• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2000

Haglund's syndrome produces retrocalcaneal bursitis or achilles tendinitis due to impingement of posterior superior bursal projection of calcaneus on insertional fibers of achilles tendon. Haglund's syndrome has been mainly associated with wearing rigid counter shoes and with athletes. We experienced three case of late sequelae of secondary Haglund's syndrome after malunion of tongue type calcaneus fracture. It is to be the first description of secondary Haglund's syndrome after calcaneus malunion and also the first report as the late complication of calcaneus fractures. Three cases were all tongue type intraarticular fractures and were treated with $45^{\circ}$ superior angle resection of superior calcaneal tuberosity. Clinical results by modified Rowe score were excellent with complete pain relief for all three cases.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

Objective: This study investigated the effect of a 16-week upright body exercise program on body balance and plantar pressure balance in elderly women. Method: The subjects included elderly women in B Metropolitan city who participated in an upright body exercise program twice weekly for 16 weeks. The subjects' physical characteristics (height, weight, body mass index [BMI]), posture balance, and foot plantar pressure were measured before and after the experiment. Results: The upright body exercise program showed positive changes in posture balance and foot plantar pressure balance in seven elderly women. Conclusion: The second version of the upright body exercise program improved and may prevent postural imbalance in elderly women. This program could be utilized to improve posture and foot balance in elderly persons.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.330-335
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• 2004

The needs of walking assistive device such as the Ankle Foot Orthosis (A.F.O.) are getting greater than before. However, most of the A.F.O. are generally imported rather than domestic manufacturing. The major reason of high import reliability is the rack of impact properties of domestic commercial products. Therefore, this research is going to focus on the evaluation of impact properties of the A.F.O. which has the high import reliability. Unfortunately, these kinds of researches are not performed sufficiently. This research is going to evaluate impact energy behavior in composite materials such as the glass/epoxy (S-glass, $[0/90]_{2S}$) and the aramid/epoxy (Kevlar-29, woven type, 8 ply) of ankle foot orthosis. The approach methods were as follows. 1) The history of impact load and impact energy due to the various velocities. 2) Relationship between the deflection and damage shape according to the impact velocities. 3) The behavior of absorbed energy and residual strength rate due to the various impact velocities.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2023

Intramuscular myxoma is a rare benign myxoid tumor that is difficult to differentiate from other benign soft tissue tumors and sarcoma, and as a result, intramuscular myxoma is commonly misdiagnosed as another type of soft tissue tumor. Accordingly, awareness of the existence of this condition is a fundamental requirement for treatment decision-making. Furthermore, although intramuscular myxoma appears grossly to be well-circumscribed, it can infiltrate adjacent soft tissue microscopically. Tumor resection is the recommended treatment, but appropriate surgical margin sizes remain controversial. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first South Korean report to be issued on the treatment of intramuscular myxoma of the foot.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.116-120
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical and radiological results of 6.5 mm full threaded cancellous bone screw fixation of calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: Thirty seven patients diagnosed with Sanders type II or III calcaneal fractures, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a 6.5 mm full threaded cancellous bone screw between August 2014 and August 2017, were analyzed. Both the preoperative and postoperative Böhler angle and Gissane angle were measured radiographically. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale on the final follow-up were also assessed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.7 years and the mean follow-up period was 29.5 months. In the Sanders classification, type II and III were 16 and 24 cases, respectively. The Böhler and Gissane angles improved from 21.2° and 122.6° preoperatively to 21.6° and 120.3°, respectively, in the postoperative radiographs. All cases achieved bony union, and the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale was 90.7 and 91.3 in Sanders type II and III, respectively, at the final follow-up. Conclusion: The treatment of calcaneal fractures using a 6.5 mm full threaded cancellous bone screw can reduce the complications with minimally invasive surgery and achieve firm fixation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1527-1530
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• 2002

Factor analysis was applied to the phenotypic correlation matrix of 15 linear type traits (scored linearly 1 to 50 points) for 2035 Holstein cows of 38 sires computed from data collected between 1988 and 1992 in Beijing Shuangqiao Farm and Beijing Xijiao Farm. The 15 linear type traits were stature, body strength, body depth, dairy form, rump angle, rump length, rump width, rear leg side view, foot angle, fore udder attachment, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder cleft, udder depth and teat placement rear view. The first four components accounted for 49.1% of the total variance in type scores. Factor 1 reflected strong cows, with deep bodies, with long and wide rumps, and tall in stature. Factor 2 reflected cows with well attached fore udders, wide rear udders and whose udders were supported by strong suspensory ligaments with close teat placement. Factor 3 reflected cows with good dairyness, sickled in the hocks, high rear udders and udder floors above the hocks. Factor 4 reflected cows with sloping rumps from hooks to pins and with steep foot angle. Principal component and factor analyses are useful to clarify the relationships among type traits.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of foot pressure generated by active materials of a functional insole. Comfort is an important consideration while selectingfootwear and insoles. Consequently, it has an influence on injury. The development of new materials for functional insoles is considered one of the more important points for their manufacture. The method adopted in this study is as follows. First, ten healthy males were selected as subjects for the study. Each subject's foof was pre-screened podoscope(Alfoots, Korea) to check for the presence of any foot abnormalities, Two kinds of equipment were used for the study: a foot pressure device from Pedar-X, Germany, and a treadmill from Pulsefitness, UK. Next, each subject was asked to test four types of insoles(insoles of outdoor shoes, indoor shoes, walking shoes, and sports shoes) via walking trials on the treadmill at a constant speed of 4.2 km/h. The pressure distribution data(contact area, maximum force, maximum peak pressure, and maximum mean pressure) was collected using the pressure device at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Results of the tests showed that all four types of functional insoles increased contact areas whit the foot. Further, functional insoles of walking shoes and sport shoes decreased the foot pressure. From these results, we conclude that the active materials of functional insoles of shoes can increase the contact area and provide greater comfort.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 1986

