• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-120
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• 2020

The Scope of Application of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act and Foreign Investment Act This article examines whether the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act and the Foreign Investment Act of North Korea apply to South Korean parties or companies. This article analyzes laws and agreements related to economic cooperation between South Korea and North Korea. Furthermore, this article compares and evaluates laws related to foreign investment and enacted in North Korea. Now, North Korea's door is closed due to economic sanctions against it, but it will be opened soon. Thus, this article prepares for the future opening of North Korea's markets. Is there a rule of laws in North Korea or just a ruler? Are there laws in North Korea? North Korea has enacted a number of legislation to attract foreign investors, referring to those Chinese laws. For example, North Korea enacted the Foreigner Investment Act, the Foreigner Company Act, the Foreign Investment Bank Act, the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, the Foreign Economic Contract Act, the International Trade Act, and the Free Economy and Trade Zone Act, among others. Article 2 (2) of the Foreign Investment Law of North Korea states, "Foreign investors are corporations and individuals from other countries investing in our country." It is interpreted that South Korea is not included in the "other countries" of this definition. According to many mutual agreements signed by South Korea and North Korea, the relationship between the two Koreas is a special relation inside the Korean ethnic group. An arbitration between a South Korean party and a North Korean party has the characteristics of both domestic arbitrations and international arbitrations. If the South Korea and North Korea Commercial Arbitration Commission or the Kaesong Industrial Complex Arbitration Commission is not established, the possibility of arbitration by the Chosun International Trade Arbitration Commission, established under North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, should be examined. There have been no cases where the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act is applied to disputes between parties of South Korea and North Korea. It might be possible to apply the Foreign Economic Arbitration Act by recognizing the "foreign factor" of a dispute between the South Korean party and North Korean party. It is necessary to raise legislative clarifications by revising the North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act as to whether Korean parties or companies are included in the scope of this Act's application. Even if it is interpreted that South Korean parties or companies are not included in the scope of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act, disputes between South Korean companies and North Korean companies can be resolved by foreign arbitration institutes such as CIETAC in China, HKIAC in Hong Kong, or SIAC in Singapore. Such arbitration awards could be enforced in North Korea pursuant to Article 64 of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. This is because the arbitration awards of foreign arbitration institutes are included in the scope of North Korea's Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. The matter is how to enforce the North Korean laws when a North Korean party or North Korean government does not abide by the laws or their contracts. It is essential for North Korea to join the New York Convention (Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards) and the ICSID Convention (Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States).

• 한국인구학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.129-157
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• 2011

본 연구는 교육수준이 이민과 이주노동자에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 특히 동아시아 3개국(한국, 일본, 대만)에서 이주노동자의 증가에 대해 교육수준과 세계화에 대한 태도에 따라 어떠한 차이를 보이는가를 비교 분석한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 EASS(East Asian Social Surveys) 자료를 활용하였으며, 개인이 가지고 있는 외국인근로자에 대한 태도를 교육수준에 따른 각 태도의 수준별 이행확률로 검증할 수 있는 순차로짓모형을 적용하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육수준별 이주노동자에 대한 태도를 살펴보면, 한국, 일본, 대만 동아시아 3개국이 국가별로 상이한 결과를 보여준다. 한국의 경우에는 학력이 높을수록 이주노동자에 대해 배타적 태도를 나타내는 반면, 일본과 대만의 경우에는 학력이 높을수록 개방적 태도를 보인다. 특히, 대만의 경우에는 이러한 경향이 두드러진다. 둘째, 교육계층별로 이행과정의 가중치를 분석한 결과, 한국과 대만의 경우에는 전반적으로 이주노동자의 증가를 반대하는 입장이며, 일본의 경우에는 현 수준에서 유지되기를 희망하는 경향이 있다. 또한 일본과 대만의 경우에는 고학력층에서 이주노동자의 증가를 원하지만, 한국의 경우에는 고학력층에서 이러한 경향이 보이지 않는다. 결론적으로 모든 국가들에서 교육수준이 높을수록 이주노동자에 대해 개방적이라고 볼 수 없으며, 각 국가의 정치 사회 문화적 특성에 따라 동일 교육수준 내에서도 차이가 존재한다는 시사점이 제시된다. 또한 교육수준이 이주노동자에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향을 설명하는데, 집단 간 경제적 경쟁에 근거한 접근보다 사회문화적 접근이 필요함을 말해준다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.18-36
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• 1997

