of tree stratum for investigating forest community structure. Nineteen nested plots were set up in the studied forest community, and species-area curve and performance curve were established. According to species-area curve, the minimum plot area where a given percentage increase in plot area produced less than the same percentage increase in number of species was 500$m^2$. The minimum plot area where a given percentage increase in plot area produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of species was 1,000$m^2$. According to performance curve of the importance values of the major species, the minimum plot area where the importance value of the major species was distinguished from each other was 900$m^2$, and the minimum plot area was 500$m^2$ except for a big tree of Pinus densiflora distributed unexpectedly. According to performance curve of species diversity, the minimum plot area was 400$m^2$. Similarity indices between plot area above 900$m^2$ and total plot area were more than 90% and similarity indices between plot area above 400$m^2$ and total plot area were more than 85%. It may be as a conclusion that minimum plot area was generally about 500$m^2$ and in case of requiring more accuracy, minimum plot area was about 1,000$m^2$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.698-707
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• 2010

Because of localized extreme rainfall followed by Typhoon Ewiniar in 2006, a lot of landslides and debris flows were occurred in Jinbu area of Gangwon Province. Field investigation performed in this area found that it can be divided into three categories i.e. large debris flow, small debris flow, and debris flow around forest road. We performed field investigation especially for the sites where debris flow occurred around forest road. And the characteristics of the debris flow around forest road were analyzed and compared with the other site of debris flow.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 1998

The vegetation pattern of Mt. Odae based on the soil humidity gradient showed 3 types: (1) the forest of Pinus densiflora under the mesic or xeric conditions of the low altitudinal area, (2) the forest of Acer including A. mono, A. pseudo-sieboldianum and Tilia amurensis under the submesic or subxeric conditions and (3) the forest of Quercus including Q. mongolica of the higher elevational area and Q. variabilis of the lower elevational area under the xeric condition. Water content, organic matter and total nitrogen of soil were relatively low in Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis communities while they were relatively high in Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Quercus mongolica communities. According to the result of cluster analysis based on similarity indices of the communities, the proposed successional sere in the forest vegetation of Mt. Odae was as follows. P. densiflora community $\longrightarrow$ P. densiflore + Q. mongolica community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + A. pseudo-sieboldianum community. P. densiflora community $\longrightarrow$ P. densiflora + Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + Q. variabilis community $\longrightarrow$ Q. mongolica + A. pseudo-sieboldianum community.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.481-487
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• 2018

This paper proposes a method to detect and monitor the land creeping area using a UAV to analyze the damaged area efficiently. Using a UAV, it was possible to secure the safety of the investigators before the field survey and effectively utilize it to establish an investigation plan because an orthophoto can be used to detect and scale the cracks in a land creeping area. In addition, it was possible to analyze the scale of the crack quantitatively by extracting the topographic information from the orthophoto. The study sites were found to have a total crack area of 1.01 ha, a length of 1.07 km, an average width of 10 m, and a step distance of 1 to 10 m. Periodic UAV measurements can be used to detect displacements on the land creeping area and monitor the direction and scale of crack spread. Therefore, it is expected to be used effectively during recovery planning. Applying the UAV to the land creeping area resulted in the qualitative and quantitative results quickly and easily in dangerous mountainous watersheds. Therefore, it is expected that it will contribute to the development of related industries because of the high availability of a UAV in forest soil sediment disasters, such as landslides, debris flow, and land creeping area.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2006

This study investigated to distribution of Lepidoptera on the forest stands of cental Gangwon area from July to August in 2005. Collected Lepidoptera in the study area were total 462 individuals 123 genus 15 family and were collected 166 individuals, 66 genus, 15 family in Jumbong Mt., 159 individuals 65 genus 15 family in Eungbok Mt. and 137 individuals 40 genus 9 family in Odae Mt.. Dominant species in study area were Ampelophaga rubiginosa 54 individuals, Antheraea yamamai 35 individuals, Dendrolimus superans 27 individuals, Triphaenopsis jezoensis 14 individuals, Lymantria monacha 13 individuals. Shannon species diversity index(H') and Evenness index (J') were 1.52, 0.84 in Jumbong Mt., 1.69, 0.91 in Eungbok Mt., 1.87, 0.83 in Odae Mt. respectively. Community similarity index showed the lowest value in Jumbong Mt. and Odae Mt. as 0.11, the highest value in Jumbong Mt. and Odae Mt. as 0.28.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.634-640
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to clarify the physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest of forest bathing). The subjects were twelve male university students ($21.6{\pm}2.1$ years old). On the first day, six subjects were sent to a forest area, and the others to a city area. On the second day, the subjects were sent to the opposite areas for a cross check. The subjects were seated on chairs and viewing the landscapes of their given areas for 15 minutes. HRV (Heart Rate Variability) and diastolic blood pressure were used as physiological indices. Diastolic blood pressure and LF/(LF+HF) components of HRV in the forest area were significantly lower than in the city area. And HF power components of HRV in the forest settings were significantly enhanced than in city settings. In conclusion, the results of the physiological measurements show that Shinrin-yoku was able to effectively relax people in both mind and body.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-102
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• 1992