This paper is concerned with the mutual relationship among interpressure, last. foot within a new shoe and foot within a fifty-hour-used shoe at the standing posture at three different heel-heights 1. The interrelationship between the heel-heights and interpressure is very significant at the level of $0.1\%$. The heel-heights cause high interpressure at different parts of foot; heel point and big toe point in a 3 cm-heel shoe, big toe point and heel outside joint point in a 5 cm-heel shoe, and little toe point, heel-outside joint point, and arch point in a 7 cm-heel shoe. 2. Foot girth and foot width measurements either within a new shoe or within a fifty-hour-used shoe significant at the level of $5\%,\;1\%,\;0.1\%$ and show discrepancies at three different heel heights; the part between instep and ball joint in a 3 cm-heel shoe, toe part in a 5 cm-heel shoe, heel-inside joint. heel-outside joint and toe part in a 7 cm-heel shoe are highly influenced by heel heights. The higher the shoe-hee15 are, the more heavily the fore part of foot is pressured in lateral direction because shoe is made to have high instep from a fashion viewpoint. Higher shoe heels prevent weight pressure from being concentrated on heel. If shoe heels are toe high, people in such shoes feel easily tired. It is very worthy of note in selecting shoes to consider not only the shoe fashion but also fore shoe type, heel height, and shoe material with proper elasticity.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of combined first metatarsal and calcaneal osteotomy for static cavovarus deformity of the foot. Materials and Methods: We performed a dorsal closing wedge $1^{st}$ metatarsal osteotomy and a lateral and upward displacement calcaneal osteotomy for 9 patients, 12 feet (6 male and 3 female). The mean age at the time of operation was 37 years and the mean followup period was 27 months. The causes of deformity were 2 poliomyelitis, 1 cerebral palsy, 1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and 5 idiopathic type. Five lateral ligament reconstructions of the ankle and six percutaneous Achilles tendon lengthenings were added. The surgical results in terms of pain, function and alignment of the foot were evaluated by means of AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and talo-$1^{st}$ metatarsal, calcaneus-$1^{st}$ metatarsal and calcaneal pitch angles were checked with weight bearing radiographs in lateral projection. Results: Talo-$1^{st}$ metatarsal and calcaneal pitch angles were reduced from the mean preoperative values of $21^{\circ}$ and $25^{\circ}$ to $12^{\circ}$ and $19^{\circ}$, respectively, at last followup. Also, calcaneus-$1^{st}$ metatarsal angle was increased from the mean $114^{\circ}$ to $114^{\circ}$. The mean AOFAS score was improved from 44.5 points preoperatively to 89.2 points at followup. There were 1 metatarso-cueiform joint nonunion, 1 sural nerve injury and 3 remaining symptomatic claw toes. Conclusion: Combined first metatarsal and calcaneal osteotomy appears to be an effective procedure for the treatment of adult static cavovarus foot.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.585-589
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• 2011

Purpose: Microcirculation of diabetic patients is commonly comporomised, regardless of the condition of the macrocirculation. Therefore, direct tissue oxygenation measurement is recommended in determining tissue viability and predicting wound healing potential. This study was designed to determine cut-off value of the tissue oxygenation in predicting wound healing in diabetic foot patients. Methods: This study included 41 feet of 41 diabetic foot patients who were treated in the Diabetic Wound Center of author's institution between January and June, 2009. Main inclusion criteria were type 1 or 2 diabetes and a foot ulcer (duration > 3 weeks) and ulcer area (from 1 $cm^2$ to 4 $cm^2$). Measurements of the area of diabetic foot ulcer were carried out before treatment. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure ($TcpO_2$) was measured at adjacent site of ulcer. The healing wound was defined as complete wound closure within 12 weeks. Results: Average diabetic foot ulcer areas with healing and nonhealing wounds were $2.67{\pm}0.76$ and $2.59{\pm}0.75\;cm^2$, respectively. There was no significant difference in the wound area between the groups. Average foot $TcpO_2$ in healing and nonhealing wounds were $68.56{\pm}23.07$ and $30.98{\pm}16.66$ mmHg, respectively ($p$ <0.01). The rate of healing wound increased as $TcpO_2$ increased. In particular, $TcpO_2$ lower than 40 mmHg and higher than 40 mmHg showed the most significant difference (wound healing rates of 25% and 71%, respectively). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, the minimal $TcpO_2$ value thought to be required for adequate wound healing in diabetic wounds (cut-off value) is 40 mmHg.