• 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2004

This paper investigates previous theories on English focus realization and attempts to find out the overall acoustic characteristics of English focus. It has been argued in previous studies that English focus can be defined as a new information that is not recoverable from the context (Halliday 1967), a complementary element of presupposition (Jackendoff 1972), and what is predicated about the topic in a sentence (Sgall 1973, Gundel 1974). The phonetic realization of English focus in an utterance has been said to be either L+H*/H*, or falling accent. Yet it is a more or less simplified pattern not based on real data obtained from native speakers of English, and it does not consider the various pragmatic and contextual situations. In our experiments we found that native speakers uttered English focus sentences in different ways according to the different focus structure. Another notable result is that Korean speakers, when provided with the same experimental material, are neither able to distinguish different focus types nor deaccent the elements that are not focused in an utterance.

• 중국학논총
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• 제68호
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• pp.55-73
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• 2020

本文诣在信息结构的观点研究'NP来VP'构式, 探讨了'来'语用层面的功能。本文指出把'来'看作对比焦点的先前研究的片面观点, 在以具体语境为基础, 对'NP来VP'构式进行了信息结构分析。结果发现'来'在不同语境下可以表示对比话题标记, 信息焦点标记, 对比焦点标记等。第一, 在一个语境中某个指示语已经作为话题出现, 然后在后续的语境中'来'附着于这个话题后, 那么此时的'来'有对比话题标记的功能。第二, 整个句子作焦点的, 如'我来介绍一下'中'来'是句子的信息焦点标记。第三, 表示确认焦点的句子里'来'出现在施事成分后, 与句子焦点域中的对比项构成对比, 因此此时的'来'有对比焦点标记功能。

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.175-205
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• 2002

인터넷과 대용량 데이터베이스가 정보검색환경을 주도하게 되면서 이용자가 원하는 정보를 효율적으로 찾을 수 있는 강력한 검색도구가 요구되었다. 정보시각화 기법은 이러한 요구에 부응하여 개발된 것으로 복잡하고도 대규모의 데이터를 의미적으로 그리고 조직적으로 보여주는 시각표상 기법이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 정보검색시스템에서 다각적으로 응용되고 있는 정보시각화 기법을 조사 분석하였다. 그 결과, 첫째 연구결과 데이터, 검색대상인 문헌, 검색결과로 나타난 검색정보를 시각화 대상으로 하여 연구가 진행되고 있었다. 둘째, 이용자의 상호작용과 항해를 수월하게 하는 정보시각화 기법으로는 줌과 팬기법, focus+ context기법, 점증탐사기법, 클러스터링 기법 둥을 들 수 있다. 셋째, 이용자에게 실제 시각메타포로 보여주는 방식으로 선형구조 표현방식, 계층구조 표현방식, 네트워크구조 표현방식, 벡터분산구조 표현방식을 찾아볼 수 있었다. 정보검색시스템에 계속적으로 정보시각화 기법이 응용되고 구현되기 위해서는 기존 기법의 평가와 이용자 요구분석이 수행되어야 하므로 본 연구의 결과 또한 새로운 시각화 인터페이스 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 본다.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.137-159
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• 2016

Although prior studies suggest that transformational leadership and servant leadership fuel followers' creativity, there is a few study on leadership style and followers' personality interaction. Based on regulatory focus theory, this study believe that interaction impacts of leadership styles and followers' regulatory focus differed in promotion focus and prevention focus employees' creativity. To strengthen causal process and rule out alternative results, this study conducted an experimental study using field employees. Participant were randomly assigned to four conditions (transformational leadership ${\times}$ promotion focus), (transformational leadership ${\times}$ prevention focus), (servant leadership ${\times}$ promotion focus), (servant leadership ${\times}$ prevention focus). The major results of this study suggest that (1) transformational leadership was positively related to promotion focus followers' intrinsic motivation and creativity, and was negatively related to prevention focus followers' intrinsic motivation and creativity. (2) Servant leadership, on the other hand, was positively related to promotion focus and prevention focus followers' motivation and creativity. (3) Intrinsic motivation mediated the relationship between interaction effects of leadership style and follower's regulatory focus style and individual creativity. The results of this study demonstrated a remarkable differential impact based on a simple manipulation inducing feeling or thinking of a responsive situation. This research, measuring interaction impact of leadership and followers' regulatory focus in an experimental context, expands the leadership style and regulatory focus literature and provides future directions on leadership role in personality-related research domains.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제1권
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• pp.181-225
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• 1997

