• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2018

본 논문은 주거공간에서 고령자 청력손실을 고려한 소음 및 잔향에 따른 음성 전송 성능을 청취실험을 통해 평가하였다. 주거환경 소음으로 바닥충격음, 교통소음, 공기전달음과 배수소음을 대상으로 하였으며, 공동주택의 잔향환경을 모사하기 위해 실내음향 컴퓨터시뮬레이션을 실시하여 충격응답를 추출하였다. 청취실험 음원은 고령자 청력손실(65세 남성)을 반영하기 위해 소음 및 단어 음원의 고주파대역의 음압레벨을 저감시킨 음원(고령자 음원)과 정상청력을 반영한 원음(청년 음원)을 대상으로 하였다. 청취실험은 각각 3개의 소음레벨($L_{Aeq}$ 30, 40, 50 dB)과 잔향시간(0.5, 1.0, 1.5 s)을 갖는 음환경 조건에서 제시된 단어($L_{Aeq}$ 55 dB)의 음성요해도(speech intelligibility)와 듣기 어려운 정도(listening difficulty)를 평가하는 것으로 하였다. 청취실험 결과, 음성레벨이 55 dB($L_{Aeq}$)일 때 잔향시간 1.0 s 이하 조건에서 충격소음(점핑음) 50 dB($L_{i,Fmax,AW}$)와 정상소음(도로, 음악, 배수 소음) 40 dB($L_{Aeq}$) 이하의 소음레벨에서는 고령자 및 청년 음원 모두 90 % 이상의 음성요해도와 30 % 이하의 듣기 어려운 정도를 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 고령자 청력손실을 반영한 고령자 음원의 경우 청년 음원 보다 음성요해도는 0 % ~ 5 % 낮았고 듣기 어려운 정도는 2 % ~ 10 % 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.209-212
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• 2013

교육부가 중점 추진하는 누리과정은 교육과 보육에 대한 국가차원의 표준화된 교육과정으로서 취학전 교육의 질을 제고하고, 생애 초기의 공정한 출발선을 보장하며 전 영역에서 창의 인성 교육을 강조하고 있다. 영유아기 누리과정의 창의교육을 위한 곤충로봇을 개발하여 흥미와 교육효과를 높였다. 기존의 지면을 사용한 조립도와 온라인 홈페이지를 이용한 교육용 로봇의 조립과 학습에 VR을 이용하여 조립과 교육내용학습에 효과를 높였다. 유아들이 로봇을 학습하기 위해서는 적극적인 관심과 학습의 동기가 필요하며 정보기반사회에서의 정보기술을 활용한 창의적인 학습 또한 필요하다. 증강현실에서 사용될 마커는 로봇에 관한 3차원의 모델정보를 연계하여 증강하고, 이는 마커를 통하여 증강현실의 대상 마커와 카메라와의 상대 좌표계 변환을 구하고, 그 마커내의 패턴을 이용하여 미리 정의된 패턴 중 무엇인지에 대한 결정을 할 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문을 통하여 교육용 조립로봇의 현실세계에서의 창의교육과 증강 가상환경으로 표현되는 스마트교육을 융합하여 새로운 형태의 첨단 스마트교육을 제시하여 국가인재의 조기육성을 통한 인재대국의 기초를 마련하고자 한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2008

Fonualei Rift and Spreading Center(FRSC)와 Mangatolu Triple Junction(MTJ) 칼데라는 활동성 후호분지인 라우(Lau)분지 북동쪽에 위치하고 있다. FRSC에서는 심해 견인 및 표층 자력탐사가 수행되었으며, 심해 견인 자력탐사에서 나타나는 해저 지형과 자력계 고도 사이의 거리 변화 영향을 보정하기 위해 Guspi의 상향연속법을 이용하여 동일한 고도에서 측정한 값으로 변환하였다. Parker and Huestis의 역산 알고리즘을 이용하여 해양지각의 자화를 계산하였고, 이로부터 심해저 열수 분출구 탐사와 해저지각 구조를 파악하고자 하였다. FRSC의 심해 견인 자력탐사 결과 해령에서 주로 나타나는 최대 4.5 A/m의 Central Anomaly Magnetization High(CAMH)가 관측되었으며, 남남서-북북동으로 추정되는 해령의 방향은 라우분지 내 주요 확장축의 방향과 일치하는 경향을 보인다. 또한 FRSC에서는 열수 분출구로 의심되는 - 4.0 A/m의 저자화이상이 발견되었다. MTJ 칼데라$(174^{\circ}00'W\;15^{\circ}20'S)$에서는 표층 자력탐사만이 수행되었고, 남남서-북북동 방향으로 함몰된 화륜과 중앙에서 나타나는 CAMH를 통해 칼데라 중심에 활동성 확장축이 존재하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