본 연구는 조경적 측면에서의 모법인 대한민국 헌법의 여러 조문 중에서 환경보전과 생태학이라는 객체에 직, 간접적으로 관련되어 있다고 판단되는 조문들을 자연과학적 관점에서 분석했으묘, 현재 적용되고 있는 환경보전과 생태학과 관련된 국내법(법률: 40종, 지침: 1종, 판례: 1종)과 국외법(헌법: 1종, 법률: 34종, 조례: 2종, 판례: 3종)을 수집, 비교하였다. 또한 수집된 국내, 외 관련볍규를 법조문상의 내용을 기준으로 하여 환경(생태)보전의 기본원칙 및 개념, 계획수립과 사업시행, 유형, 정책 및 관련사업, 관련권리(권한) 및 의무(책임), 허용 및 규제행위, 환경영향평가 및 행정절차, 제도 등의 항목별로 분류하여 비교, 분석해 봄으로써 여러 법률에 산재해 있는 환경보전과 생태학 관련법규를 일목요연하게 조합하여 상호 관련성을 고찰해 보고, 외국의 각국들이 어떻게 환경보전과 생태학 관련 법규정들을 타 분야로부터 독립시켜 왔으며, 환경적인 측면에서 선진화된 사업을 해오고 있는가를 검토해 보았다.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.63-84
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 환헤지가 기업가치에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 실증분석한다. 2000~2008년 기간의 환변동보험 데이터를 이용하며 종속변수로는 Tobin's Q, 설명변수로는 환헤지 대용변수를 사용하는 패널분석모형을 설계하였다. 패널자료의 특성을 반영할 수 있도록 샘플기업의 헤징행태(hedging behavior)의 변화에 주목하였으며, 환헤지 더미, 환헤지비율 두 변수를 헤징대용변수로 각각 사용하였다. 실증분석 결과, 유가증권시장에 상장된 기업 중 환변동보험에 가입한 기업의 경우 환헤지가 기업가치에 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 환헤지를 하는 경우가 환헤지를 하지 않는 경우에 비하여 기업가치를 7.4% 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 환헤지로 인한 헤징프리미엄이 7.4%라는 것을 의미한다. 그리고 환헤지비율이 높을수록 기업가치는 제고되는 것으로 나타났다. 기타 통제변수들인 기업규모, 수익성, 부채비율 등도 기업가치에 긍정적인 결과를 나타내었다. 본 논문의 의의는 학술적으로 환헤지의 경제적 효과를 직접 실증분석하였다는 점이다. 지금까지 헤징과 기업가치간의 관계를 직접 실증한 국내 연구문헌은 찾을 수 없었다. 기업경영 면에서는 기업가치 제고를 위한 최적 헤징전략이 존재하며, 회사 실정에 맞는 헤징정책이 필요하다는 점을 발견하였다. 정책적으로는 환변동보험의 활성화 필요성을 제기하였다. 정보비대칭으로 인해 시장을 통한 환리스크 관리가 쉽지 않은 중소수출기업들이 환변동보험을 보다 쉽고 공정하게 활용할 수 있어야 한다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.79-112
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• 2007

대외개방의 진전은 해외로부터의 실재적 경쟁(actual competition)과 잠재적 경쟁(potential competition)을 동시에 촉진할 수 있다. 경쟁정책을 집행하는 데 있어 지금까지 경쟁당국은 국내시장에서 수입품이 차지하는 비율, 즉 실재적 해외경쟁만을 고려해 온 경향이 있으며, 잠재적 경쟁에 대한 고려는 상대적으로 적었던 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문은 수입침투율의 국내시장조건에 대한 동태적 반응을 잠재적 경쟁의 측정지표로 사용하여 해외로부터의 잠재적 경쟁이 한국의 산업별 시장구조에 따라 어떤 차이를 가지는가를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 동태적 패널모형을 이용한 실증분석의 결과, 해외로부터의 잠재적 경쟁이 유의하게 존재하며, 이는 국내시장구조가 상대적으로 독과점화되어 있는 경우 보다 강하게 나타난다는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 국내시장구조만으로 경쟁의 정도를 파악하는 데에는 한계가 있으며, 따라서 경쟁정책의 왜곡을 줄이기 위해서는 해외부문과의 잠재적 경쟁을 적절히 반영하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 시사해 주는 것이라고 할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2020