The semantic and pragmatic effect of inerrogative illocutionary operator is analyzed in a dynamic setting in the framework of structured meaning representation with respect to the dialogue participants' shared common ground. I propose a framework for an optinal interpretation of focus phrases in terrogatives share the essential properties of focus in general, namely that they introduce alternatives to be taken advantage of by relevant focus-sensitive operators. The theory makes an interesting prediction on the distribution and interpretation of double questions in which one question gets modified by another. A further extention of the theory is spelled out to account for other non-assertional illocutionary operators like imperatives and their foci.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제38호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1999

There is an indisputable connection between prosody and focus. The focal prominence in Korean, a prosodic realization of pitch prominence in an utterance, defines a focused constituent, the domain of which is identified by the Focus Identification Principle. To this is added the Basic Focus Rule which makes it possible to capture and interpret the focal domain, which can then be tested against the available context. The focal domain can be contextually made available by setting it off with information structure boundaries(I/S) identified by the Information Structure Identification Principle. The fragment of the utterance enclosed within the IS boundaries can be recognized as 'new' information with the help of the Focus Domain Identification Rule. Since information structures are pragmatically tied to semantic levels of grammatical systems, the Basic Focus Rule is now replaced by the Focal Prominence Principle ensuring the focal prominence within the focal domain. Close relationships exist between patterns of intonation and their expressiveness in terms of giving a pragmatically-oriented description of focus. This is particularly manifested in Korean sentences containing contrastiveness.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2003

This paper investigates the tonal patterns of English information structure composed of topic and focus. It has been argued in previous theories that there is a significant relationship between English topic-focus structure and intonation. The English topic is marked with L+H* pitch accent and focus is marked with H* pitch accent. These theories, however, are oversimplified ones since they do not consider the contextual differences of topic and focus. To examine more concrete tonal patterns of English topic and focus, we classified topic into two subcategories of reminding topic and old-information topic. Focus was categorized into three: information focus, contrastive focus, and reference focus. The overall results show that native English speakers are inclined to use both the L+H* and H* pitch accent for the topic and focus of an utterance. We also observe a tendency to deaccentuate the topics given as old information and to mark the topics given as noun phrase with H* pitch accent. As for the intonation of focus, H* pitch accent is the most frequent type of accent, but L+H* also shows a high percentage of implementation especially in the context of correction or contrast.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to show the characteristics of integrated welfare center space by applying Context-Awareness technology in order to provide user-friendly services for efficient use of integrated welfare centers as more and more people are interested in using welfare integrated welfare centers which have increasingly been supplied. For this study, we propose the spaces which provide users of integrated welfare centers with proper services by applying Context-Awareness after reviewing the theory of Context-Awareness through literature study as well as case analysis and choosing the reasonable Context-Awareness technology for integrated welfare centers. As it is possible to efficiently provide users with safety service, information service and convenient service by the analysis of space, users' movement in lobby where Context-Awareness is applied and the lobbies of integrated welfare centers in Munsan area, Paju-si out of domestic cases about integrated welfare centers, the different type of spaces from the existing one is expected.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.57-74
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• 2001

In this paper, I propose syntactic, semantic and pragmatic restrictions on the distribution of the contrastive topic marker‘-(n)un’in Korean. A contrastive topic is associated with another focus. The association with focus is subject to syntactic islands. On the other hand, there is no syntactic restriction between a phrase attached with‘-(n)un’and a focused expression within the ‘-(n)un’phrase itself. In this area there is a semantic requirement that the alternatives generated by a focused expression be maintained up to the phrase attached with‘-(n)un’. Finally, when‘-(n)un’is used in an embedded clause, the whole sentence becomes natural when the contrastive topic introduced by‘-(n)un’and its alternative contrastive topic, which is presupposed by the contrastive topic marker, jointly constitute a more complex topic which is related to the whole context. And exclusiveness facilitates the formation of the whole complex context.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.227-231
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• 2009

The aim of the research is to focus on the cognitive principles and to achieve human-level intelligence in referring context based browser history and the Windows history. One of the major problems faced by today's computer users is insufficient and single exclusive context based reference of the browser history and the Windows history. Today we search for the browser history and Windows history in different places even though the context is the same. For e.g., When working on a research paper or preparing a business presentation, a user may require to refer many web sites on the internet and various documents on the local computer. The browser can provide only time based history. The windows document history is also time based and limited to list only few documents. Hence, we propose a tool "Cognitive Based Context Aware Reference History Management Tool" which helps to access the exclusive reference of context and time based history in one place. The tool also proposes to store image history with urls and classifies images of a specific topic accessed in different time, bookmarks management and cross browser history management. These features are very useful as we can access all related documents (doc, docx, ppt, pptx, pdf, txt, and html), web pages, images and bookmarks in one place. The tool uses the cognitive principles like classification and association to achieve the purpose.