• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.55-59
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• 2011

Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess the degrees of foot abnormalities by comparing foot abnormalities after stroke using the FPI, and to investigate the relationship between the FPI and spasticity. Methods: 33 hemiplegic patients (patient group) and 39 healthy subjects (control group) were evaluated foot posture by the FPI. Spasticity in patient group was measured by the MAS. And the relationship between Foot posture and spasticity in patients group were investigated. Results: Hemiplegic feet in patients were supinated feet compare with non-hemiplegic feet in hemiplegic patients and the foot in control group. The degree of spasticity affected foot posture. Conclusion: Foot posture is related to stroke impairments, stroke patients with more severe spasticity have more severe foot abnormalities as supinated foot.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2012

It is important to assess foot posture when investigating the relationship between lower extremity dysfunctions and foot types. Although several measurements of static foot posture have been used, there is no consensus regarding clinical measurements for foot posture. The aim of this study is to explore the differences among navicular drift (NDt), foot posture index (FPI), arch index (AI), dorsal arch height ratio (DAHR), normal navicular height truncated (NNHt) and to discover the most effective measurement. After foot types were classified by navicular drop test (NDp), clinical measurements of NDt, FPI, AI, DAHR, and NNHt were performed on 64 subjects' feet. ANOVA analysis was used for the variance of the difference between the NDp and the five kinds of clinical measurements, and the level of significance was set at ${\alpha}$=.05. The results showed that all five clinical measurements demonstrated significant differences with navicular drop. In post-hoc, FPI and NNHt showed significant differences in all foot types. The five clinical measurements are suitable the classification of foot types through the NDp. Therefore, it could be possible to assess correct and objective foot posture by using FPI and NNHt.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to differences of foot plantar pressure balance and lung capacity according to cervical posture in adults. Method: The subjects consisted of 33 adults in their 20s and 50s who use M centers in B-gu and H-gu, B-City, and they measured foot plantar pressure balance and lung capacity according to cervical posture (cervical normal curvature posture, cervical flexural posture) in adults. Results: In this study, the difference of foot plantar pressure balance according to cervical posture were analyzed. In the difference between left and right foot pressure balance. It was 1.50% increased in the cervical flexural posture than in the cervical normal curvature posture, and a statistically significant difference was observed. In the difference between the anterior and posterior foot pressure balance. It was 4.28% increased in the cervical flexural posture than in the cervical normal curvature posture, and a statistically significant difference was observed. The difference of lung capacity according to cervical posture were analyzed. In the PEF, It was 58.63 l/min decreased in the cervical flexural posture than in the cervical normal curvature posture, and a statistically significant difference was observed. In the FEV1, It was 0.15 ℓ decreased in the cervical flexural posture than in the cervical normal curvature posture, and a statistically significant difference was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that had a positive effect on differences of foot plantar pressure balance and lung capacity at cervical normal curvature posture in adults. In future research, itis believed that research on the elderly who have collapsed the normal curvature posture due to aging, as well as teenagers whose normal curvature posture due to the use of smartphones, will contribute to the balance of foot pressure and improvement of the right cervical habits. In future studies, it is also believed that it will be necessary to measure lung capacity after performing exercise according to the cervical posture, thereby providing sufficient oxygen during exercise to enhance the persistence and efficiency of the movement.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.153-157
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-postural control on foot pressure in subjects with forward head posture. Methods: Forty-two healthy adults were recruited in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: The forward-head postural (FHP) group (craniovertebral angle<$53^{\circ}$, n=22) and the control group (craniovertebral angle${\geq}53^{\circ}$, n=20). In the FHP group, foot pressure was measured using three different standing postures: Comfortable standing posture (CSP), subjective neutral standing posture (SNSP), and neutral standing posture with visual feedback (NSP-VP). Each position was performed in random order. In the control group, foot pressure was measured only using the comfortable standing posture. Results: With respect to CSP and SNSP, there was a significant difference on heel pressure between the two groups (p<0.05). Regarding NSP-VP, however, there was no significant differences on heel pressure between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that cervical posture control using visual feedback has a positive effect on the distribution of foot pressure in subjects with forward head posture.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.156-162
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activity of internal oblique, rectus femoris, and multifidus according to knee posture and foot bar angle during pilates reformer high flank exercise. Twelve women in their 20s were recruited within six months of their experience as pilates instructors. The subjects performed six types of high flanks according to knee posture and foot bar angle. EMG signals of internal oblique, rectus femoris, and multifidus during exercise were measured and analyzed by integral EMG. The collected data were processed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA. In this paper it shows the following results. First, internal oblique iEMG was not significantly different according to knee posture and foot bar angle. Second, the rectus femoris had an interaction effect according to knee posture and foot bar angle. Third, there was no significant difference in multifidus according to knee posture and foot bar angle. In conclusion, according to the exercise method, the activity of the rectus femoris was the highest in the knee bending and high foot-bar angle high plank exercise, and there was no difference between the internal oblique and multifidus.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of improvement of posture and foot balance between the exercise group and the control group after upright body type exercise program of 12 weeks with 14 female students in B female high school. According to the procedure of this study, following conclusion came out. First, The change of head's posture became near a centerline and a significant decrease from $7.57{\pm}13.95mm$ to $2.71{\pm}5.23mm$ in experimental group and there was a statistically significant difference (p<.002). The change of left foot balance was near the perfect balance (50%) from $48.93{\pm}3.87%$ to $49.74{\pm}2.95%$ and right foot balance was from $51.07{\pm}3.87%$ to $50.26{\pm}2.95%$ in experimental group and there were near the perfect balance (50%). The change of left foot balance of control group fall away the perfect balance (50%) from $49.97{\pm}2.67%$ to $49.08{\pm}1.41%$, right foot balance also fall away the perfect balance (50%) from $50.03{\pm}2.67%$ to $50.92{\pm}1.41%$. As a conclusion, upright body type exercise program considered to effect posture and foot balance in female high school girls. Consequently It was suggested that upright body type exercise program with improvement and prevention for posture's unbalance of female high school girls. This program could be utilized for improvement of youth posture and foot balance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2012

