• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2000

Diltiazem inhibits calcium channels and leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation and negative inotroic and chronotropic effects in the heart. Diltiazem (DTZ) is almost completely absorbed after oral administration, but its bioavailability is reduced because of considerable hepatic first-pass metabolism. The main metabolite of DTZ is deacetyldiltiazem. The purpose of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic changes of DTZ and its metabolite, deacetyldiltiazem (DAD) after intravenous administration of diltiazem to control rabbits and rabbits with mild and medium folate-induced renal failure (FIRRs). The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) of DTZ were significantly increased in mild and medium FIRRs. The metabolite ratio of the DAD to DTZ were significantly decreased in mild and medium FIRRs. The elimination rate constant $(\beta)$ and total body clearances (CLt) of DTZ were significantly decreased in mild and medium FIRRS. These findings suggest that the hepatic metabolism of diltiazem was inhibited and CLt and ${\beta}$ of DTZ were significantly decreased in mild and in rabbits with medium folate-induced renal failure.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the production of folate, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and antimicrobial activity exhibited by Lactobacillus plantarum G72 for potential dietary application in pregnant women. L. plantarum G72 has been reported to possess characteristic activities and functionality including β-galactosidase activity and antioxidant activities. L. plantarum G72 showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Salmonella typhimurium P99, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Staphylococcus aureus KCCM 11335) using a modified method, and formation of the largest inhibition zone was observed against S. aureus KCCM 11335 (12.0-17.0 mm). The adherence of four food-borne pathogenic bacteria to HT-29 cells was inhibited by L. plantarum G72 (0.13 to 0.92 log CFU/ml). The most considerable inhibition of adherence to HT-29 cells was observed by using L. plantarum G72 against S. typhimurim P99. Additionally, folate production by L. plantarum G72 was 50.1 ng/ml, and L. plantarum G72 produced relatively more lactic acid (11,176.73 mg/kg) than acetic, propionic, or butyric acids. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that L. plantarum G72 may serve as a multifunctional food additive in the health industry.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.142-149
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• 2007

To evaluate the seasonal differences of nutrient intake and serum biochemical indices (total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL- cholesterol, TG, MDA : malondialdehyde, TAS : total antioxidant status, folate) in Korean college women with a mean age of 20.15y, this study was conducted twice: once in winter and a second time in summer. Anthropometric assessment was also measured in the two seasons. As a result body fat mass (p<0.05), body fat% (p<0.05), and abdominal fat% (p < 0.01) in the summer were significantly lower than those in winter. Intake of fat (p < 0.05), polyunsaturated fatty acid (p < 0.01), zinc (p < 0.05), and vitamin E (p < 0.05) were at significantly higher levels in the summer period compared with the winter period. In addition, nutrients with an intake level less than 75% RI of KDRIs were folate in winter and calcium, and folate in the summer. Total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol in summer, according to lipid profiles, were significantly lower than those in winter. Although MDA, one of the products of lipid peroxidation, remained unchanged, TAS was significantly higher in summer than in winter. The level of folate in summer showed significantly lower than that in winter. The present study suggests that nutrient intake of college women women differs according to the seasons and anthropometric indices and serum biochemical indexes were associated with seasons. Thus nutritional education programs on the basis of season are needed for college women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2007

Myelin basic protein (MBP), a major structural protein of the myelin, is thought to be important for the maintenance of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). We investigated the effect of maternal folic acid nutritional status on the folate level and the synthesis of MBP in the offspring. In order to test this hypothesis, female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either folic acid sufficient (8 mg/kg diet) or deficient (0 mg/kg diet) diet from 2 wks prior to the mating throughout the entire pregnancy, lactation and weaning period. We examined plasma folate level by the radioimmunoassay and homocysteine level by HPLC, respectively. The MBP expression was measured by the western blot analysis. The maternal folic acid deficiency decreased plasma folate level with a concomitant increase in plasma homocysteine level in their offspring. The maternal folic acid deficiency decreased hepatic levels of SAM and SAM/SAH ratio with a concomitant increase in hepatic levels of SAH and the MBP expression of spinal cord in their offspring at 7 wks of age. These results suggest that maternal folic acid nutritional status affect plasma folate and homocysteine level in their offspring. Moreover, the maternal folic acid deficiency mi호t inhibit the MBP expression of the spinal cord and disrupt many other vital CNS reactions in their offspring.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5189-5192
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• 2013

