• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2014

Cross knee curl-up is an ideal variation of abdominal curl up exercise to strengthen abdominal musculature without excessive lumbar flexion which can increase the loads on the disc and ligaments. In addition, slowly forced expiration can facilitate the activation of the abdominal musculature. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of slowly forced expiration on activity of abdominal muscles, such as rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), while cross knee curl-up. Eleven young and healthy subjects (6 males and 5 females) participated. All subjects performed the cross knee curl-up slowly forced expiration and natural breathing. Paired t-test was performed in normalized electromyogram (EMG) muscle activity of the bilateral RA, EO, and TrA/IO to compare the differences between the cross curl-up with slowly forced expiration and natural breathing. Statistical significance was set at .05. There were no significant differences in normalized EMG muscle activity of the bilateral RA, EO, and TrA/IO between the cross curl-up with slowly forced expiration and natural breathing. The finding of this study designates that slowly forced expiration does not induce increasing activity of abdominal muscle in cross knee curl-up; hence, learning step of breathing control might not be necessary to strengthen abdominal muscle in cross knee curl-up.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effective impact of self and resistive and ultrasound-biofeedback diaphragm breathing on the pulmonary function and diaphragm thickening ratio of young adults. METHODS: Thirty normal adults were assigned randomly to three experimental groups (self- diaphragm breathing (n=9), resistive-diaphragm breathing (n=11), ultrasound-biofeedback diaphragm breathing (n=10)). Each group participated for 15 minutes for times with a two minute rest between two sets. The subjects were assessed using the pre- and post- diaphragm thickening ratio and the pulmonary function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, maximal voluntary ventilation, and respiratory rate) on the thirty subjects. A paired t-test was to determine the difference between before and after the experiment in each group of diaphragm breathing before and after the exercises. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the groups. RESULTS: The forced vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation measurements revealed a significant difference in the resistive-diaphragm breathing group than the other two groups. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the self-diaphragm breathing and ultrasound-biofeedback breathing groups. CONCLUSION: The resistive-diaphragm breathing group showed greater improvement in the pulmonary function than the other two groups. Therefore, resistive-diaphragm breathing will improve the pulmonary function on normal young adults.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2022

Background: This study was to determine whether the diaphragmatic breathing exercise using a DiP Belt(Diaphragmatic Pressure Belt) is effective in increasing the diaphragmatic motion and forced vital capacity. Design: Pretest-Posttest design. Methods: A total of 44 subjects(15 male, 29 female) participated in this study. All subjects were measured the diaphragmatic motion with a sonography and the Forced Vital Capacity(FVC) was measured with a digital spirometer. After 4 weeks, the subjects were intervened the diaphragmatic breathing exercise using a DiP belt and were remeasured for diaphragm motion and FVC. Results: After exercise intervention, quiet breathing significantly increased with the change in diaphragmatic motion and showed a moderate effect size (p<.01, Cohen's d = -0.53). In addition, it was significantly increased in deep breathing and showed a high effect size (p<.001, Cohen's d = -1.32). The mean diaphragmatic contraction pressure increased, but there was no significant difference and the peak diaphragmatic contraction pressure increased significantly (p<.05). Both diaphragmatic contraction pressure showed small effect sizes (respectively Cohen's d = -0.28, -0.33). In spirometry, FVC, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV₁), and FEV₁/FVC% all increased, but there was no significant difference. Only peak expiratory flow increased significantly and showed a small effect size (p<.05, Cohen's d = -0.41). Conclusion: The DiP belt diaphragmatic breathing exercise that the principle of visual feedback can correct diaphragm breathing in a short time, so it is a useful breathing exercise device that can help the diaphragm breathing exercise in the right way in clinical practice.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2021

This study examined the effect of the respiratory training centered at forced breathing exercise of blowing out a candle on the improvement of adults' respiratory ability, which means the increased muscle strength of body trunk. After the four-week candle-blowing breathing training, the forced vital capacity (FVC) increased statistically significantly (p<.05). The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) did not show a statistically significant difference before and after the four-week intervention(p>.05). The peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) statistically significantly increased after the four-week blowing-out-the-candle training (p<.05). This study examined the relationship between forced breathing training and pulmonary function of healthy adults including FVC, FEV1, and PEF, which means the increased muscle strength of body trunk, by implementing blowing-out-the-candle breathing exercise centered at forced respiratory exercise and obtained significant results. Further studies that use a sample of patients with advanced respiratory system disease for whom physical therapy is absolutely necessary will be required in the future.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2015

