• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기관식도과학회 1981년도 제15차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
• /
• pp.4.1-4
• /
• 1981

저자는 1975년부터 1980년까지 서울대학교병원 이비인후과에 입원치료한 15세 이하의 기도이물환자 74례를 대상으로 임상통계학적으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 성별 및 연령별로 보면 유소아의 기도이물 74례중 남자 55례, 여자 18례로 남녀비는 3 : 1이며 연령분포는 2세미만이 41.8%로 가장 많고, 3세까지의 증례는 75.5%이었고, 5세까지의 증례는 83.6%이였다. 2) 증상및 이학적 소견에서는 내원시의 증상은 호흡-곤란, 기침, 청색증등이었으며, 6.7%에서는 전혀 증상이 없었다. 초진시의 이학적소견은 흡기의 감소, 천식음, 거친호흡음등이었으며 10.8%에서는 전혀 이학적 소견이 없었다. 3) 내원까지의 시간은 48.6%가 24시간내에 내원하였으나 2년이 지나서 내원한 례도 있었다. 4) 방사선학적 소견에서는 내원시의 단순흉부X-선 소견은 무기폐 25.0%, 폐기종 32.8%, 확실한 이물음영 17.2%이었고. 17.2%에서 정상이었다. 5) 이물의 종류와 개재부위는 기도이물 74례중 식물성 60.8%, 금속류가 17.5%, 프라스틱류 16.2%, 어골류, 2.7% 기타 2.7%이었다. 이물의 개재부위는 우측기관지 40.5%, 좌측기관지 31.0%, 기관 9.4%, 다발성 6.7%이었다. 6) 연령에 따른 이물의 종류를 보딘 5세이하에서는 대부분이 식물성이물이었고, 6∼15세에는 금속류와 프라스틱제품도 있었으며 특히 프라스틱 제품은 10세이상의 남자에 많았다. 7) 이물적출방법을 보면 Ventilating Bronchoscopy 82.3%, 기관절개술 2.7%, 흡입적출 2.7%, 자연배출 1.3%, 개흉술 5.4%, 사망이 5.4%이었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제58권6호
• /
• pp.600-606
• /
• 2005

Background : The development of bronchoscopic equipment along with the precision of radiographic techniques had reduced the mortality rate of patients with tracheobronchial foreign bodies but has been no change in the incidence of tracheobronchial foreign bodies since their introduction. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of a tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment modality in children and adults. Methods : This is a retrospective review of 64 patients who underwent bronchoscopic procedures for the treatment of aspirated foreign bodies from December 1994 through March 2004 at the Chonnam national university hospital. Results : There were 47 males and 17 females, aged from 1 month to 78 years. Most of the patients had no underlying illness except for one patient with a cerebrovascular accident that contributed to the foreign body aspiration. The most common symptom was cough, which was noted in 54 patients (84.3%). The other presenting symptoms were dyspnea (48.8%), fever (20.3%), sputum (14%), vomiting (7.8%), and chest pain (4.6%). Those whose tracheobronchial foreign bodies were diagnosed more than 2 days after the aspiration (21 patients) were more likely to have pneumonia than those whose foreign bodies were diagnosed within 2 days (p = 0.009). Foreign bodies were visualized in the plain chest radiographs in 12 cases (18.8%), while others showed air trapping (21, 32.8%), pneumonia (15, 23.4%), atelectasis (7, 10.9%), and normal findings (9, 14.1%). The foreign bodies were more frequently found in the right bronchial tree (36) compared with the left bronchial tree (22, p = 0.04). In order to remove the foreign bodies, twenty (31.2%) cases were removed using flexible bronchoscopy, while 42 (65.6%) and 2 (3.2%) cases required rigid bronchoscopy and surgery, respectively. Conclusions : Tracheobronchial Foreign body aspiration had a bimodal age distribution in the infancy and old age around 60 years. They were found more frequently in the right bronchial tree. In addition, patients whose foreign bodies were diagnosed more than 2 days after the aspiration were more likely have a infection. Rigid bronchoscopy is the procedure of choice for uncooperative children and for those with foreign bodies lodged deeply in the small bronchial tree.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기관식도과학회 1979년도 제13차 학술대회 연제순서 및 초록
• /
• pp.9.2-9
• /
• 1979

