• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.257-263
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• 1996

Flower-inducing activity in the phloem exudata of Pharbitis cotyledons was investigated using the bioassay of Pharbitis and Lemna. By SDS-PAGE and 2-D gel electrophoresis of the phloem exudate, two polypeptides of 11 kDa and of approximately 32 kDa (pI 6.9) showing qualitative changes during the flower induction were detected. A polypeptide of approximately 20 kDa (pI 4.8) specifically labeled in vivo with [35S]methionine was found during the inductive dark period in Pharbitis cotyledon tissues. The polypeptide of the equivalent molecular mass and with the identicl pI value was also detected by in vitro translation assay. Thus, it is assumed that the 20 kDa polypeptide plays a role in the process of flower induction in Pharbitis cotyledons.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.532-538
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• 1996

Indoor seed orchard의 가능성을 시험하기 위해 온실의 화분에서 자라는 낙엽송 접목묘와 야외에서 자라는 실생묘에 Gibberellins(GA4/7) 살포, 주입 및 몇가지 보조 처리를 사용하여 조기개화를 유도하였다. 온실의 화분에 지라는 접목묘에 대해서는 GA4/7 반복 살포 단독처리가 가장 효과적이었으나 보조 처리로서 사용된 root pruning은 상승효과를 보이 지 못했다. GA4/7 주입은 접목표의 치사를 초래하였기 때문에 유용한 방법이 아니었다. 10년생 실생묘를 이용한 야외실험에서는 GA4/7 살포와 보조처리로서 root pruning 또는 plastic mulching의 사용이 개화의 유도에 가장 효과적이었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-17
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• 1998

폐광에서 유출되는 냉기 및 냉수를 활용하여 시설내에서 딸기를 야냉단일처리하여 개화, 화방 및 수량에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 개화율은 정식 70일후 대조구에서 65% 이하로 나타났지만, 야냉단일 처리구에서는 품종과 처리에 관계없이 100% 이었다. 화방 및 화뢰수는 전 품종에서 대조구에 비해 야냉단일처리구에서 현저히 증가하였고, 평균 개화일수도 야냉처리에서 7-15일 정도 단축되었다. 과실 및 총수량은 '수홍'이 5주 처리에서 개당 24.2g으로 가장 많았고, 대조구에 비해 야냉단일 처리구에서 수확기간내의 총수량이 6-7배 증가하였으며, 평균 수확일은 정식 후 80-97일로 나타났다.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1987년도 식물생명공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceedings of Symposia on Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.213-237
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• 1987

In vitro flowering system may minimize the confounded influence of non-floral meristem parts of plants in studying the relationship of a given treatment and flowering responses. We have induced flower buds from plantlets regenerated from zygotic embryo-derived somatic embryos of ginseng, which circumvented the normal 2-year juvenile period before flowering. The result suggests that the adulthood of ginseng root explants in the experiment previously conducted by Chang and Hsing (1980; Nature 284: 341-342) is not prerequired to flowering of plantlets regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. We have also induced flower buds from elongated axillary brandches from cotyledonary nodes by culturing ginseng zygotic embryos, seedlings, and excised cotyledonary nodes. It was found that 6-benzyladenine (BA) supplemented to the medium was essential for flowering, whereas abscisic acid (ABA) was inhibitory. Gibberellic acid(GA3) was also required for flowering when ABA was present with BA in the medium. The results suggest that cytokinins, gibberellins, and inhibitors play primary, permissive, and preventive roles, respective-ly, in the induction of flowering of ginseng. Tran Thanh Van (1980; Int. Rev. Cytol., Suppl. IIA: 175-194) has developed the "thin cell layer system" in which the induction of shoots, roots, or flower buds from epidermal layer explants were controlled by culture conditions and exogenous growth regulators in the medium, Utilizing the thin cell layer system, Meeks-Wagner et al. (1989; The Plant Cell 1: 25-35) have cloned genes specifically expressed during floral evocation. However, the system is too tedious for obtaining a sufficient amount of plant materials for biochmical and molecular biological studies of flowering. We have developed a garlic callus culture system and one obvious advantaging over the thin cell layer system is that an abundant cells committed to develope into flower buds proliferate. When the above cells were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with those which have just lost the competence for developing into flower buds, a few putative proteins specific to floral evocation were detected. The garlic callus culture system can be further explored for elucidation of the molecular biological mechanism of floral evocation and morphogenesis.hogenesis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2014

본 연구는 백도라지의 재배 단지화에 필요한 순수 장백도라지의 육묘를 농가에 보급화하기 위한 기초연구로서 장백도라지의 기내 재분화 조건을 확립하고 순화와 이식에 적합한 상토 조건을 구명하고자 하였다. 캘러스 및 신초의 재분화에는 0.5 mg/L NAA와 1.0 mg/L BA를 포함하는 배지에서 가장 효율적이어서 600% 이상의 재분화효율을 보였다. 뿌리의 유기에는 NAA가 IBA보다 효과적이어서 0.5 mg/L NAA를 포함하는 배지에서 평균 16.9일째 발근이 시작되었으며, 75% 이상의 발근율을 보였다. 기내에서 재분화된 식물체의 순화와 이식을 위하여 시중에서 구입한 5종의 상토를 사용하여 조사한 결과 상토 A(토실)이 가장 효과적이어서 8주째의 초장이 12.8 cm로 다른 상토에 비하여 2배 이상 자랐으며, 엽수는 27개, 엽장은 약 4.5 cm로 다른 상토에 비하여 각각 3.5배와 1.5배 이상 증가한 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 조직배양으로 대량증식 시킨 백도라지의 육묘를 농가에 보급함으로서 백도라지의 재배단지에 청도라지의 출현을 방지할 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1990

