• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1990

A three year's field experiment was carried out on newly reclaimed tidal saline soils to evaluate the salt tolerance and growht characteristics, and their relationship to dry matter production and nutrient quality of main selected pasture species. Nine temperate grasses (14 varieties) and two forage crops (sorghum and pearl millet) were grown under different mulching treatments with medium sand and red-yellow soils (fine loamy materials of Typic Hapludults) from 1986 to 1988. Tall wheatgrass, tall fescue, reed canarygrass and alfalfa showed a good tolerance to soil salinity, especially tall wheatgrass (cv. Alkar) produced 19.6 ton/ha dry matter yield annualy under mulching treatment with medium sand depth in lcm. Pearl millet (cv. Gahi-3) was also evaluated as a salt tolerable forage species. Under salt stress in newly reclaimed tidal lands, plant showed a decrease in the assimirable leaf area (LA) as well as specific leaf area (SP. LA) and a low leaf weight ratio(LWR), and it resulted in a low concentration of crude protein and low digestible dry matter contents. Absorption of macro and micro elements in the plant on tidal lands was increased markedly.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1994년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.124-125
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• 1994

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.425-441
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• 2010

Forages are the backbone of sustainable agriculture. They includes a wide variety of plant species ranging from grasses, such as tall fescue and bermudagrass, to herbaceous legumes, such as alfalfa and white clover. Abiotic stresses, especially salinity, drought, temperature extremes, high photon irradiance, and levels of inorganic solutes, are the limiting factors in the growth and productivity of major cultivated forage crops. Given the great complexity of forage species and the associated difficulties encountered in traditional breeding methods, the potential from molecular breeding in improving forage crops has been recognized. Plant engineering strategies for abiotic stress tolerance largely rely on the gene expression for enzymes involved in pathways leading to the synthesis of functional and structural metabolites, proteins that confer stress tolerance, or proteins in signaling and regulatory pathways. Genetic engineering allows researchers to control timing, tissue-specificity, and expression level for optimal function of the introduced genes. Thus, the use of either a constitutive or stress-inducible promoter may be useful in certain cases. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made towards the development of transgenic forage plants with improved tolerance to abiotic stresses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.703-715
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• 2015

One of the challenges to increase milk production in a large pasture-based herd with an automatic milking system (AMS) is to grow forages within a 1- km radius, as increases in walking distance increases milking interval and reduces yield. The main objective of this study was to explore sustainable forage option technologies that can supply high amount of grazeable forages for AMS herds using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model. Three different basic simulation scenarios (with irrigation) were carried out using forage crops (namely maize, soybean and sorghum) for the spring-summer period. Subsequent crops in the three scenarios were forage rape over-sown with ryegrass. Each individual simulation was run using actual climatic records for the period from 1900 to 2010. Simulated highest forage yields in maize, soybean and sorghum- (each followed by forage rape-ryegrass) based rotations were 28.2, 22.9, and 19.3 t dry matter/ha, respectively. The simulations suggested that the irrigation requirement could increase by up to 18%, 16%, and 17% respectively in those rotations in El-Nino years compared to neutral years. On the other hand, irrigation requirement could increase by up to 25%, 23%, and 32% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in El-Nino years compared to La-Nina years. However, irrigation requirement could decrease by up to 8%, 7%, and 13% in maize, soybean and sorghum based rotations in La-Nina years compared to neutral years. The major implication of this study is that APSIM models have potentials in devising preferred forage options to maximise grazeable forage yield which may create the opportunity to grow more forage in small areas around the AMS which in turn will minimise walking distance and milking interval and thus increase milk production. Our analyses also suggest that simulation analysis may provide decision support during climatic uncertainty.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

This study was conducted from October 2014 to May 2015 to explore forage production and feed values of Italian ryegrass, Rye and whole crop barley as winter forage crops in the Southern region of Korea. The experimental location was over 10 points for each species and each sampling point area was $1m^2$ (Width: 1 m ${\times}$ Length: 1 m). Air mean temperature and rainfall in the Southern region of Korea during the experimental period was $6.95{\pm}5.75^{\circ}C$ and $70.45{\pm}54.68mm$, respectively. Fresh forage yield of Italian ryegrass, the most cultivated forage in the Southern region of Korea, was $44.4{\pm}7.0ton/ha$. The percentage of dry matter for whole crop barley was $28.9{\pm}7.0%$. Crude protein (CP) was higher in Italian ryegrass ($10.7{\pm}5.3%$) while total digestible nutrient (TDN) had the highest value in whole crop barley. Crude protein was not significantly different by location. However, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total digestible nutrient value of forage from Jeonbuk province were higher than in forage from Gyeongnam province.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.38-51
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• 2022

Whole-plant corn (Zea may L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are major summer crops that can be fed as direct-cut or silage. Proso millet is a short-season growing crop with distinct agronomic characteristics that can be productive in marginal lands. However, information is limited about the potential production, feed value, and ensilability of proso millet forage. We evaluated proso millet as a silage crop in comparison with conventional silage crops. Proso millet was sown on June 8 and harvested on September 5 at soft-dough stage. Corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid were planted on May 10 and harvested on September 10 at the half milk-line and soft-dough stages, respectively. The fermentation was evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 days after ensiling. Although forage yield of proso millet was lower than corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, its relative feed value was greater than sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein, and water-soluble carbohydrate decreased commonly in the ensiling forage crops. The DM loss was greater in proso millet than those in corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. The in vitro dry matter digestibility declined in the forage crops as fermentation progressed. In the early stages of fermentation, pH dropped rapidly, which was stabilized in the later stages. Compared to corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen was greater in proso millet. The count of lactic acid bacteria reached the maximum level on day 10, with the values of 6.96, 7.77, and 6.95 Log₁₀ CFU/g fresh weight for proso millet, corn, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, respectively. As ensiling progressed, the concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid of the three crops increased and lactic acid proportion became higher in the order of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, corn, and proso millet. Overall, the shorter, fast-growing proso millet comparing with corn and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid makes this forage crop an alternative option, particularly in areas where agricultural inputs are limited. However, additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of viable strategies such as chemical additives or microbial inoculants to minimize ammonia-nitrogen formation and DM loss during ensiling.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2006