21세기 우리사회는 출산율 저하로 인한 인구감소와 노인의 고령화에 의해 노인 인구층이 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 그런 시대적인 요구에 따라 1997년 노인복지법이 전면 개정되면서 노인복지시설은 각 지역의 규모 및 수용인원의 차이와 사회 및 경제적인 특성에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있다. 이런 문제들의 대두로 인하여 노인들의 여가를 위한 복지시설의 필요에 따라 정부는 노인들을 위한 서비스 및 시설 확충에 대한 다양한 계획안을 마련하여 실행하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 정부의 시행은 질적인 측면보다는 양적 증가에만 치중하고 있어 수요자인 노인들을 고려한 수준 높은 노인복지시설은 아직도 부족한 실정이다. 이에 비하여 일본의 노인복지센터는 1960년대부터 건립하기 시작하여 1970년대부터 급격하게 증가하였으며, 1995년에 2,214개소가 운영되고 있어 양적, 질적으로 높은 수준을 유지하고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 일본의 지역 노인복지시설 서비스의 중심적 역할을 하는 노인복지센터의 시설기준과 면적구성, 층별 공간구성의 사례분석을 통하여 국내 노인복지시설의 공간구성 계획의 기준에 필요한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1995

An outbreak of dermatosis occurred in a livestock fodder factory at Kyongju in May 1994. Authors conducted a questionnaire survey on 60 workers in the factory and a dermatologist examined their skin lesion. Authors also collected mites and identified them. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1. Twenty-eight cases of dermatosis were identified with attack rate of 46.7%. Attack rate was not different by department, age, sex, educational level and employment duration. Attack rate was 67.5% in productive worker and 5.0% in clerical workers (p<0.01) but was not significantly different between departments among productive workers (p>0.05). 2. Three cases among 28 dermatosis cases and one subject among 32 non-cases had a history of same dermatosis last year. Only one of dermatosis cases had a history of dermatosis among family members. History of other skin lesion and allergy was very rare in both cases and non-cases. 3. Skin lesions of the cases were rice-sized erythematous rapules or vesicles with a central biting point. Onset date of dermatosis was between May 1 and June 10. Duration was from one day to more than 30 days. Skin lesion was most frequent at the back(75.0%), and also observed at the arms(64.3%), abdomen(60.7%), legs(57.1%), chest(32.1%) and neck (25.0%). Skin lesion was aggravated while workers are sweeping the floor(35.7%), working at the workplace(21.4%) and in bed at night(28.6%). 4. Total 1,637 mites were collected and identified into 3 suborder, 7 families and 17 species. Dermatophagoides farinae was most frequent md most of the species identified were blood sucking mites. Authors concluded that the. outbreak of dermatosis was brought about by mite-bites and grain beetle parasitizing Acarophenax tribolii was the most suspected species. Further studies to identify the specific species causing dermatosis and route of import are needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.133-160
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• 1973

1. Introduction Community medicine with the concept of comprehensive medical care and an ideal medical care delivery system not only for an individual or family but for the whole community has emerged. In April 1970, the Presbyterian Medical Center started a hospital based community health service project in order to improve the health of the people in rural areas. Prior to commencing a comprehensive medical care system, a family survey was needed. The major objective of this survey was to obtain information concerning the people and their environment so as to be able to plan and implement a comprehensive medical care program in Soyang-Myun. 2. Survey Method An interview using a family record form was carried out for each household. This family record form was designed to get information about demography, family planning, environmental sanitation and vital statistics. Prior to beginning, the members of the survey team were trained in interviewing techniques for three days. The team consisted of a public health nurse, four nurse-aides, a sanitarian and four health extension workers who are working in our project, The survey was carried out during the period November 1971 to March 1972. 3. Project area 1) Population of Soyang-Myun was 11,668; male, 5,962 and female, 5,706. Sex ratio: 104.5. 2) Households : 1,858 3) Family size: The average household consisted of 6.3 persons. 4) Educational level of householder a. Illiterate 13% b. No schooling but able to read 10% c. Preschool children 19% d. Primary school 47% e. Middle school 7% f. High school 3% g. College or University 1% 5) Occupational distribution of householders a. Farmer 67% b. Laborer 13% c. Office worker 4% d. Merchant 4% e. Industrial worker 2% f. Unemployed 8% g. Miscellaneous 2% 6) Religious affiliation a. No religion 74% b. Buddhist 12% c. Protestant 10% d. Catholic 4% 4. Survey results Living Environment : a. Home ownership 95% b. Kinds of roofing Straw-thatched house 84% Tile-roofed house 10% Slate-roofed house 5% Other 1% c. Floor space Less than 6 pyong 10% 6-10 pyong 53% 11-15 pyong 24% 16-20 pyong 9% More than 20 pyong 4% d. Radio ownership 80% Environmental Sanitation : a. the source of drinking water public well 49% private well 30% drainage water 9% steam water 8% well pump 3% water distribution system 1% b. Distance between well and toilet more than 16meters 38% 6-10 meter 31% 11-15 meters 14% Less than 6 meters 17% c. The status of well management Bad 72% Fair 26% Good 2% d. General sanitary state of house Bad 37% Fair 51% Good 12% e. House drainage system had no house drainage. 77% Family Planning : a. 24% of the people have used contraceptives, but 12% ceased to use them. 76% have never used contraceptives. b. used methods 1oop 68% oral pill 16% vasectomy 4% condom 1% tubal ligation 1% two or more methods 10% Maternal Health : a. The number of conceptions of housewives under 50 years of age. 11 times 26% 6 times 11% 5 times 11% 4 times 9% b. The place of delivery own house 88% hospital 1% others 11% Treatment of general sickness : a. The place of treatment Soyang Health Center 31% Hospital (private or otherwise) 26% Pharmacy 14% Herb medicine 5% Private care 5% No treatment 12% Miscellaneous 7% b. Usual causes of diseases Unknown 46% Tuberculosis 29% Neuralgia 8% CVA 3% Bronchitis 3% Others 11%

