• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2020

Background: Centella asiatica is a well-known medicinal plant having a wound healing effect. In this study, the growth, asiaticoside content, and antioxidant components and activity were investigated in C. asiatica resources under different cultivation and irrigation conditions. Methods and Results: The cultivation and irrigation methods were divided as greenhouse and open field, and sprinkler and sub irrigation. respectively. Growth characteristics were measured in aerial parts of C. asiatica. Asiaticoside content was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Total polyphenol, total flavonoid and 2,2-diphenyl-1picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were analyzed for antioxidant activities. Growth was higher under greenhouse and sub irrigation than open field and sprinkler conditions. In the leaves, asiaticoside content was 53.45 mg/g (open field) and 34.38 mg/g (sub irrigation), total polyphenol was 41.14 mg/g (open field) and 25.73 mg/g (sub-irrigation), and total flavonoid was 27.26 mg/g (open field) and 23.72 mg/g (sub-irrigation). DPPH radical scavenging activity in the leaves was 85.97 mg·ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g (open field) and 54.83 mg·AAE/g (sub irrigation). Conclusions: Asiaticoside and antioxidant components and activity were not accompanied with high yield, although high growth was observed under greenhouse conditions. Therefore, cultural requirements of C. asiatica should be sufficiently considered to suit each purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.276-284
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• 2019

Objectives: This study sought to compare efficiency results between the use of a customized implant (CI) and a reconstruction plate (RP) in mandibular defect reconstruction in an animal model. Materials and Methods: Fifteen rabbits underwent surgery to create a defect in the right side of the mandible and were randomly divided into two groups. For reconstruction of the mandibular defect, the RP group (n=5) received five-hole mini-plates without bone grafting and the CI group (n=10) received fabricated CIs based on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data taken preoperatively. The CI group was further divided into two subgroups depending on the time of CBCT performance preoperatively, as follows: a six-week CI (6WCI) group (n=5) and a one-week CI (1WCI) group (n=5). Daily food intake amount (DFIA) was measured to assess the recovery rate. Radiographic images were acquired to evaluate screw quantity. CBCT and histological examination were performed in the CI subgroup after sacrifice. Results: The 1WCI group showed the highest value in peak average recovery rate and the fastest average recovery rate. In terms of reaching a 50% recovery rate, the 1WCI group required the least number of days as compared with the other groups ($2.6{\pm}1.3days$), while the RP group required the least number of days to reach an 80% recovery rate ($7.8{\pm}2.2days$). The 1WCI group showed the highest percentage of intact screws (94.3%). New bone formation was observed in the CI group during histological examination. Conclusion: Rabbits with mandibular defects treated with CI showed higher and faster recovery rates and more favorable screw status as compared with those treated with a five-hole mini-plate without bone graft.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.269-278
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to report the effect of the Korean acupuncture treatment and Open Wet Dressing Therapy(OPWT) for pressure ulcer. From November 2015 to January 2020, 9 patients with 3rd or 4th graded pressure ulcer over 70 years of age who were admitted to a care hospital with underlying diseases such as cerebral infarction, brain hemorrhage, and Parkinson's disease were treated by acupuncture and OPWT. Photographs of lesions were used to evaluate the changes in condition of pressure ulcer. Acupuncture was performed 4 times a week along the border between the normal epidermal region and the pressure ulcer granulation tissue in contact with the pressure ulcer interface. OPWT to create a wet environment for wounds by washing the wounds 1-2 times a day with normal saline solution and covering them with food wrap was combined. In addition, for objective treatment progress evaluation, size, stage and condition of pressure ulcer were regularly monitored using the classification method of The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) according to the condition and depth of the damaged tissue and The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing(PUSH tool 3.0). After acupuncture treatment and OPWT, the pressure ulcer of patients was cured in as short as 66 days and as long as 274 days (average 170 days). This study shows that acupuncture treatment and OPWT were effective to treat pressure ulcer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.640-647
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• 2023

