• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 1994

In order to evaluate thelong-term results of conservative treatment on TMJ closed lock, a follow-up study of thirst-two patients was performed 2 to 7 year after treatment. Evaluating method included the questionnaire, clinical examination, transcranial radiograph and mandibular kinesiography. The results were as follows : Seventy-eight percents of patients reported that symptoms were reduced completely or considerably. Recurrent headache was improved after treatment (72 percents of success rate). There was a significant decrease in VAS after treatment and at follow-up comparing with that of before treatment(p<0.01). Most common variable of Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index at follow-up was impared TMJ function. There was a significant decrease in Fricton's craniomandibular index and dysfunction index(p<0.01) Mean interincisal distance was increased by 14.07mm after treatment and was also increased at follow-up by 2.80mm comparing with that of after treatment(p<0.01). Before treatment, condylar translation measurements of affected and non-affected sides on the transcranial radiograph were 4.89±3.20mm and 9.09±3.73mm respectively and at follow- up examination, those were 14.98±4.77 and 17.05±4.35mm respectively. At follow-up, condylar translation were increased significantly comparing with those of before treatment(p<0.01). In 93.1% of patients, the condylar position of affected side at maximum mouth opening was behind the articular eminence before treatment but the percentage was decreased to 13.8% at follow-up(p<0.01). The pattern and range of mandibular movements at follow-up examination were similar to the typical normal movements. And in 16 cases showing lateral deviation of opening path, the deviation was directed to the affected and non-affected sides with the same frequency.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

Space is integrated or segment with organic formation by circulation path. It estimates important problem to grasp as factor that promote movement of visitor and space organization without grasping circulation as connection relation about simple space function from these viewpoint, is a thing which this study does not cause confusion to visitor's circulation path through data that analyze form of space connection and visitor's circulation path as quantitative in museum space and layout form that access by easy each unit exhibition grasps what it is. This study does factor grasping for guideline and inspection circulation path of layout by purpose in exhibition space on the basis of analytical result that grasps connection form between exhibition area that grasp laying stress on visitor's movement and appears in space through follow-up survey for circulation path of museum exhibition area. Space connection form that is expose by sequence of investigation and analysis(II) estimates on constituent affecting to visitor's circulation, and these do not speak for all space connection forms at the museum, but may systematize typology about connection form of unit spaces to utilize by indicator pointer of space planning if continue study to various spatial sphere more than hereafter. Unit exhibition area, divide connection form of space by grid and tree and laying stress on this quantitative data by spectator follow-up survey comparison and Estimate that space connection form provides partial basis of judgement for supposition that can promote direction and circulation path about visitor's movement if summarize result of investigation and analysis (III).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2021

The aim of the study is to empirically investigate and analyze the influence of public welfare, audit findings, and follow-up of audit recommendations on audit opinion with the disclosure level of financial reports as an intervening variable using agency theory and signaling theory. To achieve this purpose, a quantitative research method was employed. Population of this study is Provincial Government Financial Reports in Indonesia for fiscal years 2016 to 2018. There were 84 financial reports that met the criteria of purposive sampling. The data were gathered from the websites of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. In this study, the hypothesis-testing tool is path analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15. Based on the multiple regression analysis, the results show that audit findings, public income, and the disclosure level of financial reports significantly influenced audit opinion. Besides, the follow-up of audit recommendations and public health significantly influenced audit opinion through the disclosure level of financial reports. This study suggests that, in order to have better audit opinion, local governments need to improve public welfare, follow-up audit finding, and disclose more details in financial report.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1939-1944
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• 2003