Impaired respiratory function is common in patients with stroke. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of exercises and to assess forced vital capacity and peak cough flow after completion of neck stabilizing and respiratory reeducation exercises (combining diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises). The 45 participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group 1 ($n_1=15$), experimental group 2 ($n_2=15$), and a control group ($n_3=15$). All subjects performed conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes. Experimental group 1 undertook the neck stabilizing exercise and the respiratory reeducation exercise. Experimental group 2 undertook the respiratory reeducation exercise. Additional exercise did not exceed 30 minutes, five times a week for six weeks. The subjects were assessed for deep neck flexor thickness and breathing function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and manual assisted peak cough flow) at pre-post value. The results of this study were as follows. Experimental group 1 showed a significant increase only in deep neck flexor thickness change rate (p<.05). All groups showed significant increases in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and peak expiratory flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed an increase in manual assisted peak cough flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). There was no significant difference between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, but experimental group 1 improved more than experimental group 2 in respiratory function as a whole. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the neck stabilizing exercise in combination with the respiratory reeducation exercise can improve forced vital capacity and peak cough flow in patients with stroke.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a breathing exercise intervention by measuring pulmonary function test (PFT) three times; preoperative, 3rd and 5th day after operation. Methods: This study was designed as a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 55 patients with lung cancer were recruited from a Chonnam university hospital in Hawsun-gun, Korea from January to December 2008. Results: 'Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)' and 'Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second $(FEV_1)$' were significantly improved in the experimental group than those in the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: Breathing exercise intervention was found to be effective in improving pulmonary function among lung cancer patients underwent lung lobectomy. Thus, the breathing exercise can be applied in hospitals and communities for patients with lung cancer as one of the nursing intervention modalities for their better postoperative rehabilitation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in electromyography (EMG) activations of spinal stability muscles with respiratory demand change were due to changes in respiratory demand or in postural demand. Methods: Forty healthy subjects (19male, 21female, $20.8{\pm}1.9$years old) performed quiet breathing and four different forced respiratory maneuvers (FRM) (Pulsed Lip Breathing, Diaphragmatic Breathing, Combination breathing, and respiratory muscle endurance training breathing) while in sitting and standing positions. EMG data for four muscles (TrA/IO, EO, RA, and ES) were collected and filtered using a band pass filter (20~200Hz) and a notch filter (60, 120, 180Hz). Results: There were no significant differences on percentage of change on %MVIC between QB and FRM (PLB, CB, DB, and RMET) between positions (all p>0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of virtual reality and Schroth breathing exercises on the lung function characteristics of normal adults in their 20s. Methods: The subjects were randomly divided into groups with ten people each in the experimental groups, namely the virtual reality breathing exercise group (BBEG) and the Schroth breathing exercise group (SBEG), and the control group. The experimental groups performed each breathing exercise for 4 weeks. Subsequently, pulmonary function test indicators such as the forced vital capacity (FVC) and the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were measured. Results: In the within-group comparison of the subjects before and after the exercises, there was a significant difference in the FVC and FEV1 (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in FEV1/FVC. The result of the difference test between groups showed that there was a significant difference in FEV1/FVC after exercise (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the remaining items (p>0.05). Conclusion: Improvement in lung function was seen in both exercise groups, and the changes in FEV1/FVC indicated significant improvement in the lung function of the experimental groups compared to the control group.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.878-883
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• 2015

The purpose of this study compared the ability of feedback breathing training (FBT) and balloon blowing training to enhance the breathing of elderly people. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into a feedback breathing training group (FBTG) and a balloon blowing training group (BBTG). Each group trained 3 times a week for 4 weeks, with the training suspended during the last 2 weeks. Pulmonary function measurements were obtained before the test and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the test: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and vital capacity (VC). A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted for the significance test. The FBT resulted in a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC of the elderly smokers after 4 weeks and a significant decrease in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEF after 6 weeks. The BBT resulted in a significant increase in the FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC of the elderly smokers after 4 weeks and a significant decrease in the FVC, FEV1/FVC, and PEF after 6 weeks. In conclusion, An at home breathing rehabilitation program, in addition to balloon blowing, could increase the breathing performance of elderly people.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.302-307
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the changes in pain and breathing function when kinesio taping is applied to patients with myofacial trigger points on sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. Methods: The subjects were 25 males and females aged 20 to 30 years (male 10, female 15). They were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group to be applied with kinesio taping. Kinesio taping was applied to SCM muscle three times per week for two weeks. Pain triggered when the taut band or nodule was palpated was measured. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The breathing function was measured using forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratio. In all subjects, VAS, breathing function was measured before and after intervention. Results: In the experimental group, pain in the SCM was relieved as VAS showed a significant decrease and FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio showed a significant increase. Comparison between the groups, showed significant differences in VAS and the FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Conclusion: These results suggest that myofascial pain on SCM muscle is thought a factor that affects the breathing function.