• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity of induced annual legumes at paddy field of Cheonan and Naju from 2004 to 2006. Chinese milk vetch (wild type), crimson clover (C.V. Linkarus), forage pea (C.V. Austrian pea), hairy vetch (C.V. Oregon commen) were used in this study. At the Naju region, the earliest flowering on 2nd may was found in Chinese milk vetch, while the latest on 18th May in forage pea. Fresh, dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields of crimson clover were highest as 28,870, 6,986 and 943 kg/ha, respectively. but the yield of chinese milk vetch was low by 9,885, 1,749 and 338 kg/ha. At the Cheonan region, the most fast flowering date variety was Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch was very late as 19th May. Fresh, DM and CP yields of hairy vetch were highest as 7,916, 1,141 and 113 kg/ha, respectively. but the yield of chinese milk vetch showed the lowest by 270, 42 and 8 kg/ha. The CP content of annual legumes was 14.3%. chinese milk vetch showed the highest CP content by 19.3% and hairy vetch showed the lowest content by 9.9%. The present data showed that the productivity was closely dependent on winter hardness, in conclusion, crimson clover at Naju and hairy vetch at Cheonan region was suggested to be the most proper species as winter crop after rice harvest on paddy field when considered the winter hardiness.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2010

The Acacia seyal Del. var. seyal belongs to family Mimosaceae is known locally as gum Talha tree. It is a multipurpose tree species occurs throughout the African gum belt in Savannah mostly in pure forest. In Sudan it thrives on heavy clay soils that receive an annual rainfall between 400-800 mm. It is an important source of rural energy (fuelwood and charcoal) and forage. As mentioned by Nair (2007) the economic damage causes by insect in natural forest often difficult to judge due to no enough research attention The tree is frequently affected by biotic factors among them the insect pests. During a survey in the 1980's the tree was severely infested by the longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae) severely infesting other Acacia species, but the ecological data are overlooked. Therefore, the objective of the study was to assess infestation characteristics and to determine environmental factors triggering the attack of longhorned beetles. A temporary random sampling technique was applied to observe the damage characteristics of the longhorned beetles on tree species during May-July 2007. Five sample plots occupies by A. seyal were taken in Kordofan region directly observed for the presence of hole of emergence of the longhorned beetles, presence of dusts, presence of insect stages, girdling as well as other characteristics of damage. The study results indicate that the infestation rate of trees in the sampled sites ranged between zero and 23.08%. Further ecological researches are recommended.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluated the distribution, habitat characteristics, and diet of two Korean freshwater turtle species (Chinemys reevesii, Pelodiscus sinensis) and an invasive turtle species (Trachemys scripta elegans) in the area surrounding the Seomjin River and the Nam River. We surveyed basking turtles in multiple locations along a 48-km stretch of the Seomjin River and in 99 reservoirs distributed along the Seomjin and Nam rivers from June to September, 2009. We observed 8 and 6 red-eared turtles in 3 reservoirs and at 3 sites in the Seomjin River, respectively, and 33 Reeve's turtles in 9 reservoirs. There were also 28 and 16 mud turtles detected at 15 sites along the Seomjin River and in 8 reservoirs, respectively. Among the 14 biotic and abiotic habitat characteristics that might influence the abundance of freshwater turtles in reservoirs, only the distance between a reservoir and the nearest residential areas was correlated negatively with abundance. With regard to the diet, all Reeve's and red-eared turtles investigated were determined to forage on water snails. Some turtles also foraged on vegetation and aquatic invertebrates. Additionally, we found fish in the stomach of one of the Reeve's turtles, and dragonflies in the stomachs of two red-eared turtles.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 1971

An investigation was carried out to know the host range of the rice stripe virus as a basis of the disease control. 1. In order to investigate the host range of the rice stripe virus 30 species including gramineaceae and forage crop and weeds were inoculated with viruliferous Laodelphax sriatellus Fallen. As a result, 21 out of 30 species showed typical symptoms. 2. Cyperus amuricus Maximowicz var. laxus., Pycreus sanguinolentus Nees. and Eriocaulon robustius Makino, not belonging to gramineaceae were known to be new host plants of rice stripe virus. The highest infection occurred on Pycreus sanguinolentus grown widly in the wet paddy fold. 3. The number of vectors inoculated on the plants was decreased after 48 hours than that of 24 hours.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2006

This study was conducted to select the optimum seed mixture for beef cattle (Hanwoo) grazing in middle mountain area at 450m from sea level during 2 years from October 1, 1999. Seed mixtures were composed of four different treatment according to main species such as orchardgrass (T1), perennial ryegrass (T2), timothy (T3) and Italian ryegrass (T4). Grass composition rate of different seed mixtures was decreased mostly at first year of grazing, like 44.9% of orchardgrass in T1 plot, 27.6% of perennial ryegrass in T2 plot, 40.9% of timothy in T3 plot and 40.7% of Italian ryegrass in T4 plot, respectively. Main species in seed mixture were decreased in grazing pasture, but kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue were increased in all plots. Italian ryegrass in T4 plot was well grown in early grown stage and inhibited the growth of other grass species, and 44.2% of Italian ryegrass was maintained in second year in the grazing plot. Average dry matter yields of first you showed 6,673 kg/ha and second year was 10,177 kg/ha. Average TDN yields of different seed mixtures were 6,399 kg/ha in T1, 7,769 kg/ha in T2, 4,383 kg/ha in T3 and 7,146 kg/ha in T4 plot. Average herbage dry matter intakes by different seed mixtures during 2 years were 5,937 kg/ha in T1, 6,375 kg/ha in T2, 4,925 kg/ha in T3 and 6,456 kg/ha in T4. This result indicated that perennial ryegrass would recommended in main species of Hanwoo grazing pasture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2019