Aim: We aimed to investigate the associations of dietary intake of folate, vitamin $B_6$ and $B_{12}$ and MTHFR genotype with breast cancer in a Chinese population. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted, and 435 patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed breast cancer and 435 controls were collected. The folate intake, vitamin $B_6$ and vitamin $B_{12}$ were calculated, and MTHFR C665T, C677T and A1298C were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results: We found vitamin $B_{12}$ was likely to reduce the risk of breast cancer, and MTHFR 665TT was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Folate intake, vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and variants of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C demonstrated no association with risk of breast cancer. However, we found patients with low intake of vitamin $B_6$ and MTHFR 665TT genotype had a higher risk of breast cancer (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.29-2.77), the association being less pronounced among subjects with a moderate intake of vitamin $B_6$ and MTHFR 665TT genotype (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.03-2.49, P=0.03). Conclusion: Our study indicated that the MTHFR C665T polymorphism and vitamin $B_6$ are associated with risk of breast cancer, which indicated roles for nutrients in developing breast cancer.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1987

In order to evaluate the clinical significances of the serum vitamin $B_{12}$, folate and ferritin levels in patients with malignant tumors, the levels were measured in 10 normal contol subjects, 70 patients with malignant tumors, 7 patients with liver cirrhosis and 25 patients with other benign diseases. The results are as follows: 1) In normal control subjects, mean serum values for vitamin $B_{12}$, folate and ferritin level were $588.80{\pm}131.58pg/ml,\;5.59{\pm}1.52ng/ml\;and\;89.22{\pm}42.78ng/ml$ retrospectively 2) There was no significant difference in serum levels between patients with benign diseases and normal control subjects. 3) The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly higher than in normal control, and the serum folate levels in these patients were lower than in normal control subjects. 4) The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin levels in patients with malignant tumors were significantly higher than in normal control subjects, and the serum folate levels in these patients were significantly lower than in normal control subjects. The above results suggest that the serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin may be useful as tumor markers in patients with malignant tumors.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2012

Gastric cancer is ranked as the most common cancer in Koreans. A recent molecular biological study about the folate pathway gene revealed the correlation with a couple of cancer types. In the folate pathway, several genes are involved, including methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR), and methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR). The MTHFR gene has been reported several times for the correlation with gastric cancer risk. However, the association of the MTRR or MTR gene has not been reported to date. In this study, we investigated the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MTHFR, MTRR, and MTR genes and the risk of gastric cancer in Koreans. To identify the genetic association with gastric cancer, we selected 17 SNPs sites in folate pathway-associated genes of MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR and tested in 1,261 gastric cancer patients and 375 healthy controls. By genotype analysis, estimating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI), rs1801394 in the MTRR gene showed increased risk for gastric cacner, with statistical significance both in the codominant model (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.85) and dominant model (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.75). Especially, in the obese group (body mass index ${\geq}25kg/m^2$), the codominant (OR, 9.08; 95% CI, 1.01 to 94.59) and recessive model (OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 0.92 to 16.59) showed dramatically increased risk (p < 0.05). In conclusion, rs1801394 in the MTRR gene is associated with gastric cancer risk, and its functional significance need to be validated.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.247-260
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• 2014

The impact of folate on health and disease, particularly pregnancy complications and congenital malformations, has been extensively studied. Mandatory folic acid fortification therefore has been implemented in multiple countries, resulting in a reduction in the occurrence of neural tube defects. However, emerging evidence suggests increased folate intake may also be associated with unexpected adverse effects. This literature review focuses on contemporary issues of concern, and possible underlying mechanisms as well as giving consideration the future direction of mandatory folic acid fortification. Folate fortification has been associated with the presence of unmetabolized folic acid (PteGlu) in blood, masking of vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency, increased dosage for anti-cancer medication, photo-catalysis of PteGlu leading to potential genotoxicity, and a role in the pathoaetiology of colorectal cancer. Increased folate intake has also been associated with twin birth and insulin resistance in offspring, and altered epigenetic mechanisms of inheritance. Although limited data exists to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying these issues, elevated blood folate level due to the excess use of PteGlu without consideration of an individual's specific phenotypic traits (e.g. genetic background and undiagnosed disease) may be relevant. Additionally, the accumulation of unmetabolized PteGlu may lead to inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and other enzymes. Concerns notwithstanding, folic acid fortification has achieved enormous advances in public health. It therefore seems prudent to target and carefully monitor high risk groups, and to conduct well focused further research to better understand and to minimize any risk of mandatory folic acid fortification.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2018

