• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 21세기 한반도 농업전망과 대책(한국작물학회.한국육종학회 공동주관 심포지움 회보)
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• pp.24-40
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• 1998

This study attempts to make an observation on the problems and prospects for overseas agricultural investment(OAI) through the insights of farming and farmed companies abroad and through secondary data. OAI mainly aims at the securing steady supplies of crops, which could be anticipated to have increased foreign dependence, and to prepare for crop price fluctuations in the international markets. These functions of OAT are classified with the public and private sector. The public sector needs are largely crops supply for national food consumption and bilateral collaboration between nations. The private sector needs are to gain maximum profits from agricultural investments and to produce raw material for self-consumption in overseas farming companies. The problems in OAI are legal and institutional restrictions in the project area or nation; generally economical unfeasibility in the farm projects, and technical limitations of the farming companies. The prospects of OAI are not very promising. The reason why those many companies which previously planned on OAI changed their investment plans after what is called IMF system with financing difficulties.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of broadband access, education level, population numbers, and investment on the unemployment rate in Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology: This study uses panel data from 34 provinces from 2016 to 2019. The analysis uses the fixed-effect model for panel data with the Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) estimation method. Results: Broadband access has a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate. Mean years of school, population, and foreign direct investment also have a negative and significant impact on the unemployment rate. In contrast, the domestic direct investment variable has a positive and significant effect. Conclusion: The availability of broadband access in an area allows easier and faster access to information. The ease of access to such information can affect producing goods and services, encouraging innovation and employment growth, and reducing the unemployment rate. This research recommends that the government intensify the Indonesia Broadband Plan policy to accelerate the development and equitable distribution of broadband access in all regions of Indonesia.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제68권
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• pp.123-148
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• 2015

Central Asian Countries had been independent in 1991 from USSR. Since then it have been increasing foreign trade and investment amount with outside countries including China, Japan, EU and South Korea. Korean enterprises and entities have endeavored to secure plentiful natural resources, oil and gas energy and expand the market share to exporting the consuming and industrial competitive goods and services for those countries. In the case of disputes of commercial transactions and investment, arbitration is regarded as a dispute resolution system which has been preferred in international transactions and investments by the business world. Since the collapse of the USSR, Central Asian Countries have worked to modernize its arbitration law and procedure to conform with international standard rules. Arbitral legislation in Central Asian countries is based on the Model Law as adopted in 1985. However, CIS's legislation systems of arbitration are not satisfied with the international standard in national laws and practices. That is the reason to consider for the specific parliament about arbitration for the dispute resolutions in the commercial transaction and investment between Korean enterprises and CIS. In this article, it is discuss problems and its alternatives in the dispute resolution about the commercial transaction and investment into Central Asian countries including the tendency to the increasing the trade volumes of goods and investment between South Korea and CIS. According to this article, South Korea consider the long term strategy followed the preferred economic relative partnership for business success on commercial transaction and investment with the Central Asian Countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2022

The study aims to probe the impact of foreign ownership on Vietnamese listed firms' capital structure. This study employs panel data of 288 non-financial firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh City stock exchange (HOSE) and Ha Noi stock exchange (HNX) in 2015-2019. In this research, we applied a Bayesian linear regression method to provide probabilistic explanations of the model uncertainty and effect of foreign ownership on the capital structure of non-financial listed enterprises in Vietnam. The findings of experimental analysis by Bayesian linear regression method through Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique combined with Gibbs sampler suggest that foreign ownership has substantial adverse effects on the firms' capital structure. Our findings also indicate that a firm's size, age, and growth opportunities all have a strong positive and significant effect on its debt ratio. We found that the firms' profitability, tangible assets, and liquidity negatively and strongly affect firms' capital structure. Meanwhile, there is a low negative impact of dividends and inflation on the debt ratio. This research has ramifications for business managers since it improves a company's financial resources by developing a strong capital structure and considering foreign investment as a source of funding.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.69-90
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• 2020

