• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

This study was to examine growth, carbon and nitrogen responses in foliage following forest fertilization in a red pine stand. Two types of fertilizer (N:P:K=113:150:37 kg $ha^{-1}$; P:K=150:37 kg $ha^{-1}$) were applied on late April 2011. Growth, carbon and nitrogen responses of foliage were monitored 3 times (July, September, November) after fertilization. Morphological growth responses (dry mass, leaf area, specific leaf area) with foliage age were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by fertilizer application, while needle dry mass and leaf area of July were significantly lower in current-year-old than in one-year-old or two-year-old needles of September or November. Carbon concentration and content in foliage was little affected by fertilizer application compared with sampling month or needle age, while the NPK fertilizer produced high nitrogen concentration and content of foliage. The results indicate that nitrogen concentration and content in foliage may serve as an indicator of the nitrogen status by fertilization in a red pine stand.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2013

꿀벌에 대한 급성독성이 강한 침투이행성 농약을 대상으로 토양처리 후 흡수이행에 의해 나타나는 꿀벌(Apis mellifera)에 대한 영향을 조사하고자 꿀벌 엽상잔류독성시험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 침투이행성 농약인 dinotefuran 입제와 imidacloprid 입제 그리고 clothianidin 입제를 토마토 정식시 3가지 처리량으로 토양에 파구처리를 하였다. 처리 후 경과시간에 따라 잎을 채취하여 잎에서의 잔류농도를 분석하였고 꿀벌에 노출시켜 꿀벌치사율을 조사하였다. Dinotefuran 입제 처리구의 꿀벌 독성은 7일 이후 꿀벌치사율이 100%로 나타났고 17일 이후 감소하였다. Imidacloprid 입제의 경우 꿀벌 최대치사율이 44~72%로 낮았으나 그 영향은 18일까지 지속된 후 감소하였고 clothianidin 입제는 처리 후 7일에 꿀벌치사율이 100%이었으며 14일 이후 점차 감소하였다. 시험농약 처리 후 경과시간에 따른 잎의 잔류 경향성과 각 시험농약에서 꿀벌의 치사율은 유사한 경향성을 보였으며, 토마토의 생장이 활발한 14일 이후에는 토마토 잎에서의 잔류량이 점차 감소하였고, 실제 사용량 처리시 21일 이후에는 엽상잔류에 의한 꿀벌의 영향도 확연하게 감소하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

본 연구는 우리나라 난대 지역에 분포하는 주요 상록수종 중 하나인 동백나무 임분을 대상으로 각 부위별 지상부 생체량을 추정하고, 주요 무기영양소의 분포를 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 조사지는 전남 장흥군 천관산내 동백나무 임분에서 실시하였으며, 부위별 생체량 추정식은 흉고 직경 단일 변수에 의한 직경 변수 모형을 적용하였다(logY = a + blogD, Y: 중량, D: 흉고 직경). 동백나무 임분의 부위별 생체량(ton/ha)은 주간 47.9, 당년생 소지(小枝) 1.4, 1년생 이상 가지 전체 53.4, 엽 12.5로 추정되었으며, 전체 지상부 생체량은 115.2 ton/ha이었다. 동백나무 부위별 생체량은 흉고 직경과 비선형 관계에 있었으며, 1년생 이상 엽은 흉고직경이 증가할수록 당년생 엽과의 생체량 차이가 커지는 경향을 보였다. 생지의 질소, 인산, 칼륨 농도는 고사지보다 높았으나, 칼슘 농도는 고사지가 생지보다 높았고, 당년생엽도 1년생 이상 엽보다 질소, 인산, 칼륨 농도가 높았으나, 칼슘과 나트륨 농도는 오히려 1년생 이상 엽의 농도가 높았다. 주요 무기 영양소 함량(kg/ha)은 칼륨 366.4, 질소 442.7, 칼슘 433.3, 마그네슘 118.4, 인산 50.5 및 나트륨 25.3 순이었다. 모든 무기영양소 함량에서 생지 내에 함유된 무기영양소 함량의 비율이 수체내에서 가장 높았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1994

