• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.1131-1140
• /
• 2019

Characteristics of fruit tree canopies are important target information for adjusting the pesticide application rate in variable rate spraying in orchards. Therefore, the target detection of the canopy characteristics is very important. In this study, a canopy volume measurement method for peach trees was presented and a variable rate spraying system based on canopy volume measurement was developed using the ultrasonic sensing, one of the most effective target detection method. Ten ultrasonic sensors and two flow control units were mounted on the orchard air-assisted sprayer. The ultrasonic sensors were used to detect the canopy diameters and the flow controls were used to modify the flow rate of the nozzles in real time. Two treatments were established: a constant application rate of $300Lha^{-1}$ was set as the control treatment for the comparison with the variable rate application at a $0.095Lm^{-3}$ canopy. The tracer deposition at different parts of peach trees and the tracer losses to the ground (between rows and within rows) were analyzed in detail under constant rate and variable rate application. The results showed that there were no significant differences between two treatments in the liquid distribution and the capability to reach the inner parts of the crop canopies.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2000

In this study, methods for the characteristics measurement of pneumatic elements using isothermal chamber, the methods for the flow rate and dynamic characteristic measurement of pneumatic control valve, are proposed. An isothermal chamber is a chamber in which the steel wool is stuffed and isothermal condition can almost be realized. Therefore, the instantaneous flow rate could be measured only from the pressure response using the state equation of gas. Effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed method are confirmed by comparing the measured results obtained by proposed methods with the methods defined JIS and the ISO standards.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1999.12a
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 1999

Thermal mass flow meter (TMF) is used measuring the small mass flow rate of gases. Generally, flow rate measuring accuracy of TMF is $\pm2{\%}$ of full scale. TMF is manufactured for specified working pressure and specified working gas by customer. If it were applied for different working pressure and gases, flow rate measurement accuracy decreased dramatically. In this study, a TMF tested with three different gases and pressure range of 0.2 MPa to 1.0 MPa. Effect of specific heat cause to increase flow measurement error as much as ratio of specific heat compare with reference gas. Pressure change cause to increase flowrate measurement deviation about $-0.2{\%}$ as the working pressure decreased 0.1 MPa.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 2013

Discharge data examine the process of hydrologic cycle and used significantly in water resource planning and irrigation and flood control planning. It makes high quality discharge data, they carry out research on standard and method of discharge measurement, and equipment improvement. Now various flow meters are utilized to make discharge data in Korea. However, accuracy of equipment and exprerimental research data from measurement are not enough. ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) have been introduced and utilized for flow measurements since the end of 1980's. ADCP flow method is a formal method for flow measurement can easily applyd to relatively large rivers gradually recognized. This equipment can measure the non-contact three-dimensional velocity and water depth data very quickly and efficiently. Also, spatial and temporal resolution of the data is more accurate than any other flow measurement methods which measure flow rate by velocity - area measurement method. In this paper, the velocity is measured using various flow meter and verified the effectiveness by applying from the ADCP in Geum-river. Various flow meters which are med for discharge measurements are VALEPORT002, FLOW TRACKER, PRICE AA and ADCP. The average of five times flow measurement result by ADCP was $10.412m^3/s$, with a standard deviation of 0.68. The repeat test by ADCP and comparison between ADCP and other flow devices to verify the most import factor, flow measurement accuracy. In the result, repeat test of the ADCP showed similar values, flow values were similar to other velocity device results and the average error is 7.7%.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.12a
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2003

It is the common features of the integral reactors that the main components of the RCS are installed within the reactor vessel, and so there are no any flow pipes connecting the coolant pumps or steam generators. Due to no any flow pipes, it is impossible to measure the differential pressure at the RCS of the integral reactors, and it also makes impossible measure the flow-rate of the reactor coolant. As a alternative method, the method by the measurement of coolant pump power has been introduced in this study. Up to now, we did not found out a precedent which the coolant pump power is used for the real-time flow-rate calculation at normal operation of the commercial nuclear power plants. The objective of the study is to embody the real-time flow-rate calculation method by the measurement of coolant pump power in an integral reactor. As a result of the study, we could theoretically reason that the capacity-head curve and capacity-shaft power curve around the rated capacity with the high specific-speeded axial flow pumps have each diagonally steep incline but show the similar shape. Also, we could confirm the above theoretical reasoning from the measured result of the pump motor inputs, So, it has been concluded that it is possible to calculate the real-time flow-rate by the measurement of pump motor inputs. In addition, the compensation for a above new method can be made by HBM being now used in the commercial nuclear power plants.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2018