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1996

경상북도 문경시 마성면 일대에는 고생대의 퇴적암과 변성암 산지로 둘러싸인 석회암 분지가 형성되어 있다. 이 논문에서는 마성분지의 주변에 분포하는 완만한 구릉지의 지형생성작용을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 구릉지에 피복된 퇴적층을 분석하였으며, 구릉지의 종단면에서 거리와 고도 사이의 관계를 검토하였고, 구릉지와 지질과의 상관관계를 고찰하였다. 본 논문에서 밝혀진 마성분지의 지형생성작용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 퇴적층은 구릉지의 말단부로 갈수록 두께가 증가한다. 퇴적층내 대부분의 역은 석회암질이며, 배후산지와 구릉지의 접경부에서 침식된 물질이다. 퇴적층은 분급은 양호하나 imbrication이 불량하다. 둘째, 분지 주변의 구릉지(해발고도 $160{\sim}230m$)는 '유로(流路)를 갖는 유수(流水)'의 작용으로 형성되었다. 지속적인 유수의 작용으로, 경암과 연암이 접하는 경계 부분에서는 상대적으로 약한 석회암이 신선한 기반암까지 침식되어 경사급변점이 나타났다. 셋째, 구릉지 형성 이후 배후산지가 협곡으로 개석되면서 생산된 boulder들이 구릉지의 퇴적층을 피복하였다. 결론적으로 마성분지의 지형생성작용은 화강암 분지의 생성작용으로 제시되었던 '암석의 연경차에 따른 차별침식'과 궤를 같이 하고 있으나, '포상류에 의한 풍화물질의 제거'와는 상이한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.115-141
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• 2011

In urban space, public space is publicly or privately owned space freely accessible by the public. Privately owned public space to the public hosts small-scale rest facilities to serve the public in buildings of certain purposes and sizes for the sake of pleasant urban environment. The Building Act and building ordinances formulate a set of criteria for management and easement of construction standards as well as the area. When creating privately owned public space, one can get incentives through the easement of floor space index and height limit. The purposes of this study were to investigate and analyze privately owned public open space, which is freely accessible by the public, and its adjacent streets and to propose plans to improve the regulations for securing privately owned public space for more rational and practical legal applications. The study then proposed some plans to help to increase the quality of privately owned public space including applying the coefficient to suggest the type of privately owned public space fit for the features of the streets and measure the appropriate utility level differently and distinguishing the mandatory items according to the facility regulations in privately owned public space from the ones qualified for additional points in case of installation. The types of privately owned public open space should be applied differently and the content of facilities intended should be different according to whether it will serve as a resting place or grant more importance on traffic by walking, depending on the features of its adjacent streets. The privately owned public space, the frontage space of building, and the adjacent sidewalks should become a whole and be regarded as one space from the integrated perspective. The results of the study claim further significance in that it investigated privately owned open space and roadside across Seoul. They will serve as useful data to solve the problems with the privately owned public space of the city, which destroys spatial continuity by focusing on the quantitative increase of privately owned open space and creating individual privately owned open spaces and builds high-rise buildings alienated from the existing spaces, and to increase the quality of future privately owned public space.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-55
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• 1976