An one dimensional atmosphere-vegetation interaction model is developed to discuss of the effect of vegetation on heat flux in mesoscale planetary boundary layer. The canopy model was a coupled system of three balance equations of energy, moisture at ground surface and energy state of canopy with three independent variables of $T_f$(foliage temperature), $T_g$(ground temperature) and $q_g$(ground specific humidity). The model was verified by comparative study with OSUID(Oregon State University One Dimensional Model) proved in HYPEX-MOBHLY experiment. As the result, both vegetation and soil characteristics can be emphasized as an important factor iii the analysis of heat flux in the boundary layer. From the numerical experiments, following heat flux characteristics are clearly founded simulation. The larger shielding factor(vegetation) increase of $T_f$ while decrease $T_g$. because vegetation cut solar radiation to ground. Vegetation, the increase of roughness and resistance, increase of sensible heat flux in foliage while decrease the latent heat flux in the foliage.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

The present study elucidated the growth properties of Sasa borealis communities distributed in the lower layer of deciduous broadleaf forests in temperate zones and analyzed the correlation between the growth properties of S. borealis and positional environmental factors. The higher the culm height of S. borealis was, the higher the values of the leaf number, leaf area, and foliage layer thickness became. This might be because as the culm height of S. borealis increased, the acquisition of light sources became easier so that the biomass of leaves increased simultaneously for smooth anabolism. S. borealis seem to change their growth mode for smooth acquisition of light resources. The culm density of S. borealis and the leaf number, leaf area and foliage layer thickness of S. borealis did not show any clear correlation. The values of the culm height, leaf number, leaf area, and foliage layer thickness of S. borealis as the above altitude of the location of S. borealis increased. It seems like that growth conditions such as temperatures and winds are deteriorated as the above altitude of the location of S. borealis increased so that S. borealis becomes smaller. No clear correlations were shown between the physiochemical properties of soil and S. borealis' growth properties. It seems like that the growth of S. borealis complexly intertwined with diverse environmental factors and that due to the physiological integration of S. borealis, certain physiochemical properties do not unilaterally affect S. borealis' growth properties.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.545-560
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• 2019

Unlike other critical forest diseases, pine pitch canker in Korea has shown rather mild symptoms of partial loss of crown foliage and leaf discoloration. This study used high-resolution satellite images to detect and monitor canopy decline by pine pitch canker. To enhance the subtle change of canopy reflectance in pitch canker damaged tree crowns, multi-temporal analysis was applied to two KOMPSAT multispectral images obtained in 2011 and 2015. To assure the spectral consistency between the two images, radiometric corrections of atmospheric and shadow effects were applied prior to multi-temporal analysis. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each image and the NDVI difference (${\Delta}NDVI=NDVI_{2015}-NDVI_{2011}$) between two images were derived. All negative ΔNDVI values were initially considered any pine stands, including both pitch canker damaged trees and other trees, that showed the decrease of crown foliage from 2011 to 2015. Next, $NDVI_{2015}$ was used to exclude the canopy decline unrelated to the pitch canker damage. Field survey data were used to find the spectral characteristics of the damaged canopy and to evaluate the detection accuracy from further analysis.Although the detection accuracy as assessed by limited number of field survey on 21 sites was 71%, there were also many false alarms that were spectrally very similar to the damaged canopy. The false alarms were mostly found at the mixed stands of pine and young deciduous trees, which might invade these sites after the pine canopy had already opened by any crown damages. Using both ${\Delta}NDVI$ and $NDVI_{2015}$ could be an effective way to narrow down the potential area of the pitch canker damage in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2017

A severe leaf spot, turning to foliage blight, was observed on leaves of Maranta leuconeura growing in a garden in Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro) in 2015. A dematiaceous hyphomycete bearing a morphology typical of a helminthosporoid fungi was regularly found in association with diseased tissues. The fungus was isolated and pathogenicity was demonstrated through the completion of Koch's postulates. A morphology and molecular analysis led to the conclusion that the fungus belonged to the genus Bipolaris, which is characterized by having fusiform conidia, externally thickened and truncate hila and a bipolar pattern of germination. Additionally, homology of internal transcribed spacer and GAPDH sequences with sequences of other Bipolaris species, confirmed its generic placement. A phylogenetic study also indicated clearly that the fungus on M. leuconeura is phylogenetically distinct from related species of this genus, leading to the proposal of the new species Bipolaris marantae.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.931-938
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• 2012