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental syndrome with an increasingly prevalent etiology, yet not fully understood. It has been thought that vitamin D, complex B vitamin levels and homocysteine are associated with environmental factors and are important in ASD. The aim of this study was to examine serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR), homocysteine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate levels in ASD. Methods: In this study, serum vitamin D and VDR, homocysteine, vitamins B6, B12 and folate levels were determined in 60 patients with ASD (aged 3 to 12 years) and in 45 age-gender matched healthy controls. In addition, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, which are associated with vitamin D metabolism, were measured from serum in both groups. ASD severity was evaluted by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Results: Serum vitamin D and VDR were substantially reduced in patients with ASD in comparision to control group. However, homocysteine level was significantly higher and vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate were also reduced in patients with ASD. Total CARS score showed a positive association with homocysteine and a negative correlation with vitamins D,B6, B12, folate and VDR. Conclusion: This comprehensive study, which examines many parameters has shown that low serum levels of vitamins D, B6, B12, folate and VDR as well as high homocysteine are important in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. However, further studies are required to define the precise mechanism(s) of these parameters and their contributions to the etiology and treatment of ASD.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1103-1112
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• 2017

엽산은 체내에서 아미노산과 핵산의 합성에 필수적인 성분이며, 세포 분열과 성장에도 중요한 역할을 담당하며 유아기, 성장기, 임신기 및 수유기에 높게 요구되는 수용성 비타민이다. 버섯류는 다양한 영양 및 생리활성 성분의 존재가 알려지면서 국내 식단에서 차지하는 비중이 점차 높아지고 있으나 실제로 섭취하게 되는 조리된 버섯류의 엽산 성분에 관한 데이터베이스는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는 4가지 표준조리법(삶기, 굽기, 볶기, 튀기기)에 따른 6종 버섯(백만송이버섯, 양송이버섯, 목이버섯, 표고버섯, 느타리버섯, 팽이버섯)의 엽산 함량 변화를 분석하고 조리 전 후의 중량 변화를 고려한 가공계수를 산출하였으며 이를 적용한 엽산 잔존율을 평가하였다. 또한, 분석 결과의 국가 영양성분 데이터베이스로의 활용을 위하여 엽산 분석에 사용된 trienzyme extraction-L casei 분석법을 검증하고 내 외부 분석품질관리를 수행하여 분석 결과의 신뢰도를 확보하였다. 생버섯 6종의 엽산 함량은 버섯의 종류에 따라 $6.04-64.82{\mu}g/100g$의 범위를 나타내었으며(느타리버섯 > 팽이버섯 > 표고버섯 > 양송이버섯 > 백만송이버섯 > 목이버섯) 이는 조리법의 종류에 따라 다양하게 변화되었다. 목이, 표고, 및 느타리버섯은 네 가지 모든 조리법에서 엽산 함량이 각각 22-48, 2-31, 17-56%로 감소된 반면, 백만송이 버섯은 모든 조리법에서 17-90% 증가되었다. 한편, 양송이 버섯과 팽이버섯의 경우, 삶기에서는 생버섯에 비하여 엽산 함량이 각각 16%와 34% 감소한 반면, 튀기기에서는 각각 24%와 465%의 증가를 나타냈다. 조리 전후의 버섯의 중량 차이는 조리수를 이용한 삶기에서 가장 적었으며 고온에서 조리되는 튀기기에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 조리법에 따른 무게 변화를 고려한 가공계수를 고려하여 엽산 잔존율을 계산한 결과, 백만송이버섯을 제외한 5종 버섯에서는 대부분의 조리법에서 100% 이하의 잔존율을 보였으며, 전체적으로 삶는 조리법에서 엽산 잔존율 감소가 크게 나타났으며 튀기는 조리법에서는 비교적 잔존율이 높게 유지되었다. Trienzyme extraction-L. casei 분석법을 검증한 결과 우수한 정확성과(회수율 100.4%) 정밀성(CV 3% 이하)을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 본 연구가 진행되는 전 기간 동안 품질관리시료를 분석한 결과가 QC chart 관리수준 범위($172.58-188.20{\mu}g/100g$) 이내에 들어가 모든 분석이 관리하에 진행되었음이 확인되었다. FAPAS PT 시험에서 trienzyme extraction-L. casei 분석법이 z-score=-0.5를 얻어 분석 숙련도의 우수성도 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 분석법 검증 및 품질관리 결과는 본 연구에서 생산된 생버섯 및 조리 버섯의 엽산 분석 데이터의 신뢰도가 우수함을 보여주는 것으로써 이는 국가식품 데이터베이스 구축을 위해 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.