This paper presents a global path planning algorithm based on a visibility graph method, and applies additionally various constraints for constructing the reduced visibility graph. The modification algorithm for generating the rounded path is applied to the globally shortest path of the visibility graph using the robot size constraint in order to avoid the obstacle. In order to check the visibility in given 3D map data, 3D CAD data with VRML format is projected to the 2D plane of the mobile robot, and the projected map is converted into an image for easy map analysis. The image processing are applied to this grid map for extracting the obstacles and the free space. Generally, the tree size of visibility graph is proportional to the factorial of the number of the corner points. In order to reduce the tree size and search the shortest path efficiently, the various constraints are proposed. After short paths that crosses the corner points of obstacles lists up, the shortest path among these paths is selected and it is modified to the combination of the line path and the arc path for the mobile robot to avoid the obstacles and follow the rounded path in the environment. The proposed path planning algorithm is applied to the mobile robot LCAR-III.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.527-539
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• 2009

회외발에 대한 거골하 관절가동술이 균형능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해, 주상골 하강 검사에서 주상골의 하강이 4mm이하의 저가동성인 회외발군 20명을 실험군으로, 정상발군 20명을 대조군으로 하여 거골하 관절가동술을 주 3회 4주간 총 12회 적용한 결과 실험기간에 따라 동요 면적, 동요길이, 동요 최대 속도가 유의하게 감소하였으며, 실험군과 대조군에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 실험군에서는 기간에 따라 동요 면적, 동요 길이, 동요 최대 속도가 유의하게 감소하였으나, 대조군에서는 기간에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 동요 면적, 동요 길이, 동요 최대 속도에 대한 그룹 간 비교에서 설험 전은 유의한 차이가 없었으나 실험 2주 후, 실험 4주 후, 실험종료 2주 후에서는 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2011

연구 목적: 전통적인 초기의 접착성 고정성 보철물이 가능한 보존적이고 가역적인 치료를 추구했지만 유지력의 상실이 큰 문제가 되면서 임상적 성공률이 낮은 단점이 있었다. 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 하는 여러 연구들 중, 자연 치아의 언더컷과 구조물의 각기 다른 삽입로를 이용하여 유지력을 얻는 3-piece형태의 변형된 접착성 고정성 보철물이 제안되었다. 이 연구의 목적은 변형된 형태의 접착성 고정성 보철물을 이용하여 수복 치료를 받은 환자에 대한 후향적 연구를 통하여 임상가들의 상실치 수복을 위한 치료 계획 수립에 도움을 주고자 함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 한 개 혹은 그 이상의 치아가 상실되어 수복을 요하여 2007년부터 연세대학교 치과대학병원 보철과에 내원하여 자연치아의 언더컷과 구조물의 각기 다른 삽입로를 이용하는 변형된 형태의 접착성 고정성 보철물 수복 치료를 받은 23명의 환자중 주기적 검사가 가능한 21명을 대상으로, 후향적으로 임상 및 방사선 검사 결과를 평가하였다. 결과 및 결론: 자연치아의 언더컷과 구조물의 각기 다른 삽입로를 이용한 접착성 고정성 보철물을 이용한 21명증례, 71 unit의 최대 25개월 (평균 7개월)간의 후향적 연구에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 자연치아의 언더컷과 구조물의 각기 다른 삽입로를 이용한 접착성 고정성 보철물은 단기간의 follow-up 에서 보철물의 탈락, 파절등의 기계적인 실패가일어나지 않았다. 2. 보철물 주변의 치주조직은 비교적 안정되었다. 3. 방사선 사진상 유의성있는 골흡수를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2022

Forestry crane work in a forest harvester or forwarder is regarded as one of most hard work requiring a very high level of operation skill. The operator must handle two or more multi-axes joysticks simultaneously to control the multiple manipulators for maneuvering the crane-tip to its intended location. This study has been carried out to develop a crane-tip controller which can intuitively maneuver the crane-tip, resulting in improving the productivity by decreasing the technical difficulty of control as well as reducing the workload. The crane-tip controller consists of a single 2-axis joystick and a control algorithm run on microcontroller. Lab-scale forestry crane was constructed using electric cylinders. The crane-tip control algorithm has the crane-tip follow the waypoints generated on the given path considering the dead band region using LBO (Lateral Boundary Offset). A speed control gain to change the speed of relevant cylinders relatively is applied as well. By the P (Proportional) control within the control interval of 20 msec, the average error of crane-tip control on the predefined straight path turned out to be 14.5 mm in all directions. When the joystick is used the waypoints are generated in real time by the direction signal from the joystick. In this case, the average error of path control was 12.4 mm for straight up, straight forward and straight down movements successively at a certain constant speed setting. In the slant movement of crane-tip by controlling two axes of joystick simultaneously, the movement of crane-tip was controlled in the average error of 15.9 mm when the crane-tip is moved up and down while moving toward forward direction. It concluded that the crane-tip control was possible using the control algorithm developed in this study.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.591-597
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• 1996

