Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.14
no.1
/
pp.18-26
/
1994
Forage quality evaluation with several grasses grown at a high altitude pasture situated at 1,000m above sea level was made to determine what is the feed value of these grasses and whether these grasses have any differences in forage quality compared with the grdsses grown at lowland pastures. In this experiment, Common, Venture, and Palaton reed canarygrass (Phahris arundinucea L.) and Climax timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were used and harvested at two different dates, 5 July and 30 September, 1989. Cmde protein (CP) concentrations in the grasses grown in September were higher than in July. Among the grasses grown, Palaton and Common reed canarygrass were highest in CP concentration in July and September, respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations in the grasses harvested in July were higher than in September. Palaton reed canruygrass was lowest in ADF and NDF concentrations at the both harvest dates. Relative feed value (RFV) in the grases harvested in July was ranged from 92 to 105 and that in September was from 110 to 117. Palation reed canarygrass had the highest RFV of 105 and 117 in July and September, respectively, therefore, the forage quality of this grass was ranked as Grade 2 based on the AFGC Hay Quality Standards. Overall forage quality of the grasses grown at a high altitude pasture seemed to be higher than the forage quality at lowland pastures. Based on the RFV assigned by the AFGC, forages with RFV 92 to 117 in this experiment could only work well in rations for low producing dairy cows.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.18
no.1
/
pp.55-60
/
1998
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the pasture types and the leveling methods of winding slope land for seedbed on the runoff, soil loss, botanical composition, dry matter yield of forage and economical value at the Experimental Field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suweon, from 1994 to 1995. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Runoff of the improved land was higher than that of the unimproved land in the top grass and bottom grass. 2. Soil loss of the improved land was higher than that of the unimproved land in the top and bottom grasses in the first year. However, it was slightly higher in the unimproved land, and all of it were greatly decreased in the second year. 3. The percentage of grasses coverage was increased with the improved land in the first year, and it was not different between the improved land and unimproved land in the second year. Also, it was slightly increased in the bottom grasses. 4. Dry matter yield of grasses was increased with improved land at the top and bottom grasses. DM yield of grasses was increased in the top grasses in the first year and bottom grasses in the second year, respectively. 5. The establishment cost of grasses was decreased with wages decrement, and the management cost was saved about 1,116,000 won per ha with improved land. The results demonstrated that although soil loss was increased by leveling methods of improved land irrespective of pasture types in the first year, it was decreased with time little by little. Also, improved land was very good for grasses coverage, dry matter(DM) yield and economical value.
Habte, Ermias;Muktar, Meki S.;Negawo, Alemayehu T.;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Ki-Won;Jones, Chris S.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.39
no.3
/
pp.185-188
/
2019
The production of traditional cool season grasses in temperate regions is becoming hampered during summer seasons due to water deficit. Thus, incorporating water use efficient warm season annual grasses are generally considered to fill the gap of summer season forage reduction that would offer considerable flexibility and adaptability to respond to forage demand. Teff (Eragrostis teff Zuccagni) Trotter) is, a C4 drought tolerant warm season annual grass primarily grown for grain production, recently gaining interest for forage production particularly during summer season. Previous reports have showed that teff is palatable and has comparable forage biomass and feed quality as compared to other warm season annual grasses which would make it an alternative forage. However, the available data are not comprehensive to explore the potential of teff as forage, hence further assessment of genotype variability and performance along with compatibility study of teff with forage production system of specific environment is key for future utilization.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.18
no.1
/
pp.27-34
/
1998
The present study elucidates of the effect of less water stress in different temperature condition on the emergence of forage grasses. Water condition was controlled to 30% and 60% by water content by wet soil. The mean temperature is conducted by $10^{\circ}C$ (out side) and $20^{\circ}C$ (glass house). The results are as follows: 1. Mean emergence time and emergence day after sowing of grasses were greatly influenced by water content of soil and temperature. It was suggested that temperature was very important for the light competition with weed in the early growth of grass. 2. Accumulatied emergence of grasses was nat afected by temperature, but it was sensitively affected by water content of soil.
Park, Hyung Soo;Seo, Sung;Lim, Young Chul;Choi, Ki Chun;Kim, Ji Hea;Lee, Ki Won;Kim, Jong Geun
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.33
no.4
/
pp.263-268
/
2013
We investigated the range of linoleic acid concentrations in different forage species and harvest stages. The linoleic acid concentrations in main cultivated grasses and forage crops were analyzed at three harvesting dates in Korea. The experiment compared 19 species of main grasses and forage crops, including eight species of grasses (Perennial ryegrass, Reed canarygrass, Tall fescue, Timothy, Bromegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Orchardgrass and Wheat grass), six legumes (White clover, Red clover, Sweet clover, Crimson clover, Alfalfa and Hairy vetch) and five forage crops (Italian ryegrass, Barley, Rye, Oat and Rape) in Korea with three cuts (8 May, 19 May and 28 May). The linoleic acid concentrations of Reed canarygrass and Timothy were the highest, and Bromegrass was the lowest among the grass species. All grass species had high concentrations of linoleic acid at the late May harvest stage but were low at the mid May harvest stage. Legumes had higher linoleic acid concentrations than those of grasses, and harvesting in mid-May resulted in the highest linoleic acid concentration. Rape had the highest linoleic acid concentration and rye showed high concentrations of linoleic acid when compared with those of forage crops. All species of grasses and forage had decreased linoleic acid concentrations by the harvest stage. We have demonstrated opportunities to change the composition of ruminant products through breeding, selection, and management of grasses for altered levels of linoleic acid as a precursor to conjugated linoleic acid.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.7
no.2
/
pp.97-102
/
1987
To find out the nutrient contents of temperate grasses on the south and north slope, a field experiment was conducted with five forage species of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Agrostis gigantea and Trifolium repens. It was treated by randomized block design with 4 replications and lasted from September, 1983 to October, 1986 in Suweon. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Mean chemical compositions except NFE and crude fiber of the forage species on the south slope were a little more contented than that of north. But all crude components were significant difference among the species on the south and north exposure. 2. Production of TDN (total digestible nutrient), StE (starch equivalent) ME (metabolizable energy) and NEL (net energy lactation) of different grass species on the north slope were much more increased by 5-30% per ha (Dactylis glomerata by 5-876, Festuca arundinacea by 5%, Phleum pratense by 24-26% and Agrostis gigantea by 25-30%) than that of same grasses on the south, however, those of Trifolium repens were much more increased by 4 1-42% per ha in the south. 3. Mineral contents, Ca/P ratio and K/ (Ca + Mg) equivalent ratio of the species were slightly different between the exposures. But considering the factors of occuring grass tetany, those of the forage species on the north slope were better than that of same species on the south.