기도이물은 이비인후과임상에서 가끔 볼 수 있는 질환으로, 때로는 순식간에 생명을 위협하거나 중증의 합병증을 초래하기도 하며 연령의 차이, 이물종류와 형태의 다양성, 이물 개재부위의 다변성으로 인하여 획일적으로 동일하게 처리될 수 없는 난점을 가지고 있다. 현대에 이르러 신속한 진단 및 내시경 및 검사법의 발전, 기타 보조기구의 발달등에 힘입어 불행한 결과를 취하는 예가 감소되기는 하였지만 항상 생명의 위험성을 내포하고 있다. 최근 저자들은 흥미하는 기도이물 3례를 경험하였기에 문헌적 고찰과 더불어 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
• /
• pp.8.3-8
• /
• 1982

과거 5 년간 (1977∼1981) 서울대학교병원 이비인후과에서 경험한 72예의 기관 및 기관지이물환자의 합병증에 대한 임상분석을 실시하였다. 합병증은 58예 (80.6%)에서 발생되었다. 24예(33%)에서는 한가지 이상의 합병증이 있었으며, 22예는 폐기종. 5예에서 무기폐, 1예에서 폐염이 발생되었고. 4예는 사망하였다. 저자들은 합병증의 분석결과와 함께 이를 일으키는 요인 및 처치에 대하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제34권9호
• /
• pp.1546-1557
• /
• 2010

This study analyzes the status of foreign direct investment in Korean textiles and fashion firms and investigates the factors determining their performance. A total of 1,251 cases (including 1,116 manufacturers and 135 of distributors from the 2009/2010 Korean Overseas Business Directory published by KOTRA) were used. The results of this study are as follow: 1) In the case of manufacturers, China was the most heavily invested in country, and the Asian region that included China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Bangladesh consisted of 80% total investment. In cases of distributors, China was also the first ranking country and other countries, that included Vietnam, United States, and Japan are major ones. 2) In terms of the foreign entry mode, wholly-owned subsidiaries represented 90% of total cases. As the index of the degree of localization, the ratio of local employees was very high. 3) Different countries were utilized by year, type of business, and area of process. In manufacturers, Indonesia, China, and Vietnam were the most heavily utilized countries in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively. For distributors, China was the major market ill the 1980s and 1990s but Vietnam has emerged as the biggest market in the 2000s. In terms of area of process, China was for manufacturing fibers and fabrics, Vietnam was for most items, Indonesia was for assembly, knit, accessories, and Bangladesh was for embroidery and accessories. 4) The determining factors of the age of foreign business as the proxy index and performance of foreign business entry, were different by the type of business. For manufacturers, four factors including the dollar amount of investment, number of local employees, the mode of foreign direct investment, and entry to China were significant. On the other hand, only two factors including the dollar amount of investment and entry (other than China) were significant distributors.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
• /
• pp.5.1-5
• /
• 1982

식도 및 기도이물은 순간적인 부주의로 우리 생활주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있으며 대부분의 경우를 제거하게 된다. 그러나 보호자의 무지, 환자가 연소자인 경우, 그리고 치료자의 적극적인 진단이 결여된 경우에 이물의 존재를 파악하지 못한채 장기간 체내에 체류하게 되며 그 결과로 생긴 합병증을 주소로 타과에서 치료를 받던 중 뒤늦게 이물을 발견하고 이비인후과로 전원되는 경우가 간혹 있다. 저자들은 체내에 장기간 체류한 식도이물 1 례와 기관지이물 1 례를 각각 경험하였기에 그 문헌적 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2004