PURPOSE: This study investigated to correlation between foot and knee posture characteristics in knee osteoarthritis patients. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 103 patients with clinically and radiographically-confirmed knee osteoarthritis was investigated using the quadriceps angle (QA), distance of both knee (DBK), ankle dorsiflexion angle (ADA), navicular drop (ND). One-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation were used to investigate the correlation between foot and knee posture measurements. All of whom agreed to participate in the study. In order to assure the statistical significance of the results, we used for SPSS ver. 18.0 for windows. RESULTS: The results of this study were as follows : 1) There were statistically significant difference in the correlation between QA and DBK. 2) There were statistically significant difference in the correlation between DBK and ADA. CONCLUSION: According the results of this study, patients with osteoarthritis exhibit more genu varus knee posture. Moreover patients with osteoarthritis were not correlation between foot and knee Posture characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two different lifting posture on the plantar foot pressure, force and COP(center of pressure) trajectory path during object lifting. Fourteen healthy adults who had no musculoskeletal disorders were instructed to lift with two postures(stoop and squat) and two object weights(empty box and 10 kg box). Plantar foot pressures, forces and COP trajectory path were recorded by the F-mat system(Tekscan, Boston, USA) during object lifting with barefoot. Plantar foot surface was defined as seven regions for pressure measurement; two toe regions, three forefoot regions, one midfoot region and one heel region. Paired t-test was used to compare the outcomes of peak pressure and maximum force with different two lifting postures and two object weights. Plantar peak pressure and maximum force under hallux was significantly greater in squat posture than stoop posture during the two different boxes lifting(p<.05). During the empty box lifting, maximum force under lessor toes was significantly less and plantar peak pressure under second metatarsal region was significantly greater in squat than stoop(p<.05). Maximum force under heel was significantly less in squat than stoop posture during 10kg box lifting(p<.05). Finally, COP trajectory path was significantly greater in squat than stoop(p<.05). These findings confirm that there are significantly change in the structure and function of the foot during the object lifting with different posture. Future studies should focus on the contribution of both structural and functional change to the development of common foot problems in adults.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.168-176
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• 2021

Background: The foot is a complex body structure that plays an important role in static and dynamic situations. Previous studies have reported that altered foot posture might affect knee joint strength and postural stability, however their relationship still remains unclear. Objects: The purpose of this study was to identify whether pronated foot posture has an influence on knee isokinetic strength and static and dynamic postural stability. Methods: Forty healthy young males aged 18 to 26 years were included. Foot posture was evaluated using the Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6), and the subjects were divided into two groups according to their FPI-6 scores: a neutral foot group (n = 20, FPI-6 score 0 to +5) and a pronated foot group (n = 20, FPI-6 score +6 or more). Biodex Systems 3 isokinetic dynamometer was used to evaluate knee isokinetic strength and hamstring to quadriceps ratio at three angular velocities: 60°/sec, 90°/sec, and 180°/sec. The static and dynamic postural stability in a single-leg stance under the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions were measured with a Biodex Balance System. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in knee isokinetic strength and static postural stability (p > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in the medial-lateral stability index (MLSI) for dynamic postural stability under the eyes-closed condition (p = 0.022). The FPI-6 scores correlated significantly only with the dynamic overall stability index (OSI) and the MLSI (OSI: R = 0.344, p = 0.030; MLSI: R = 0.409, p = 0.009) under the eyesclosed condition. Conclusion: Participants with pronated foot had poorer medial-lateral dynamic stability under an eyes-closed condition than those without, and FPI-6 scores were moderately positively correlated with dynamic OSI and dynamic MLSI under the eyes-closed condition. These results suggest that pronated foot posture could induce a change in postural stability, but not in knee isokinetic strength.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week professional body massage program (PMP) on forward head posture, neck pain, and plantar foot pressure balance in men in their 20s. Method: A total of 20 men with musculoskeletal diseases were recruited for this study. The participants were asked to take part in a PMP twice a week for 12 weeks. The cranial vertical angle (CVA) for forward head posture and visual analogue scale (VSC) for neck pain and right/left foot plantar pressure balances were extracted to compare between pre- and post-program differences. Results: CVAs before ($56.86{\pm}4.55^{\circ}$) and after ($62.72{\pm}4.57^{\circ}$) and VSCs before ($6.95{\pm}1.70$) and after ($1.70{\pm}1.56$) PMP revealed statistically significant differences. The right foot, after PMP, showed a significant increase in the plantar pressure balance from $46.17{\pm}2.95$ to $49.44{\pm}1.29%$, while the left foot decreased significantly from $53.83{\pm}2.95%$ to $50.56{\pm}1.29%$. Therefore, based on these results, it may be said that the foot pressure balance abilities were improved after PMP because the ideal foot pressure ratio is 50%. Conclusion: Consequently, it was suggested that a 12-week PMP could be utilized for improvement of forward head posture, neck pain, and foot plantar pressure balance in men in the 20s with musculoskeletal diseases.