The arbitration system has many advantages, including resilience, speed, ease of approval, and enforcement of foreign arbitration in international disputes, and it plays an important role in today's international business. As the world's economic activities increase, China's trade disputes are intensifying. In 2017, China emphasized the international cooperation and commercial expansion of foreign investment at "One Belt, One Road." Therefore, it is expected that international business will become more active, with the issue of how to recognize and enforce the foreign arbitration awards in China becoming highly important. In addition, South Korea and China maintained deep trade relations after establishing diplomatic relations in 1992 and concluding the Korea-China Free Trade Agreement, which will inevitably increase trade disputes. As far as South Korea is concerned, China is South Korea's largest trading partner, so it is important for South Korea to analyze how foreign arbitration awards are recognized and enforced in China. China's accession to the New York Convention in 1987 was the beginning of the enforcement of foreign arbitrators. However, since China has begun to recognize and enforce foreign arbitrators relatively late, there are many problems in terms of recognizing and enforcing foreign arbitral awards in China. This study introduces the concept and scope of foreign arbitral awards, as well as the legal basis and procedures for recognizing and enforcing foreign arbitral awards, and examines relevant cases and the denial of recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitration award. In the end, some issues and remedies for the recognition and enforcement of the foreign arbitral awards system in China were concluded.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to seek various plans to maintain the advancement of the overseas and domestic employment scenario through a case analysis of the Japanese industry, which maintains domestic employment while promoting the overseas advancement of companies despite having a similar industrial structure as Korea. The study further intends to derive insightful implications for Japanese manufacturing companies and government policies. Research design, data, and methodology - We selected four companies from the Japanese manufacturing industry. Being companies that were successful in increasing the domestic employment scenario while advancing in overseas markets. We utilized several secondary data sources including Japanese newspapers and report literature. Results - Previous studies have shown a negative relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or offshoring and domestic employment. However, our results showed this relationship with respect to the Japanese manufacturing industry as follows: 1. FDI for developing overseas markets does not decrease domestic production. If Japanese companies change their strategy from exports to overseas production, there will be a consequent decrease in domestic employment of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). However, the local production that plans the sales expansion of a foreign market does not substitute domestic production. 2. Several case studies illustrate that, as the production of final goods is expanded in foreign countries, there is a corresponding increase in the export of intermediary goods from Japan. In this case, if the production process of Japanese companies is promoted in foreign markets, the amount of exported material and parts from Japan will consequently increase. 3. It is difficult to consider that the establishment of subsidiary companies in foreign countries by manufacturing companies for wholesale, retail, and services decreases domestic employment. This is because the international development of these industries needs expatriates, expatriate training organizations, and research and development (R&D) activities. 4. When there is overseas demand, the growth of local management activities is expected to increase the work of the overseas business department in the head office in Japan, if competitiveness can be secured for better localization and management speed. 5. The conversion of the domestic manufacturing industry into high value-added production is necessary. The relocation of domestic production to foreign markets decreases domestic employment. To prevent this, the upgradation of domestic production bases, including high value-added production, and R&D capability need to be strengthened. Technology-based companies must develop new technology, patents, processes, and so forth, which require extensive human resources for R&D. Conclusions - Domestic medium-sized companies that are capable of consistently supplying high value-added products should be actively encouraged to deploy into and develop overseas markets. Further, this paper considers the necessity of a guidance policy that provides suggestions for overseas deployment, by the initiation of the government, to companies that cannot do so due to the lack of foreign experience or decisions by the CEO, despite having the relevant capability and technologies to supply high value-added products.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2021

주식자국편향이론에 따르면 외국인 투자자는 국내 투자자보다 정보가 적은 것으로 간주된다. 그러나 경제가 개방되어 가고 해외경제 혁신이 국내 경제에 큰 영향을 미치면 외국인 투자자가 정보보유자(informed trader)로서 투자할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 국적별 거래대금 정보에 독특한 특징이 있는지를 분석하였다. 이 연구가 발견한 것은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 외국인 투자자의 거래 증가는 주식 수익률에 부(-)의 효과를 가진다. 이 부(-)의 효과는 국적에 따라 큰 차이가 없다. 이는 외국인 투자자들이 국적에 관계없이 강한 무리행동을 보인다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 외국인의 투자활동은 주가 변동성을 증가시키지만 그 영향은 크지 않다. 셋째, 외국인의 투자행태는 여전이 포지티브 피드백이다. 그러나 포지티브 피드백은 변화조짐이 있으며, 특히 미국과 케이만 제도의 펀드의 경우에 그러하다. 끝으로 조세피난처 펀드는 다른 외국인 투자자와 다른 투자전략을 가지고 있다. 그러나 한국과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 추정되는 케이맨 제도 펀드는 룩셈부르크와 아일랜드 펀드와는 다른 양상을 가지고 있다. 이러한 결과들은 주식자국편향이론의 기반을 약화시킨다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제5권
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• pp.185-209
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• 2000

