Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science

Korean Academy of Periodontology (대한치주과학회)
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Bacterial cellulose matrix and acellular dermal matrix seeded with fibroblasts grown in platelet-rich plasma supplemented medium, compared to free gingival grafts: a randomized animal study

  • Received : 2022.02.10
  • Accepted : 2023.03.07
  • Published : 2024.02.28
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Abstract

Purpose: Mucogingival defects (MGDs), such as dental root recessions, decreased vestibular depth, and absence of keratinized tissues, are commonly seen in dental clinics. MGDs may result in functional, aesthetic, and hygienic concerns. In these situations, autogenous soft tissue grafts are considered the gold-standard treatment. This study compares the healing process of free gingival grafts (FGGs) to bacterial cellulose matrix (BCM) and human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) seeded with fibroblasts from culture supplemented with platelet-rich plasma in a rat model. Methods: Surgical defects were made in rats, which received the following treatments in a randomized manner: group I, negative control (defect creation only); group II, positive control (FGG); group III, BCM; group IV, BCM + fibroblasts; group V, ADM; and group VI, ADM + fibroblasts. Clinical, histological, and immunological analyses were performed 15 days after grafting. Clinical examinations recorded epithelium regularity and the presence of ulcers, erythema, and/or edema. Results: The histological analysis revealed the degree of reepithelization, width, regularity, and presence of keratin. The Fisher exact statistical test was applied to the results (P<0.05). No groups showed ulcers except for group I. All groups had regular epithelium without erythema and without edema. Histologically, all groups exhibited regular epithelium with keratinization, and myofibroblasts were present in the connective tissue. The groups that received engineered grafts showed similar clinical and histological results to the FGG group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that BCM and ADM can be used as cell scaffolds, with ADM yielding the best results. This study supports the use of this technical protocol in humans.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research study was conducted in the Laboratory of Pain and Inflammation Neurobiology (LPIN) and the Laboratory of Integrated Technologies (LIT), and Laboratories of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. The Brazilian Ministry of Education funded a PhD student with the Coordination and Refinement of Superior Level Personnel (CAPES) scholarship. The authors would like to thank Mr. Rai Heidenreich for assistance with the animal surgery and Mr. Guilherme Colla for assistance with the cell culture.

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