The skin, the largest organ in the body, undergoes age-related changes influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The primary external factor is photoaging which causes hyperpigmentation, uneven skin surface, deep wrinkles, and markedly enlarged capillaries. In the human dermis, it decreases fibroblast function, resulting in a lack of collagen structure and also decreases keratinocyte function, which compromises the strength of the protective barrier. In this study, we found that treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) had no toxicity to skin fibroblasts and GABA enhanced their migration ability, which can accelerate skin wound healing. UVB radiation was found to significantly induce the production of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), but treatment with GABA resulted in the inhibition of MMP-1 production. We also investigated the enhancement of filaggrin and aquaporin 3 in keratinocytes after treatment with GABA, showing that GABA can effectively improve skin moisturization. In vivo experiments showed that oral administration of GABA significantly improved skin wrinkles and epidermal thickness. After the intake of GABA, there was a significant decrease observed in the increase of skin thickness measured by calipers and erythema. Additionally, the decrease in skin moisture and elasticity in hairless mice exposed to UVB radiation was also significantly restored. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of GABA as functional food material for improving skin aging and moisturizing.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2024

Purpose: Mucogingival defects (MGDs), such as dental root recessions, decreased vestibular depth, and absence of keratinized tissues, are commonly seen in dental clinics. MGDs may result in functional, aesthetic, and hygienic concerns. In these situations, autogenous soft tissue grafts are considered the gold-standard treatment. This study compares the healing process of free gingival grafts (FGGs) to bacterial cellulose matrix (BCM) and human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) seeded with fibroblasts from culture supplemented with platelet-rich plasma in a rat model. Methods: Surgical defects were made in rats, which received the following treatments in a randomized manner: group I, negative control (defect creation only); group II, positive control (FGG); group III, BCM; group IV, BCM + fibroblasts; group V, ADM; and group VI, ADM + fibroblasts. Clinical, histological, and immunological analyses were performed 15 days after grafting. Clinical examinations recorded epithelium regularity and the presence of ulcers, erythema, and/or edema. Results: The histological analysis revealed the degree of reepithelization, width, regularity, and presence of keratin. The Fisher exact statistical test was applied to the results (P<0.05). No groups showed ulcers except for group I. All groups had regular epithelium without erythema and without edema. Histologically, all groups exhibited regular epithelium with keratinization, and myofibroblasts were present in the connective tissue. The groups that received engineered grafts showed similar clinical and histological results to the FGG group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that BCM and ADM can be used as cell scaffolds, with ADM yielding the best results. This study supports the use of this technical protocol in humans.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2019

Ursolic acid is recognized for various effects such as anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we confirmed the anti-cancer effect of ursolic acid on human melanoma cancer cells, A375SM and A375P. Survival rate of the melanoma cells was confirmed by MTT assay and the proliferation rate was confirmed by wound healing assay. The rate of apoptotic bodies was confirmed by DAPI staining, and apoptosis rate was confirmed by flow cytometry. The induction of apoptosis protein was examined by western blotting according to the concentration of ursolic acid in melanoma cells. The survival and proliferation rates of melanoma cells were decreased according to the treatment concentrations of ursolic acid. DAPI staining showed that chromosomal condensation of melanoma cells was increased with increasing concentrations of ursolic acid, and increased apoptosis rate of melanoma cells by ursolic acid was confirmed by flow cytometry. We also confirmed by western blotting that cleaved-PARP and Bax were increased and Bcl-2 was decreased at $12{\mu}M$ concentration of uricolic acid in melanoma cells. This study was carried out at low concentrations of ursolic acid, 0 to $20{\mu}M$, and analyzed 24 h after treatment. As a result of this study, it is thought that ursolic acid has the anti-cancer effect through the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins in melanoma cells A375SM and A375P.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 1996

