• Title/Summary/Keyword: Foot Index

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Research of Efficacy of Curculiginis Rhizoma aquaous extract on collagen induced arthritis (선모(仙茅) 열수(熱水) 추출물의 Collagen 유발 관절염에 대한 약리 효능 연구)

  • Seo, Bu Il;Roh, Seong Soo;Park, Ji Ha;Park, Chan Ik;Koo, Jin Suk
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: In Korean medicine, Curculiginis Rhizoma was treated for arthritis in remedy. But efficacy of Curculiginis Rhizoma on collagen induced arthritis was not revealed.Methods: Anti inflammatory effect of Curculiginis Rhizoma was researched in vitro with RAW264.7 cell and cell toxicity, levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-12) and PGE2 were analyzed by ELISA assay. Inflammatory protein were analyzed by western blotting assay (JNK, ERK, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β). In vivo, collagen induced arthritis mice model was used to evaluate anti-inflammation effect through arthritis index, immune cell number and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in serum.Results: ECR(Extract of Curculiginis Rhizoma) has not shown cell toxicity in 200 ㎍/㎖ on RAW264.7 cell. ECR suppressed releases of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and PGE2 on RAW264.7 cell treated with lipopolysacharide (1 ㎍/㎖). And ECR inhibited regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA, reduced protein release of JNK, ERK, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β and TNF-α. AI of group treated with ECR 200 ㎎/㎏ and 100 ㎎/㎏ were significantly decreased compared to vihicle arthritis mice, the number of immune cell in foot joint was increased on control mice but those of group treated with ECR 200 ㎎/㎏ and 100 ㎎/㎏ were significantly reduced. This results correspond with contens of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in serum.Conclusions: Curculiginis Rhizoma has anti-inflammation effect on RAW264.7 cell in vitro and collagen induced arthritis in vivo. So it is necessary to research more mechanism for cascade imfact.

The Effect of Form of Outsole on Lower Leg Electromyography during Gait (보행시 신발 밑창 형태가 하지 근활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jong-Sun;Choi, Hyun-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to analysis the effect of form of outsole on lower leg Electromyography (EMG) during gait. The subject were 11 women(mean age $47.33{\pm}4.4$ years, height $158.00{\pm}3.3$cm, weight $59.50{\pm}6.1$, body mass index $23.80{\pm}1.8kg/m^2$), who had no serious foot musculoskeletal disease within3years prior to study. The vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior were compared during gait with 2 types of shoe(complex function double rocker sole, negative-heel rocker sole) by using pair t-test(p<.05). The vastus medialis, gastrocnemius, semitendinosus were not found to be significantly different among the 2 types of shoe but tibialis anterior were found(p<.05). The complex function double rocker sole shoe caused a significant change in energy expenditure compared to the negative-heel rocker sole shoe.

Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis(SBIA) for Determining Body Composition (부위별 생체 전기 임피던스법을 이용한 체성분 분석에 관한 연구)

  • 차기철;손정민;김기진;최승훈
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 1997
  • A new bioelectrical impedance method has been developed and evaluated. The electrodes; were made of stainless steel and electrical interfaces were created by an upright subject gripping hand electrodes and stepping onto foot electrodes. Eight tactile electrodes were in contact with surfaces of both hands and feet; thumb, palm and fingers, front sole, and rear sole. Automatic on-off switches were used to change current pathways and to measure voltage differences for target segments. Segmental body resistances and whole body resistance(RWHOLE)were measured in 60 healthy subjects. Segmental resistances of right arm(RRA), left arm(RLA), trunk(RT), right leg(RRL) and left leg(RLL)were310.0$\pm$61.6$\Omega$, 316.9$\pm$64.6$\Omega$, 25.1$\pm$3.4$\Omega$, 236.8$\pm$31.2$\Omega$ and 237.6$\pm$30.4$\Omega$, respectively. Individual segmental impedance indexes(Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT, and Ht2 /RLA) were closely related to lean body mass(LBM)as measured by densitometry ranged from r=0.925 to 0.960. Ht2/(RRA+RT+RLA) predicted LBM slightly better(r=0.969) than the traditional index, Ht2/RWHOLE(r=0.964), supporting the accuracy of the segmental measurement. A multiple regression equation utilizing Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT and Ht2/RRL predicted LBM with r=0.971. Ht2/RRA term of the regression contributed to more than 40$\%$ of the LBM prediction, indicating that lean mass of arm represented whole body LBM more closely than other body segments. The new bioimpedance method was characterized by upright posture, eight tactile electrodes, segmental measurements and utilization of electronic switches in comparison with the traditional method. The measurement with this new method was extremely reproducible, quick and easy to use.