The forest of kadok islet was investigated from aug. 1 1990 through oct. 30, 1990. The results obtained are summarized as follow : a floristic community. Most of the investigated area is occupied by arable land and pinus thunbergii forest, quercus serrata forest with only small area of camellia japonica forest of the eastern units. pinus thunbergii community subunit : eurya japonica rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum elaeagnus umbellata typical quercus serrata community subunit : stephanandra incisa rhus chinensis typical quercus autissima community camellia japonica community zelkova serrata-acer mono community carpinus coreana community

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.476-478
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• 2003

Capability of material fixation in forest was noticed since COP3, but now it was difficult to understand material fixation in wide area. In this study, we attempted to estimate and test the amount of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fixed by forest from satellite images. First, we classified into tree species and estimated the number of trees in the forest by species, area, and digital numbers. We inspected to apply it in wide area. Next, we compared the amount of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus with NDVI and each band of satellite images.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.559-575
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• 2012

This study, targeting Namhan Mountain Fortress which was designated as a No. 57 national historic site and placed on the World Heritage Tentative List in 2010, was intended to identify the change of vegetation structures by reviewing past references, pictures, research data and additionally conducting a site survey. Also, it was designed to draw up measures for restoring vegetation suitable for historically and culturally valuable Namhan Mountain Fortress. According to the biotope mapping of study site, Quercus spp. forest distributed a greatest part of area with 40.8% of $2,611,823m^2$. Pinus densiflora forest, highly likely to go through ecological succession, was dispersed in the whole region of Cheongryangsan, the area from West Gate to North Gate and the ranges between South Gate to Cheongryangsan with taking 16.5%. Pinus densiflora forest with a low probability of succession amounted to 4.7% and was dispersed mainly in the forest behind Namhansan elementary school. Pinus densiflora going on the ecological succession is distributed a portion of 2.9%. And the currently dying out Pinus densiflora forest amounted to 2.1%. As a result of analysis of the vegetation structure for 19 years, the succession from Pinus densiflora forest to Pinus densiflora and succession from Quercus spp. mixed forest to Quercus spp. forest to Carpinus laxiflora forest were predicted. Additionally, Quercus spp. expanded its dominance over time. According to the characteristics of each classified zone, the site was categorized into $553,508m^2$ area of Pinus densiflora forest area for the landscape maintenance, $114,293m^2$ area of Pinus densiflora forest area for the landscape restoration, $205,306m^2$ area of Pinus densiflora forest area for the disclimax, and $1,169,973m^2$ area of Pinus densiflora forest area for inducing ecological succession.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine the recovery of forest ecosystem at the burned areas of coniferous (Mt. Chosdae) and broad leaved forest (Samsinbong in Mt. Chiri) by investigating the changes of forest vegetation. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In the Samsinbong, the total number of species appeared at the burned area were 5 species at tree layer, 11 species at sub-tree layer and 24 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 5 species at tree layer, 14 species at sub-tree layer, 18 species at shrub layer and 23 species at herb layer, respectively. In the Mt. Chosdae, the total number of species appeared at the burned area only showed to 83 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 7 species at tree layer, 13 species at sub-tree layer, 21 species at shrub layer and 46 species at herb layer, respectively. 2. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Samsinbong, pH was 5.8, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 7.42%, 0.73%, 28.5mg/kg, 1.3me/100g, 13.3me/100g and 2.2me/100g, respectively. But they showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Mt. Chosdae, pH was 5.3, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 6.42%, 0.25%, 24.4mg/kg, 0.7me/100g, 3.7me/100g and 2.1me/100g, respectively, and they also showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. 3. An the burned and unburned areas of Samsinbong, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,049.1mg/m^2/h$ and $9,950.0mg/m^2/h$, respectively. An the burned and unburned areas of Mt. Chosdae, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,392.4mg/m^2/h$ and $8,286.5mg/m^2/h$, respectively.