Preservation of forage crops as silage offers opportunity to avoid the high risk of rain-damaged hay in the humid south-central USA. Recent developments with baled silage or baleage make silage a less expensive option than typical chopped silage. Silage has been important in the region primarily for dairy production, but baleage has become an option for the more extensive beef cattle industry in the region. Silage samples submitted to the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Forage Quality Lab from 2006 through 2013 were assessed for dry matter (DM) and forage nutritive characteristics of chopped silage and baleage of the different forage types from commercial farms primarily in Louisiana and Mississippi. Of the 1,308 silage samples submitted, 1,065 were annual ryegrass (AR) with small grains (SG), the warm-season annual (WA) grasses, sorghums and pearl millet, and the warm-season perennial (WP) grasses, bermudagrass and bahiagrass, providing the remaining samples. Concentration of DM was used to indicate an effective ensiling opportunity, and AR silage was more frequently within the target DM range than was the WA forage group. The AR samples also indicated a high-quality forage with average crude protein (CP) of 130 g/kg and total digestible nutrient (TDN) near 600 g/kg. The cooler winter weather at harvest apparently complicated harvest of SG silage with chopped SG silage lower in both CP and TDN (104 and 553 g/kg, respectively) than either AR silage or baleage of SG (137 and 624 g/kg for CP and TDN, respectively). The hot, humid summer weather along with large stems and large forage quantities of the WA grasses and the inherently higher fiber concentration of WP grasses at harvest stage indicate that preservation of these forage types as silage will be challenging, although successful commercial silage samples of each forage type and preservation approach were included among samples of silages produced in the region.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.10
no.2
/
pp.70-76
/
1990
The present study elucidates the effect of drught by polyethylene glycol solution on germination of five temperate and two tropical grasses. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The germination percentage of seven grasses decreased with increasing concentration of polythylene glycol. 2. The germination pattern hi higher concentration of polyethylene glycol showed similar trends to the emergence pattern under drought stress in soil condition. 3. The treatment of 30g is most useful at this study. Therefore, polythlene glycol was the appropriate to creat the drought condition of soil.
In order to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage plants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 266 samples (61 grasses and 65 legumes grown in the dry season, 60 grasses and 80 legumes grown in the rainy season) were collected from the highland and the lowland in 1998 to 2000, and were subjected to the determination of mineral composition. The mean contents of Ca, Mg, P, Na and K in grasses were 0.6, 0.3, 0.5, 0.1 and 2.3%, respectively, and in legumes were 1.8, 0.5, 0.8, 0.1 and 1.7%, respectively. The least-squares analysis of variance demonstrated as follows; For the grasses, Ca content was significantly affected by the year${\times}$season, year${\times}$altitude, and the season${\times}$altitude interactions. Mg content was significantly affected by year and season and P content was significantly affected by altitude, year and by the year${\times}$altitude interaction. For the legumes, Ca content was significantly affected by altitude and the year${\times}$season, season${\times}$altitude and the year${\times}$altitude interactions and Mg content was significantly affected by season or altitude and by the year${\times}$season interaction. These results indicate that Ca content of forage plants grown at the lowland in rainy season was higher than at the highland in dry season. Mg content of forage plants grown at the lowland in dry season was higher than at the highland in rainy season and P content of forage plants grown in the highland was higher than in the lowland.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.12
no.2
/
pp.104-110
/
1992
This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen(N) fertilization levels(0. 120, 240 and 360 kg/ha/y) on seasonal nitrate nitrogen($NO_3$-N) concentration and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of grasses grown under shading condition. The plants were sampled on 7. 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after harvesting in spring(May), summer(July) and autumn(September), 1988. respectively. Shading degree was controlled artificially ca. 45-50%, and each annual level of N was distributed 5 times equally. The $NO_3$-N concentration of grasses was very low(0.064 %) in spring, high in summer(O.l98 %) and autumn(0.234%), and NO,-N was slightly decreased with growing of grasses. Also the NO,-N concentration of grasses was increased significantly with increasing level of N. In spring, the $NO_3$-N of grasses was very safety(less than 0.1 %), regardless of plant height and N level. In summer and autumn, however, plant heights of below 40 cm(summer) and 44 cm(autumn), and N levels of over 210 kg(summer) and 140 kg(autumn) were over toxic level to animals, respectively. The WSC content of grasses was slightly decreased with grass growth. and significantly decreased with high level of N. From the above results, it is suggested that 200 kg/ha of N in this experiment is effective for forage quality. Also a little more amount of N(50-70kgltimes) in spring. and low level of N(20-30 kgltimes) in summer and autumn season may be desirable on woodland posture.
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