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Effects of Vertical Alignment of Leg on the Knee Trajectory and Pedal Force during Pedaling

  • Kim, Daehyeok;Seo, Jeongwoo;Yang, Seungtae;Kang, DongWon;Choi, Jinseung;Kim, Jinhyun;Tack, Gyerae
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.303-308
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    • 2016
  • Objective: This study evaluated the vertical and horizontal forces in the frontal plane acting on a pedal due to the vertical alignment of the lower limbs. Method: Seven male subjects (age: $25.3{\pm} 0.8years$, height: $175.4{\pm}4.7cm$, weight: $74.7{\pm}14.2kg$, foot size: $262.9{\pm}7.6mm$) participated in two 2-minute cycle pedaling tests, with the same load and cadence (60 revolutions per minute) across all subjects. The subject's saddle height was determined by the height when the knee was at $25^{\circ}$ flexion when the pedal crank was at the 6 o'clock position (knee angle method). The horizontal force acting on the pedal, vertical force acting on the pedal in the frontal plane, ratio of the two forces, and knee range of motion in the frontal plane were calculated for four pedaling phases (phase 1: $330{\sim}30^{\circ}$, phase 2: $30{\sim}150^{\circ}$, phase 3: $150{\sim}210^{\circ}$, phase 4: $210{\sim}330^{\circ}$) and the complete pedaling cycle. Results: The range of motion of the knee in the frontal plane was decreased, and the ratio of vertical force to horizontal force and overall pedal force in the complete cycle were increased after vertical alignment. Conclusion: The ratio of vertical force to horizontal force in the frontal plane may be used as an injury prevention index of the lower limb.

The Comparison of Lower Limb Muscle Activities and VMO/VLO Ratio according to Direction for Using the Ramp in the Normal Adult (정상성인에서 경사로의 사용 방향이 다리근육의 활성도 및 안쪽/가쪽넓은근의 비율에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Sangyeol;Lee, Sukyoung
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.57-61
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    • 2017
  • Purpose : The purpose of study was to find out the environmental risk factor that can be easily occurred imbalance muscle activities according to direction for using the ramp during one legged standing. Method : The subjects were 20 normal adults with a mean age of $23.15{\pm}2.14years$ and a Body Mmass Index (BMI) of $22.74{\pm}1.07$. Participants were measured muscle activities on vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus during one legged stance at four conditions ramp (down ramp, up ramp, medial ramp, lateral ramp). The statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS(Ver. 23) and p-value less than .05 were considered statistically significant for all cases. Result : In this study, the activity of the lower extremity muscle and the ratio of the vastus medial and lateral muscles according to the direction of use of the ramp were investigated. The changes in the muscle activity of the lower limbs along the direction of the ramp were significantly different between the vastus medial muscle and the peroneus longus muscle. Conclusion : For a short time on a ramp or a pedestrian crossing, a clerk in a ramp can move or stand by placing the lower limbs in various directions, but if performed in consideration of the individual's disease characteristics or unstable foot position, It is thought that there will be an effect to prevent on the ankle and knee unstability.