A review of shows that past research has focused predominately on foreign market entry strategy issues in relatively well-established firms. These studies have either ignored venture firms or have failed to treat these firms separately. Only recently, researchers have broadened their search to include aspects of the foreign market investment of the venture. The purposes of this study are to identify and explain the impact factors such as ownership specific advantage, transaction cost, and location specific advantage on the choice of foreign market entry strategy for venture firms. To find the perceived the foreign market entry strategy and determinant factors, 130 venture CEOs from the computer and communications equipment industries were asked to describe their venture's foreign market entry strategy through 17 questionnaire items on competitive method. Using factor analysis, the six determinant factors were categorized. To test the relationships between the foreign market entry strategy and factors such as ownership specific advantage, transaction cost, and location specific advantage, the data collected by questionnaire from 92 ventures. The main results of this research are as follows. First, the factors of ownership specific advantage have partially significant impact on the foreign market entry strategy of venture firms, Second, the factors of transaction cost have significant impact on their foreign market entry strategy. Third, the factors of location specific advantage have significant impact on their foreign market entry strategy. This study has produced evidence to demonstrate that the foreign market entry strategy profile of venture firms can be distinguished from those of relatively well-established firms. An expanded study would allow for stronger conclusions regarding the relative explanatory power of individual variables in the method. Additional research is also needed to examine other determinant variables connecting foreign market entry strategy.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.163-190
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• 2009

본 논문은 한국 현지에 진출하여 직접 경영활동을 수행하고 있는 중국 제조업 분야 기업들을 대상으로 대한국 해외직접투자 결정요인을 규명하는 것이다. 결정요인을 구성하고 있는 변수로는 선행연구를 통해서 중국기업들의 경쟁우위요인과 한국의 입지우위요인으로 선정하였다. 경쟁우위요인은 다시 3분되는데, 중국기업의 독점우위요인, 본사의 자회사에 대한 지원 필요성, 그리고 효율성 추구 동기 등이다. 한국의 입지우위요인은 한국의 일반 환경, 중국 자회사들의 한국내 자원의 이용 필요성, 시장과 원자재 조달 동기 등이며, 종속 변수로는 중국 기업들의 투자형태로서 단독투자와 합작투자로 분류하였다. 이들 간의 원인 관계를 실증적으로 분석하기 위해 구조방정식모델링 기법을 사용하였다. 분석 절차를 요약하면, 선행연구를 통해 문헌분석을 실행하고 이를 토대로 연구가설을 설립한 후 이를 검증하기 위한 실증분석을 실시하는 것이다. 즉, SPSS 15.0 for windows를 이용하여 상관분석, 신뢰성 타당성 분석을 실행하였고, 최종적으로 구조 방정식 모델링을 통한 경로분석은 AMOS 11.0 for windows 통계프로그램을 활용하였다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2022

Purpose - The objective of this study is to investigate what motivates global FDI inflows in the different economic development level and to clarify the FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth. Design/methodology/approach - Major macroscopic social·economic factors induced FDI inflows were analyzed using fixed-effect panel regression with 30-year panel data of 28 countries from 1985 to 2014. For analysis in the stage of economic growth, two category of developed and developing countries was used. And to analyze FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth, 4 shares of GDP; consumption·government·investment expenditure and export, was used as explanatory variable. Findings - In developed country, TFP(total factor productivity) and GDP have a great influence on FDI inflows, and consumption and labor compensation have a slight effect. This result indicates that the market seeking-driven, horizontal type investment is shown along with efficiency seeking investment. In developing country, human capital and TFP is shown to have greater impact on FDI inflows and labor compensation, exports, investment and government expenditures also have impacts. Thus it has confirmed that not only efficiency-seeking vertical investment for using low cost well educated laborer, but also government-driven economic growth and export policies could affect the FDI inflows. Research implications or Originality - The FDI investment decision making of multinational companies is decided by their own purpose. But, in the concept of as follows; 1) FDI is a long-term capital flowing for maximization of economic utility with limited global resource, 2) Thus FDI could be affected by macro socio·economic factors of host country. 3) Also such macro factors is different by each economic growth qualitative level. Therefore macro socio·economic factors of each country could be affected by the qualitative level of their own economic growth. To attract FDI inflows, it is desirable to implement differentiated incentive policies in the qualitative level of economic growth. Furthermore in developing countries it is recommended to implement government driven economic growth policies as follows; fostering well educated human resources, improving technology productivity in the relative lower cost labor market compared to developed countries and boosting international export volume.