The effects were investigated of different lengths and numbers of slitwalls in drainless containers on growth and change in soil moisture volumes on the growth of Diffenbachia amoena 'Marianne' and Begonia rex. Drainless containers filled with amended soil, with square shape ($240mm{\times}240mm$) were used, as well as three different sets of slitwalls (2, 4 or 8, respectively) in addition to non-slitwall containers. Two indoor foliage plants were grown in slitwall containers in randomized blocks with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions, from March to September, 2009. Soil moisture volumes per container were measured by weighing containers every 2 hours during the day. The change in soil moisture volumes showed considerable differences among slitwalls tested in comparison to control containers before and after twice-weekly irrigation. Particularly, the differences in the S2 (195mm, slitwall 2) containers were significantly greater than other containers tested. For Diffenbachia amoena 'Marianne', plant height, length of leaf, dry weight and fresh weight were higher with S2 containers than with those grown in other containers tested. The Begonia rex with the best quality in terms of plant height, length of leaf and width of leaf was grown in S8 (360mm, slitwall 8) containers. Particularly, statistical analysis has indicated that shoot fresh weights of Begonia rex grown in S8 were 3-fold higher than those grown in CS8 containers. The different results obtained within the two species led us to hypothesize a species-specific influence on indoor foliage plant performance. However, plants of both species grown in slitwall containers showed good results compared with plants grown in non-slitwall containers.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 1983

미국(美國) Wisconsin주(州) Plainfield에 있는 35년생(年生) Red pine(Pinus resinosa Ait.) 간벌조림지(間伐造林地)에서 Biomass와 Net Primary Prodnction (NPP)을 추정(推定)하였다. 지상부(地上部) Biomass는 ha당(當) 97.3ton이었고 이중 수간목부(樹幹木部) Biomass가 67.8%, 지조부(枝條部)가 15.4%, 엽(葉)이 8.4%, 수피(樹皮)가 6.1%를 구성하고 있었다. NPP는 $11.5Mg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$로 추정되었고 그중 수간목부(樹幹木部)는 30.4%, 엽(葉)은 25.2%, 지조(枝條)는 36.5%, 수피(樹皮)가 2.6%이었다. Red pine의 다른 추정공식을 사용하였을때 Biomass에 차이가 있었다. 그차이는 주로 수간목부(樹幹木部)의 비중(比重)과 흉고형수(胸高形數)의 차이로 인한 것이었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2007

산불 발생 지역의 피해목 벌채가 조류의 개체군 및 군집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 강원도 삼척시의 침엽수림 산불 피해지에서 2005년부터 2006년까지 총 57회의 정점 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 산불로 인해 발생한 피해목을 제거하는 산불 후 관리는 종 풍부도(richness), 수도(abundance), 다양성(diversity)의 측면에서 조류의 서식에 매우 불리한 여건을 조성하였다. 길드 분석 결과 피해목 벌채 이후 지상 및 하층식생에서 번식하는 조류(ground-shrub nesters), 나무 구멍에서 번식하는 수동 영소성 조류(davity nesting birds) 등의 서식 밀도가 감소하였으며, 나무에 구멍을 뚫고 먹이를 찾는 조류(timber driller)와 수관층에서 먹이를 찾는 조류(foliage searcher) 역시 피해목 벌채 이후 서식 밀도가 감소하였다. 따라서 산불 발생 지역의 조류 군집을 보전하기 위해서는 일정 수준의 피해목 존치가 필수적이며, 피해목 존치에 대한 산불 후 관리 기준을 수립하기 위해 오색딱다구리(Dendrocopos major) 등 특정 대상 종에 대한 집중적인 연구가 필요하다.