A Literature Study of Gait (보행(步行)에 관(關)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察))

  • Kim, Bum-Chol;Keum, Dong-Ho;Lee, Myeong-Jong
    • The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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    • v.5
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    • pp.79-95
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    • 1996
  • When we see normal gait, gait cycle is seperated as stance phase and swing phase. It needs 6 determinant of gait of pelvic rotation, pelvic tilt, knee joint of stance phase, ankle and foot motion, ankle and knee motion, and pelvic movement to be accomplished. In addition, a joint and muscle action is accomplished biomechanically at the same time with its gait cycle. In oriental medicine, the relationships between chang-fu physiology and meridian physiology are summaried as follows ; ${\bullet}$ chang-fu physiology : Spleen manages the extremities. Liver manages soft tissues. Liver stores blood. Kidney stores essences. Kidney manages bones. ${\bullet}$ meridian physiology : The Leg Greater Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Yang-Myeong Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yang Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Greater Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Lesser Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues The Leg Absolute Yin Meridian and meridian soft tissues Especially, we can find out relations between in a "blood supplied feet can walk well" that explains "blood regulations and by liver nourishing effects"that is the closest concept of muscle. Abnormal gaits are due to three causes as following; first, physical defect secoud, pain third, nervous system or instability of muscle. In oriental medicine, we can know relationship in "atrophy, numbness, stroke, convulsion, muscular dystrophy of knee, rheumatoid arthritis, five causes of infantile growing defects, five causes of softening, sprain". Especially, atrophy is the most important symptom. Gait evaluation should be emphasized where a point can walk 8 feet to 10 feet considering stride width, stride length, the body weight center, stride number, flexion, extension, rotation of a joint as a standard factor. The point is we should find out something strange in a patient's side, front and back view. After that we should find out its cause as an index that we can observe abnormal findings in a joint and muscle.

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Gonadal Development, Age and Growth of the Shortnecked Clam, Ruditapes philippinarum ( Pelecypoda : Veneridae ), on the Coast of Kimje, Korea ) (금제연안에 서식하는 바지락 , Ruditapes philippinarum ( Pelecypoda : Veneridae ) 의 생식소발달과 연령 및 성장)

  • Chung, Ee-Yung;Ryou, Dong-Ki;Lee, Ju-Ha
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.38-48
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    • 1994
  • Gonadal developmint, age and growth of Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated using samples from the intertidal zone of Simpo on the coast of Kimje, Korea, which were collected onthly for one year from Februaty 1993 to January 1994.Ruditapes philippinarum is diecious in sex. The gonads are located between the subregion of the midintestinal glands and reticular connective tissue of the foot. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian sacs, and the testis is composed of numerous seminiferous tubules. The clam spawns once a year from early June to darly October, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when the water temperature went above 23$^{\circ}C$. Ripe oocytes are about 65-70${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter. Gonadal phases of this species can be divided into five successive stages; multiplicative(February to March), growing (April to May), mature(Aprilto Septimber), spent(June to October), and degenerative and resting(july to March). Spawning is closely related to the sea water temperature. Based on the monthly variations of marginal index (MI')of the shell, it was suggested that the annual ring mark formation occurred in March once a year and took approximately 8 months (0.67 year) for first ring to be formed on the shell. The relationship between the shell length(SL) and the total weight (TW) was represented by nonlinear equation; TW=1.208 x 10/ sup -4/ S $L^{3.158}$, and also in the relationship be-tweenthe shell length (SL) and the shell height(SH), the shell length and the shell width (SW) were represented by the linear equations; SH=0.726 SL-0.483, SW=0.542 SL-0.803.Growth curves for shell length and total weight fitted to von Bertalanffs equation were expressed as: S $L_{t}$ =68.34(1- $e^{0.221}$(t+0.418)) T $W_{t}$ =75.16(1- $e^{0.221}$(t=0.418))$^{3.158/3.158}$

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Effect of Functional Ankle Instability and Surgical Treatment on Dynamic Postural Stability and Leg Stiffness Variables during Vertical-Drop Landing