An experimental work was conducted to develop an optimum operating system of various hay drying systems ; sun-drying with long hay, sun-drying after chopping, sun-drying after crushing, heated air drying after chopping using batch-type dryer and heated air drying after crushing using tunnel-type dryer. Seombody having 60 cm long and initial moisture content of approximately 79 % in wet basis was used for the experiment. The criteria selected for determining the optimum operating condition were the drying performance rate, the production cost and quality of dried matter of each drying systems. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Drying characteristics of leaves of long stem hay, chopped seombody and crushed one were obtained by maintaining the oven temperature at 70 degrees centigrade. The required drying times for various samples to approximately 15% moisture content in wet basis were about 50 min .for leaves ; 160 min. for crushed hay ; 250 min. for chopped hay ; 340min. for ling hay and more than 360 min .for stems. The drying time of crushed hay was required about 50 % of that for the uncrushed long hay. Such a significant difference of drying of time between the leaf and long stem may indicate that an effective drying of seombody may not be achieved unless any kind of special process treatment for the whole hay is undertaken. 2. In each individual drying system, the following conclusions were drawn: a. After 8 days sun-drying on concrete floor under good days with average tempe?rature at $256{\circ}C$ and relative humidity at 55% at 2 P.M., the moisture content of long hay was still above 25 5'~ and the leaf loss during drying caused by wind and rough handling was more than 50 ~G. b. It was possible to dry the chopped seombody by sun-drying down to about 10 % moisture content within 5 days, however, a stock of heat and discolouration phenomena were observed during the drying, which may be due to the increased deposit-density by chopping, resulting in lowering the quality of the dried product. c. Sun-drying for the crushed material by hay-conditioner was required about 4 days to reduce the moisture content to about 10 %, keeping the quality of dried product at good grade. o. The optimum deposit-depth of the chopped seombody in the batch-type dryer used was about 28cm with about 42kg/hr of drying performance rate. However, it was necessary to overturn the materials between the upper and lower layers in order to obtain a good quality of dried product. d. The drying performance rate by the tunnel-type drier was highest among those of drying systems tested, giving the rate of approximately 400kg/day. 3. On reviewing the individual drying system for seombody, it was possible to draw conclusion that the best system was tunnel drying with the crushed seombody as far as the performance rate was concerned. However, the methods gives the highest operational cost. The system for the lowest operational cost with good quality of dried product was the sun-drying with the crushed material. Accordingly, it may be recommended that the system of sun-drying for the crushed seombody may be the most feasible system presently applicable to farm-level operation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1976

An experimental work was conducted to develop an optimum operating system of various hay drying systems ; sun-drying with long hay, sun-drying after chopping, sun-drying after crushing, heated air drying after chopping using batch-type dryer and heated air drying after crushing using tunnel-type dryer. Seombody having 60 cm long and initial moisture content of approximately 79 % in wet basis was used for the experiment. The criteria selected for determining the optimum operating condition were the drying performance rate, the production cost and quality of dried matter of each drying systems. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Drying characteristics of leaves of long stem hay, chopped seombody and crushed one were obtained by maintaining the oven temperature at 70 degrees centigrade. The required drying times for various samples to approximately 15% moisture content in wet basis were about 50 min .for leaves ; 160 min. for crushed hay ; 250 min. for chopped hay ; 340min. for ling hay and more than 360 min .for stems. The drying time of crushed hay was required about 50 % of that for the uncrushed long hay. Such a significant difference of drying of time between the leaf and long stem may indicate that an effective drying of seombody may not be achieved unless any kind of special process treatment for the whole hay is undertaken. 2. In each individual drying system, the following conclusions were drawn: a. After 8 days sun-drying on concrete floor under good days with average tempe\ulcornerrature at $256{\circ}C$ and relative humidity at 55% at 2 P.M., the moisture content of long hay was still above 25 5'~ and the leaf loss during drying caused by wind and rough handling was more than 50 ~G. b. It was possible to dry the chopped seombody by sun-drying down to about 10 % moisture content within 5 days, however, a stock of heat and discolouration phenomena were observed during the drying, which may be due to the increased deposit-density by chopping, resulting in lowering the quality of the dried product. c. Sun-drying for the crushed material by hay-conditioner was required about 4 days to reduce the moisture content to about 10 %, keeping the quality of dried product at good grade. o. The optimum deposit-depth of the chopped seombody in the batch-type dryer used was about 28cm with about 42kg/hr of drying performance rate. However, it was necessary to overturn the materials between the upper and lower layers in order to obtain a good quality of dried product. d. The drying performance rate by the tunnel-type drier was highest among those of drying systems tested, giving the rate of approximately 400kg/day. 3. On reviewing the individual drying system for seombody, it was possible to draw conclusion that the best system was tunnel drying with the crushed seombody as far as the performance rate was concerned. However, the methods gives the highest operational cost. The system for the lowest operational cost with good quality of dried product was the sun-drying with the crushed material. Accordingly, it may be recommended that the system of sun-drying for the crushed seombody may be the most feasible system presently applicable to farm-level operation.