Induction and culture of hairy roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 were carried out in Platycodon grandiflorum DC. After 2-4 weeks of inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes hairy roots were formed at root segments in the balloon flower. Optimized growth of hairy roots was obtained in hormone-free MS medium, 6% sucrose and pH 5.8. The pattern of ginsenoside in the transformed roots was not different with that in the ordinary roots.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of different day/night temperature regimes or silver ion on growth and flowering of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'. Low temperature treatment ($20/15^{\circ}C$) caused passion fruit cultivar 'Tai-nung No.1' to fail to flower. Flowering induction occurred within a temperature range of $20-30^{\circ}C$, with no significant difference in the days to first flower bud and the total number of flower buds between plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ and $25/20^{\circ}C$. However, plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ exhibited their first flower buds set on the higher nodes and had higher abortion rates of flower buds than those at $25/20^{\circ}C$. Plants grown at $30/25^{\circ}C$ had the most rapid growth and the shortest plastochron. We also evaluated the effect of the ethylene response inhibitors silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) and silver thiosulfate (STS) on growth and flowering of potted passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1', when they were exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) following chemical treatments ($AgNO_3$ or STS, at 0.5 or 1.0 mM). $AgNO_3$ and STS treatments induced flower formation and initial flower bud formation within approximately two weeks at $20/15^{\circ}C$ whereas non-treated control plants exhibited no flower formation. ACC content and activity of ACC oxidase in the leaves of passion fruit 'Tai-nung No.1'exposed to low temperature conditions ($20/15^{\circ}C$) were significantly inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor treatments. These results indicate that ethylene, which is produced under low temperature conditions, plays an important role in inhibiting flower formation in passion fruit.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.263-266
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• 1998

파(Allium fistulosum L.)의 자방을 0.5mg/L NAA와 0.5mg/L BA 또는 0.5mg/L kinetin을 조합처리한 MS배지에서 배양하였을 때, 자방의 표면으로부터 화아발생 캘러스가 유도되었다. 화아발생 캘러스의 유지는 0.5mg/L NAA와 0.5mg/L kinetin이 첨가된 배지에서 계대배양 하였을 때 양호하였다. 배양 3-4주 후 화아들은 화아발생 캘러스로부터 형성되었지만, 계대배양을 거듭할수록 화아의 발생률이 감소하였다. 화아의 발생 단계별 조직학적 관찰 결과 돔형의 분열조직이 넓게 퍼지면서 자연상태의 꽃과 같이 외측에 화판, 내측에 심피와 배주가 기원된 후 성숙한 꽃으로 발달하였다.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

a-Ketol linolenic acid [KODA, 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid, or 9-hydroxy-10 -oxo-12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid] was found as a stress-induced factor in Lemna paucicostata. KODA reacts with catecholamines to generate many products that strongly induce flowering in L. paucicostata, although KODA itself was inactive. KODA contains an asymmetric carbon at the 9-position in the molecule; the 9-hydroxyl group is predominantly 9R, with an enantiomeric excess of 40% (70% 9R and 30% 9S). We analyzed two major products of the reaction between KODA and norepinephrine, named FN1 and FN2. FN1 was identified as a tricyclic a-ketol fatty acid, 9(R)-11-{(2'R,8’R,10'S,11'S)-2',8'-dihydroxy-7'-oxo-11'-[(Z)-2-pentenyl]-9'-oxa-4'-azatricyclo[6.3.1.01.5]dodec-5'en-10'-yl}-9-hydroxy-10-oxoundecanoic acid. FN2 was the C-9 epimer of FN1. FN1 was derived from 9R-type KODA and FN2 from 9S-type. FN1 showed strong flower-inducing activity, but FN2 was inactive. Pharbitis nil (violet) is a typical short-day plant; flowering can be induced by exposing a seedling cultivated under continuous light to a single 16-h dark period. We analyzed endogenous KODA levels and showed that they were closely related to flower induction: KODA sharply increased in the later part of a 16-h dark period, on the other hand, it failed to increase in the night-break experiment. In addition to it, KODA increased transiently in immature flower buds in all the plants we examined, including P. nil. No such increase of KODA was seen in foliar buds of P. nil. When KODA was sprayed on seedlings of Pharbitis, flower induction was promoted only by the (R)-form of KODA. We also found that KODA enhances flowering in garden plants such as carnations and impatienses. These phenomena indicate that KODA may be involved in flowering formationg of plants and it is potentially useful for a regulating agent for commercial plant flowering.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2002

가시오갈피의 꽃봉오리 엽병, 줄기, 줄기마디, 뿌리, 꽃대, 잎 등 조직으로 부터 캘러스가 유기 되었으며 캘러스 유기재료로는 꽃봉오리, 엽병, 줄기, 줄기 마디, 뿌리 등이 적합하였다. 캘러스 유기율은 한국산 가시오갈피가 일본산과 러시아산보나 높게 나타났다. 캘러스유기에는 2.4-D와 TDZ조합처리가 효과적이었으며 한국가시오갈피의 엽병, 줄기, 액아, 뿌리절편으로부터 형성된 캘러스에서 배발생 캘러스가 형성되었으며 줄기에서 형성된 캘러스로부터 한국, 일본, 러시아산 가시오갈피 모두에서 배발생캘러스가 형성되었다. 엽병에서 형성된 캘러스로부터 배발생캘러스의 유기율이 가장 높았으며 2.4-D 1mg/l 처리가 가장 효과적이었다. 액체배지에서의 체세포배의 생장에는 생장조절물질을 첨가하지 않은 MS기본배지가 적합하였다. 기내에서 잎과 뿌리 분화가 이루어지고 건실하게 자란 식물체를 온실에 옮겨 순화하였을 경우 99.1%의 생존율을 보였다.