This study was conducted to establish spring sowing techniques in preparation for the impacts of climate change on sowing time and wintering rates of winter forage crops such as barley, oat and IRG. Oat showed the highest yield in 2017 which had relatively dry climate condition. And when sowing in late Febrnary 2017 yielding 9,408kg/ha were obtained, yielding 4,011kg/ha more than IRG's sown in the same period. In 2018 which had relatively wet climate condition, four barley species decreased in the production from the previous year. Oat also had decreased by 70% from 9,408kg/ha to 2,851kg/ha. On the other hand, IRG maintained the production in the mid-5,000kg/ha range. It was also found that IRG had the least variability due to external influences regardless of seeding period for 2 years. Mixed sowing with IRG and oat in 50:50 ratio was the highest dry matter, 6,584kg/ha, and IRG was 18.5% and Oat was 2.3 times higher than single planting.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

This pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of combined micronutrient application($T_1$;control, $T_2$; Fe, $T_3$; Fe＋Mn, $T_4$; Fe＋Mn＋Cu, $T_5$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn, $T_6$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn＋Mo, $T_7$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn＋Mo＋B) on forage performance of pure and mixed cultures of orchardgrass and white clover. The third part was concerned with the changes in the contents and yields of N-compounds (crude/pure protein and soluble N-compounds) in forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The contents of N-compounds(crude/pure protein and soluble N-compounds) were generally different according to the forage species, whether it was a pure or mixed culture, and additional fertilization, especially N. In orchardgrass, these contents were relatively low at the $T_3$ and $T_6$ in both pure and mixed cultures. In white clover, these contents were relatively decreased by the $T_1$, $T_3$, and $T_6$ in mixed culture. 2. The treatments influenced relatively more on the yields of crude/pure protein than on the dry matter yields of forages, and this tendency was more significant in white clover than in orchardgrass. 3. In white clover, the great differences in the yields of crude protein by the treatments occurred especially in mixed culture and at 5th cut without no additional fertilization. In white clover, the positive effects of optimum treatments on the yields of crude protein seemed to be decreased by the additional fertilization, especially N. In mixed culture, the favorable growth of white clover by the optimum treatments tended to be positively related to the favorable contents and yields of N-compounds. The changes in the yields of pure protein were similar to the tendency of crude protein

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

This pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of combined micronutrient application($T_1$;control, $T_2$; Fe, $T_3$; Fe＋Mn, $T_4$: Fe＋Mn＋Cu, $T_5$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn, $T_6$ ; Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn＋Mo, $T_7$ ;Fe＋Mn＋Cu＋Zn＋Mo＋B) on forage performance of pure and mixed cultures of orchardgrass and white clover. This 4th part was related to the changes in the contents of micronutrients(Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, and B) in forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. General differences have been showed in the contents of micronutrients based on the treatments, forage species, pure/mixed culture, cutting order, and additional fertilization, especially N. Compared to pure culture, orchardgrass showed relatively high contents of Mn and Zn, and low contents of B and Fe in mixed culture. White clover, however, tended to be exactly opposed to the above trends. The contents of Cu and Mo did not show any differences between pure and mixed cultures. 2. In relative comparison, the $T_7$ influenced negatively on the contents of Cu, Zn, and Mo in orchardgrass. The $T_7$ also influenced negatively on the contents of Mo in white clover. However, the $T_7$ influenced positively on the contents of Mn in orchardgrass, and also influenced positively on the contents of Fe, Mn, and Cu in white clover. Because of the antagonism between Fe and Mn, the Fe contents in both forages were significantly decreased by the $T_3$. Under the various conditions, the differences among Fe contents tended to be more significant in white clover than in orchardgrass. 3. At the $T_6$ and $T_7$, the Mo contents in both forages tended to be relatively high. The Mo contents, however, were somewhat decreased by the $T_7$ 7/. The Mo-toxicity, which was caused by the high Mo-contents, tended to be diminished, and was likely to be prevented by the optimum B/Mo ratio and B application($T_7$ ).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 1985

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of crown density of trees on the growth and yield of cool-season grasses in forest. The species used in this study was orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and 4 levels of tree crown density(O=full sunlight, 25, 50 and 75%) were treated. The experiment was performed at the experimental filed of the Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, during 1979 to 1950. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Maximum leaf area was obtained at 25% crown density of trees, followed by 0, 50 and 75%, regardless of cutting times. 2. Plant height tended to increase as the crown density of trees increased. However, there was no difference between 0% and 25% crown density of trees. 3. There was a negative correlation between plant height and leaf area of orchardgrass grown under pine trees. 4. The more dry matter yield of orchardgrass was obtained at 25% crown density of trees (p<0.05), follwed by 0, 50 and 75%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between 0% and 50% crown density of trees. Therefore it is suggested that the critical level of crown density of trees is 50% to culture of cool-season grasses in forest.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1995

Seedling development among reciprocal FI hybrids and their parents, Lotus comiculatus and L renuis, were studies using a simple method of measuring cotyledon area. Cotyledon area attached to the plant could be measured with simple rapid method. Cotyledons expanded very rapidly during the first week, then slightly expanded until maximum size was reached around 3 weeks after emergence. Cotyledon area upon emergence was correlated with seed size (P=0.05), but after emergence there was a divergence in cotyledon expansion rate. Rapidity of photosynthetic area development was determinant factor for seedling growth of trefoil species. 2 $\times$ m2 and 1 $\times$ m2 among the hybrids promised the possibility increasing seedling vigor of birdsfoot trefoil.