  • Jeon, Kyoung Kyu;Kim, Kew Wan;Ryew, Che Cheong;Hyun, Seung Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.135-141
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional ankle instability (FAI) and surgical treatment (ST) on postural stability and leg stiffness during vertical-drop landing. Method: A total of 21 men participated in this study (normal [NOR]: 7, FAI: 7, ST: 7). We estimated dimensionless leg stiffness as the ratio of the peak vertical ground reaction force and the change in stance-phase leg length. Leg length was calculated as the distance from the center of the pelvis to the center of pressure under the foot. Furthermore, the analyzed variables included the loading rate and the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI; medial-lateral [ML], anterior-posterior [AP], and vertical [V]) in the initial contact phase. Results: The dimensionless leg stiffness in the FAI group was higher than that of the NOR group and the ST group (p = .018). This result may be due to a smaller change in stance-phase leg length (p = .001). DPSI (ML, AP, and V) and loading rate did not show differences according to the types of ankle instability during drop landing (p > .05). Conclusion: This study suggested that the dimensionless leg stiffness was within the normal range in the ST group, whereas it was increased by the stiffness of the legs rather than the peak vertical force during vertical-drop landing in the FAI group. Identifying these potential differences may enable clinicians to assess ankle instability and design rehabilitation protocols specific for the impairment.

Correlation between Bone Maturation and Obese Degree in Childhood (소아기에 있어 비만도와 골성숙도의 상관성)

  • Kim, Hong-Il;Shin, Hyun-Taeg
    • Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2006
  • Objectives : It has been suggested that obesity in childhood may lead early menarche and rapid bony maturation. The purpose of this study is to investigate correlation between bone maturation and obese degree in childhood in Korea. Methods : Height, body weight, BMI, percent body fat were taken 138 patients. Ultrasonic scan was taken through calcaneous of the right foot to evaluate bone age. $DA({\Delta}age)$ was calculated from the difference of bone age and chronological age, and it was used in correlation with obese degree. Results : 1. The average age of patients was $11.91{\pm}2.86$ years old in boys, $11.44{\pm}2.27$ years old in girls. 2. The average BMI was $20.92{\pm}4.53kg/m2$ in boys, $19.76{\pm}4.05kg/m2in$ girls, and average percent body fat was $25.13{\pm}8.23%$ in boys, $27.66{\pm}5.95%$ in girls. 3. The average OI(osteo index) was 37.88 in boys, 36.64 in girls, and average bone age was $12.00{\pm}2.61$ years old in boys, $11.81{\pm}2.11$ years old in girls. 4. There was significant correlation between $DA({\Delta}age)$ and PBF in boys, but no significant correlation with BMI(p<0.05). 5. There was significant correlation between $DA({\Delta}age)$ and PBF, BMI in girls(p<0.01). 6. There was significant correlation between RA and OI(p<0.01). Conclusion : It is suggested that obese degree may have an impact on early bony maturation especially in case of girls.

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Lateral Symmetry of Center of Pressure During Walking in Patients With Unilateral Knee Osteoarthritis

  • Kim, Si-hyun;Park, Kyue-nam
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.77-83
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    • 2021
  • Background: Although symmetry of spatio-temporal parameter and center of pressure (COP) shift during walking is associated with knee adduction moment, research on clinical association with knee osteoarthritis (OA)-related knee pain and functional scores is lacking. Objects: The aims were 1) to compare symmetry of gait parameters and COP-shift in patients with unilateral knee OA and pain and matched controls, and 2) to investigate the relationship between symmetry of gait parameters and COP-shift, and clinical measures. Methods: Female subjects (n = 16) had with unilateral radiological knee OA and pain. Healthy controls (n = 15) were age-matched to OA group. Symmetry of foot rotation, step length, stance and swing phase, lateral symmetry of COP and anterior/posterior symmetry of COP during walking was assessed. To assess the clinical variables, pain intensity, pain duration and function using Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Survey (KOOS) subscales were collected. We compared symmetry between groups using Mann-Whitney U-test or independent t-test. Relationships between clinical measures and symmetry index measured using Spearman's correlation test. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: Knee OA group showed significantly greater values of only lateral symmetry of COP (p < 0.01) than healthy group. Values of lateral symmetry of COP had moderate or strong correlation significantly with the intensity of knee pain, pain duration, and scores of all KOOS subscales (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients with unilateral knee OA and pain showed more asymmetry of lateral COP-shift during walking compared with matched healthy controls. In addition, larger asymmetry of lateral COP-shift has the moderate or strong association with worse of knee pain, worse in KOOS scores and longer duration of knee pain. Asymmetry of lateral COP-shift during walking may be one of the characteristics of unilateral knee OA as the compensatory strategy response to unilateral OA of the knee.