The majority of esophageal Foreign body ingestions occur in the pediatric population. In adults, true foreign object ingestion occurs more commonly among those with psychiatric disorders, mental impairment. The management of esophageal foreign bodies is influenced by the age, clinical condition of ingested material, anatomic location and technical abilities of the endoscopist. Recently the therapeutic endoscopy is becoming wider and more rational in application. We evaluated the role of endoscopy for removal of esophageal foreign bodies during the period of 4 years from January 2000 to December 2003 at the Department of Otolaryngology and Gastroenterology, Seonam University Hospital. The results were as follow, 1) The age ranged from 21 to 74 years old (mean 50.5), most frequent age group was between 61-70 years old and male to female ratio was 1:1.4. 2) Fish bone was the most frequent foreign body in the esophagus ($47.1\%$), food material ($23.5\%$) and meats ($17.6\%$) were next frequent foreign bodies. The most frequent site of lodgement was the first ($78.4\%$), second ($17.6\%$) and third narrowing ($3.9\%$) in order. 3) The most common symptom was foreign body sensation (28.6%). the next common symptoms were chest discomfort($23.8\%$) and dysphagia($19\%$). 4) In duration of lodgement, 49cases ($96.1\%$) were lodged for less than one day. 5) The foreign bodies of esophagus were removed successfully by flexible endoscope with basket, snare, forceps, overtube and endoscopic variceal ligation cap. There were only 3 cases of minimal complications, esophageal mucosal tearing. In conclusion, endoscopic esophageal foreign body removal is useful and safe with minimal or no complications.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.101-117
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate domestic and foreign fashion sock design trends and suggest a proposal for competitive fashion sock design developments. The methods of this study are undertaken by literature review and design trend analysis. For the design trend analysis, in the case of domestic cases, 209 pictures from 7 brands, and in the case of foreign cases, 870 pictures from 10 brands are being chosen. In terms of analysis criteria, the colors, patterns, lengths and images of both the domestic and foreign socks are being compared. As a result, among the fashion foreign socks, more than 4 colors are the most common, and dark & dark grayish, strong & deep color tones are the most popular. Also, the stylized, geometrical patterns, and casual, cute and unique images are generally used. In the case of domestic fashion socks, 2 colors are the most common with vivid, strong & deep color tones as the most popular. Furthermore the patterns are limited to geometric patterns, and the images of socks are inclined to be too casual. To enhance the competitiveness of Korean sock designs, the variety of patterns and images are essential.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.19-47
• /
• 2015

International arbitration is an increasingly popular means of alternative dispute resolution for cross-border commercial transactions. The primary advantage of international arbitration over court litigation is enforceability. An international arbitration award is enforceable in most countries in the world. Especially, statistics indicate of ASEAN such as Malaysia and Singapore that the vast majority of defeated companies comply with the terms of international arbitral awards against them or settle soon after the award is rendered. Unlike Malaysia and Singapore, in Indonesia, there are several grounds for refusal of enforcement of an award including where both the nature of the dispute and the agreement to arbitrate do not meet the requirements set out in the Arbitration Law. Because Indonesia does not acknowledge decisions of foreign courts, theoretically they could enforce an international arbitral award which was set aside by the court in the seat of arbitration. This paper introduces the legal system and cases of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards in ASEAN, especially Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. Secondly, by comparing their law and cases, the paper emphasized the international suitability and global fitness in involved in recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.307-315
• /
• 1988

A clinical analysis was performed on 97 cases of chest injuries experienced at Department of Thoracic and cardiovascular Surgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital during 2 years period from 1986 to 1988. Of 97 patients of chest trauma, 39 cases were result from penetrating injuries whereas 58 cases were from non-penetrating injuries, and there were 77 cases of hemothorax and / or pneumothorax, 47 of rib fracture, 8 of foreign body, 6 scapular and clavicle fracture, 5 of diaphragmatic injuries, 4 of paraplegia. The majority of chest injuries were encounted in the age group between 21 and 30 years-old, mean age was 25.9 years-old and all cases were male except one. Gun-shot wound was the most common cause in the penetrating injuries and the majority of non-penetrating chest injury patients were traffic accident and fist or kick accounted for next. The principles of therapy for chest trauma were rapid expansion of the lung by closed thoracostomy[45 cases] and thoracentesis only[3 cases] but thoracotomy done at 27 cases because of massive bleeding or intrapleural hematoma, foreign body, cardiac injury, diaphragmatic injury and bronchial rupture. The over-all mortality was 2.07 percent[2 cases among all], a case was from penetrating injuries and another was from non-penetrating injuries.