The turbine flowmeter is selected for high precision and reproducibility at the time of flow rate measurement but causes various uncertainty factors of measurement in the difference between the standard environmental condition at calibration and the environmental condition at the site. Also, a reliable interpolation method is required for use in sections other than calibrated measurement values. Therefore, in this paper, in order to improve the reliability of the flow rate measurement, we designed and manufactured a device that accurately measures the output signal of the turbine flowmeter, interpolates the value of the calibrated result value, and corrects the temperature change in real time We confirmed the reliability of the measurement at the site to carry out the performance verification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 1996.11a
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 1996

This paper describes a system for measurement and control of a gas flow. In order to measure the flux of gas and control a vavle according to flux, this system was developed. This system is implemented on the personal computer and its environment is developed tool called TMS. This system includes a main program and Tele-Metering Unit for transmitting correcting flow value based on temperature and pressure in flow computer and AD converter for transmitting instantaneous flow rate, temperature and pressure as interface part of personal computer. This system was made by Visual C++ program. Using this system, inspected data for the recognition of transmitting flow value are generated on the screen, file and printer. The activity, reliability of this system was verified on Daegu-Citygas that aids the system for the acquisition of inspected data by realtime application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2000

In hydraulic control system turbine and gear motor type flowmeters are widely used to measure the flow rate under steady flow conditions. With the recent growth of interest in the measurement of instantaneous values of unsteady flow rate the test of the transient response of these flowmeters are in some significance. however an unsteady flow rate mea-surment and its calibration method with a fast response and a high accuracy have not beendeveloped. In this research particularly the dynamic characteristics of turbine and gear motor type flowmeters are investigated experimentally and simple mathematical models are proposed. The measured flow rate waveforms are compared with those by remote instan-taneous flow rate measurement method(RIFM) which has been developed by author and used for calibration As the result of frequency response test gain and phase between the measured flow rate waveforms by turbine type flowmeter and those estimated by RIFM are in good agreement up to 70Hz For the gear motor type flowmeter th simulated results by a math-ematical model proposed here agree well with the experiment nearly up to 100Hz. Also it if sound that the pressure drop across the flowmeter is increased in proportion to the frequency of the flow rate variation in a high frequency region of more than 100Hz. It can be explained that the dealy of gear motor type flowmeter in high frequency regionis mainly attributed to a first order delay consisting of the inertia of gears and internal leakage of the gear motor.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.1169-1175
• /
• 2019

The minimum detectable activity (MDA) value was derived according to the flow rate of the sample and degree of amplification of the device by sending the sample directly from the collection site to the detection part through a pump. This method can lead to reduction in time and cost compared to the existing measurement method that uses a pre-treatment process. In this study, experiments were conducted on $^3H$ and $^{90}Sr$, which are the major pure beta-emitting radionuclides, by setting the sample flow rate and the amplification gain as factors. The MDA values were derived according to the flow rates, considering that the flow rate can affect the MDA values. There were no change in the MDA under different flow rates of 0, 600, 800, and 1000 mL/min. Therefore, it was confirmed that the flow rate may not be considered when collecting samples for monitoring in actual field. As the degree of amplification of the amplifier increased, the time required to reach the target MDA decreased. When the amplification was quadrupled, the detection efficiency increased by approximately 23.4 times, and the time to reach the MDA decreased to approximately 1/550 times. This method offers the advantage of real-time on-site monitoring.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.227-231
• /
• 2004

It is the common features of the integral reactors that the main components of the RCS are installed within the reactor vessel, and so there are no any flow pipes connecting the steam generator or the pump whose type is the axial flow. Due to no any flow pipes, it is impossible to measure the differential pressure at the RCS of the integral reactors, and it also makes impossible measure the flow-rate of the reactor coolant. As a alternative method, the method by the measurement of the pump power of the axial flow pump has been introduced in this study. Up to now, we did not found out a precedent which the pump power is used for the flow-rate calculation at normal operation of the commercial nuclear power plants. The objective of the study is to embody the flow-rate calculation method by the measurement of the pump power in an integral reactor. As a result of the study, we could theoretically reason that the capacity-head curve and capacity-shaft power curve around the rated capacity with the high specific-speeded axial flow pumps have each diagonally steep incline but show the similar shape. Also, we could confirm the above theoretical reasoning from the measured result of the pump motor inputs. So, it has been concluded that it is possible to calculate the flow-rate by the measurement of the pump motor inputs.