본 시험은 제주도에서 재배되고 있는 제주재래 등 총 6품종을 공시하여 피 품종 간의 생초 및 건물수량과 사료가치 등을 조사 분석하여 간척지에서 최적 사료용 피 품종 선발을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위해 충청남도 당진군에 소재한 대호간척지에서 1년간 수행하였다. 출현율은 겸용인 Summer green 품종이 95.0%로 가장 높았다. 생초 및 건물수량은 Summer green 품종ol 각각 21,444kg/ha와 5,296.5kg/ha으로 가장 높았다. 조단백질 함량은 Shirohie(18.22%) 품종이 가장 높았다. TDN 함량은 Siberian 품종이 가장 높았으며 Panorama 품종이 가장 낮았다. 결과적으로 간척지 토양에서 사료용 피 재배 시 출현률, 생초 및 건물생산성 그리고 사료가치 등을 종합하여 고려할 때 겸용인 Summer green 품종이 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2008

본 시험은 제주지역에서 동계사료작물의 사초생산성과 사료가치를 평가하여 청보리를 대체할 수 있는 사료작물을 탐색하고 제주지역에 적합한 동계사료작물 선발을 목적으로 제주시 난지농업연구소 시험포장에서 2007년 10월부터 2008년 6월까지 수행되었다. 제주지역에서 동계사료작물의 내한성은 모두 우수하였다. 출수 기는 밀('금강' 및 '우리')이 4월 5일로 가장 빨랐으며 '삼한' 귀리가 4월 28일로 가장 늦은 것으로 나타났다. 호숙기는 '금강'과 '우리' 밀 (5월 9일) > '유연' 보리(5월 12일) > 'Swan' 귀리(5월 16일) 순으로 나타났으며 초장은 '신영' 트리티케일이 129cm로 가장 크고 '금강' 밀이 82cm로 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 사초 생산성은 이탈리안 라이그라스('화산 101호')의 생초수량이 128,667 kg/ha, 건물수량이 25,951 kg/ha로 가장 생산성이 높았으며, 곡류 사료작물 중 귀리('삼한')의 건물수량이 22,556 kg/ha로 가장 높았다. 사료가치에서 조단백질 함량은 이탈리안 라이그라스('화산 101호')가 11.2%로 높았고 밀이 10.8%로 곡류 사료작물 중 가장 높았다. TDN 함량은 밀('금강' 및 '우리')이 69.1과 68.8%로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으나 초종 간 차이가 5% 내외로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 제주지역에서 동계사료작물은 수량적인 측면에서는 이탈리안 라이그라스가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 사료비 절감 등을 고려하면 제주지역에서는 귀리나 밀도 곡실효과를 얻을 수 있어 청보리 대체사료작물로 이용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.733-745
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• 2001

This review paper discusses the relevance and potential importance of food-feed systems in Asian agricultural systems, and in particular the role and contribution of legumes to these systems. A food-feed system is one that maintains, if not increases, the yield of food crops, sustains soil fertility, and provides dietary nutrients for animals. It involves a cropping pattern within which the feed crop has many beneficial effects without competing for land, soil nutrients and water with the food crops. The agricultural environment is described with reference to the priority agro-ecological zones and prevailing mixed farming systems in Asia. Within these systems, animal production is severely hampered by critical feed shortages which can however, be alleviated by the integration of suitable leguminous forages into the cropping systems. The review also focuses on the role and potential importance of leguminous forages in terms of biodiversity, their uses in farming systems, beneficial effects on animal performance, and draws attention to six case studies in different countries that clearly demonstrate many benefits of developing such food-feed systems. Considerable opportunities exist for widening the use of forage legumes in the development of systems with several complementary advantages (e.g. fenceline, cover crops, fodder banks, forage source and erosion control) to improve the development of sustainable crop-animal systems in Asia.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.430-433
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• 2009

The development of large-scale environmental friendly livestock complex in the reclaimed tideland is one of different alternatives to increase the competitiveness of internal livestock industry against an international opening markets as DDA and FTA in agricultural field. Recently, it is possible to introduce an environmental friendly livestock complex in the reclaimed tideland by an amendment of the acts for agricultural land. However more studies that are on the basis of nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance need to preserve the agricultural environments as the quality of agricultural water and soil in rural area. In this study, the reference for feasibility study is Whaong reclaimed tideland which located at Whaseong city, Gyeonggi Province, and a basic concept of environmental friendly livestock complex is the production of forage crops with the supply of liquid fertilizer and the production of bioenergy such as biogas by the recycling of pig slurry as a resource. The mass balance of nitrogen based on between forage crops such as maize, barley and liquid fertilizer supplied at the reclaimed tideland, and also it was estimated an economical efficiency as anaerobic digestion plant for treating pig slurry of $100m^3/day$ introduce in an environmental friendly livestock complex.