To straighten the path that farm machinery follows in paddy fields, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the tracks that these machines leave behind. However, there are no known methods for making such measurements and evaluations since it is difficult to accurately trace the paths that the machine make in paddy fields. Therefore, a measuring system has been developed which can accurately recored the path of a farm machinery in a field by measuring the horizontal straight-line distance from the side of the field to the machine. This system consists of a track subsystem on the machine and a range finder system. A measuring appraratus is installed on a flatcar which runs on rails over 50 m long at the side of the filed. The track subsystem uses a CCD camera to track the movement of the machine in the field which is following a lengthwise path. The range finder subsystem measures the distance that the measuring apparatus has traveled on the rails and the distance from the app ratus to the machine in the field. This system makes it possible to record the path that the machine travels. Even though differences in traveling distance arise between the measuring apparatus and the farm machine, these differences are detected by image processing , which allows the machine in the field to be located accurately. The short(0.05 second) time required for image processing is enough to follow an object . In the present study, this system was able to measure the path that a moving tractor makes. Even though a lag of up to 0.4 meters occurred, this system did not miss its target during operation of the track subsystem. Thus the path measuring system developed here is able to record vehicle paths automatically by following the movement of vehicles in the field and measuring the distance to them. It is expected to come into use in such applications as unmanned moving vehicle tests.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2021

앨버트로스는 동적 활공 기법을 이용하여 수평풍으로부터 에너지를 얻어 날갯짓 없이 장거리를 비행할 수 있다. 이러한 동적 활공 기법을 유/무인기에 적용하여 비행체에 요구되는 자원을 최소화하고 경량화, 소량화를 달성하여 주어진 임무를 효과적으로 수행할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 앨버트로스의 동적 활공 기법을 모사하기 위하여 최적의 동적 활공 비행 궤적을 도출하고 이를 추종하기 위한 제어 구조를 설계하여 시뮬레이션을 진행한다. 특히나 동적 활공 시뮬레이션을 더욱더 현실과 근접하게 모델링하기 위해 매 순간 변화하는 수평풍 모델을 제안한다. 이를 통해 시변 수평풍 모델이 무인 비행체의 동적 활공 임무를 수행하는데 미치는 영향을 파악하고 분석한다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2011

We have carried out a follow-up study on the students who have participated or are going to participate in either the International Astronomy Olympiad (IAO), the Asia Pacific Astronomy Olympiad (APAO) or the International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA) from 2002 to 2011. The survey questionnaires returned from ten high school students including five who are to participate in 2011 as well as fourteen college students have been analyzed in various aspects of their backgrounds and personal characteristics. In family life, their parents tend to have high educational background along with high expectations for their children. In regard to the academic environment, most students express a general satisfaction in school life, including their relationship with teachers and classmates. In personal characteristics, they describe themselves as inquisitive, perseverant, competitive, creative, self-motivated and goal-oriented, in addition to many other traits. Most students have a strong interest in astronomy which usually begins in middle schools through exposure to astronomy books. On top of it, the astronomy olympiad has provided them with an opportunity to strengthen their self-esteem, problem-solving ability and conviction about scientific careers. Accordingly, the experience in astronomy olympiad has led a considerable number of students to continuously studying in astronomy related fields or otherwise in other science and engineering areas. In conclusion, the astronomy olympiad plays such an important role that it can make a significant contribution to astronomy as well as science in general by having positive impact on the potential career path of its participants.