The study aims to investigate the existence of overconfidence bias in Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore. This paper focuses on the Vietnam Stock Market and other two countries of ASEAN, namely Singapore and Thailand. Data was collected over the period from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018, daily returns for each of the securities. This paper uses the time series method, namely ADF test, Granger Causality and VAR approach to find evidences of the overconfidence effect in Vietnam in relation to some ASEAN markets. The results show similarities between the observed countries with slight variations, with focus on Vietnam market. In general concrete evidences of overconfidence were found in both Vietnamese and Singaporean markets, in which Singaporean investors show higher degree of overconfidence than Vietnamese investors. Overconfidence is not as clear in Thai market, however a direct causal link from increased returns to increased investor confidence was found. From the model deployed in the paper, there are reasons to conclude that Thai investors are under-confident. The findings of the study shed lights into the existence of overconfidence bias in Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore on a comparative basis, provide more insights and implications for future research in this new and rising field of research.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2012

Even though the final source selection of foreign weapon system purchase project in defense area is the most important phase, the standard evaluation index has not been developed. This paper provides an appropriate evaluation index using DEMATEL and ANP methods. First, the all possible evaluation criteria applied to the relevant previous literatures in domestic and overseas researches are derived and classified into groups. Second, DEMATEL method is used to determine the network structure representing the relations of cause and effect between groups and their sub-criteria. If isolated factors, not connected with other factors, are existed in the network structure, all factors except for the isolated ones are grouped as one large factor so that the independency between those ones is maintained. The weights of criteria are determined using AHP method if the criteria are independent relation and ANP method if the criteria are networked. The weights of higher and lower level criteria are then integrated and distributed as a point with respect to the decision making purpose. The developed evaluation index can be used as a standard one in various foreign weapon system purchase projects in defense area.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.245-250
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• 2008

The city means not only a geographical area as a role of the spatial boundary, but also a socio-economic place to communicate with each part. It requires various functions to get the income and activities. But city has a limitation of a available land to provide the required function and a sufficient space to supply the activity. Therefore, the development trend of city has not been to spread to the horizontal area any more and considered the vertical area. In addition, various functions put into a massive building because many people want to solve the daily requirements without spending time and cost. In this paper, it aimed at classifying the mixed-use building into function, circulation, relation between the public and private space and the building shape to provide the design information according to the development constraints such as land area, functional limitation, accessibility, etc. The classification of the mixed-use buildings is divided into four areas. The data are collected with foreign countries in Japan, Europe and US.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2006

A study of 117 Korean immigrant women who had husband and(or) children in Hawaii found the relation between social networks and psychological well-being. Social networks composed supporters, support structure, and support contents. Psychological well-being examined family life satisfaction, family life stability, and women's psychological health. Results showed as followed. First, the choice of immigration place among Korean immigrant women and her family based on other family members and friends lived in there. Second, her supporters were family and relatives, Korean friends, foreign friends, religions, belonged organizations and groups, public agencies in Hawaii, and mass-media. The best supporters of them was family and relatives and they mostly provided mental health to Korean immigrant women. Family, Korean friends, foreign friends, and religions tended to support emotional assistance. Third, the level of psychological well-being was higher. Her level of psychological health was higher than the others. Fourth, the best predictors of psychological well-being were child existence, occupation, and immigration duration. Fifth, psychological well-being significantly distinguished different relations of supporters from support structure of social network. The number and support duration with foreign friends supporter and the support duration and the level of perceived useful support content highly related with psychological well-being.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2021

With the evolution of containerization and globalization of supply chains, aspects of port functions have made the transition from the sea to the inland region that forms the dry port. To explore the relationship between dry ports and regional economic development, this study uses a gravity model and forecast model to analyze 1,040 observations in 104 cities (22 dry port cities) along the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2008 to 2017. The model includes economic variables, logistics variables, foreign relations variables, and human capital variables. It was found that the dry port is positively correlated with trade volume. Compared with a city without a dry port, the trade volume of a city with a dry port will increase 0.099 times. It can be concluded that a dry port is crucial for the economic development of the YREB. It was also found that per capita GDP as an economic variable, road area and rail number as logistics variables, and foreign relation variables are positively correlated with trade volume, while the human capital variable has no significant effect on trade volume. In addition, governmental policy implications are addressed from the aspects of dry port and industry cluster caused by foreign investment.