Various treaments such heating, acid tenting, acid healing, alkaline treating, acid+alkaline renting were attempted to investigate their effects on molar ratio, chemical composition, DTA and specific surface area(SSA) of natural zeolite poder. Molar ratio, Si to AI. of natural zeolite was 4.78, which represented high silica type. Composition of natural zeolite showed that $SiO_2$ was 66.34% $Al_2O_3$ was 13.89%, $Fe_2O_2$ was 1.55% X-ray diffraction showed that main component of natural zeolite was mordenite and clinoptliolite. Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetry curve of natural zeolite was showed to peak of endothermic peak at $80^{\circ}C$ and it means to the peak of dehydrate reaction, but recristalization was not formed below at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Weight loss during calcination was 16% at $1,000^{\circ}C$. Thermal treatments on SSA of natural zolite powder decreased from $75.2m^2/g\;to\;2.1m^2/g$. In contrast chemical treatments on SSA showed to increase to $300.2m^2/g$(1 N HCl treating), $54.9m^2/g$(1 N NaOH) and $90.9m^2/g$(HCl+NaOH)tudy, it could be proposed to employ acid tret method as packaging materisls for MA packaging.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.941-946
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• 2015

Photoaging is the main extrinsic aging factor that is induced due to UVB. Many studies have revealed that application of hyaluronic acid to the skin is effective in healing photoaging. However, the effect of hyaluronic acid through oral administration is unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect on skin photoaging after oral administration of hyaluronic acid. During a ten week study, hyaluronic acid was fed to hairless mice, which were illuminated by UV radiation. After ten weeks, wrinkle indicator and histological changes were determined. Compared with the control group, the sample group had a decrease in wrinkle depth, thickness, and number. Especially, the HA 160 mg/kg group had a similar value of wrinkle depth ($19.44{\pm}0.75{\mu}m$), number ($654.00{\pm}98.34$), and thickness ($1.35{\pm}0.08mm$), when compared with the RA (retinoic acid) group ($19.28{\pm}0.95{\mu}m$, $653.57{\pm}83.54$, and $1.34{\pm}0.07mm$ respectively). Also, the treated group showed improved elastosis and decreased collagen degradation resulting from UV irradiation. Thus, we can conclude that hyaluronic acid has a positive effect in improving skin photoaging induced by UV radiation. Hyaluronic acid therefore has the potential to be an ingredient in skin health function foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2016

Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle (Korean name, ‘Doraji’) is a perennial plant containing various triterpenoid saponins. The roots of this plant have traditionally been used as a food material in Korea. Here, we prepared a fermented P. grandiflorum extract (PG). Although it was previously reported that P. grandiflorum A. extract has a variety of physiological functionalities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, little is known about its vascular functions. In this study, we executed a series of experiments to identify the effect of PG on endothelial cells. PG at a high concentration (100 μg/ml) was found to induce cell detachment, whereas PG at a low concentration (0.1 μg/ml) appeared to promote cell proliferation and migration in bovine aortic endothelial cells. The cell detachment induced by the high concentration was not associated with cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. In addition, we found that PG at the high concentration formed a small vesicular structure called an endothelial microparticle (EMP). The EMP was prepared by centrifugal fractionation and determined with flow cytometry and a microscope. Interestingly, PG-induced cell detachment was found to be mediated by EMP. We furthermore determined that PG at the low concentration activated Akt, a crucial cell-signaling molecule, and then controlled cell proliferation and migration. Overall, our findings suggest that PG at low doses maintains vascular stability by promoting endothelial cell proliferation, and enhances the efficacy of wound healing by cell proliferation and migration activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.349-355
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• 2018

Ginsenoside Rg5, one of the protopanaxadiol ginsenosides of wood-cultivated ginseng, has been implicated in various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and hypertension; however, its angiogenic activity and molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Here, we found that wood-cultivated ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rg5 increase in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube-like structure formation, which are typical phenomena associated with angiogenesis, in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, Ginsenoside Rg5 stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, which are well-known signal mediators of the angiogenic pathway. Furthermore, Ginsenoside Rg5 did not accelerate the activation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 which are inflammatory response mediators. These results suggest that wood-cultivated ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rg5 stimulated in vitro angiogenesis by activating the Akt/eNOS- and ERK1/2-dependent signal pathways without inducing vascular inflammation.