• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.325-328
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• 2007

We discuss the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the forest canopy and floor separately based on airborne spectral reflectance measurements and simultaneous airborne land surface images acquired around Yakutsk, Siberia in 2000. The aerial land surface images were visually classified into four forest types: no-green canopy and snow floor (Type-1), green canopy and snow floor (Type-2), no-green canopy and no-snow floor (Type-3), and green canopy and no-snow floor (Type-4). The mean NDVI was calculated for these four types. Although Type-2 had green canopy, the NDVI was rather small (0.17) because of high reflection from the snow cover on the floor. Type-3, which had no green canopy, indicated considerably large NDVI (0.45) due to the greenness of the floor. Type-4 had the largest NDVI (0.75) because of the greenness of both the canopy and floor. These results reveal that the NDVI depends considerably on forest floor greenness and snow cover in addition to canopy greenness.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

Floor impact sound has been most annoying for years among the noises which are produced in apartment. This study aims to analyze the improvement of floor impact sound by comparing the results of the test which was carried out for the wall slab type apartment and moment frame apartment, and also for the effect of advanced vibration isolation layer. Moment frame structure that main structure consists of column and slab has shown better performance for the heavyweight impact sound comparing with wall slab type structure which is general type in Korea. Stiffness of floor system was raised by reinforcing the stiffness of vibration isolation layer, and it was analyzed how much the floor impact sound performance was improved. The result showed that the reinforced floor had better performance than the existing floor system that uses lightweight porous concrete as vibration isolation material. In addition, a system used wire mesh in mortar showed improvement of floor impact sound than a system without wire mesh, and better performance for the frequency bands lower than 160 Hz which causes floor impact problem in wall slab type apartment.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.567-570
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• 2009

The present study conducted comparative evaluation of wet dry floor heating systems using geothermal heat pump. Circulation hot water from geothermal heat pump which is $10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$ lower than that from boiler was used. In order to access indoor temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) it took 74 minutes for dry type and 247 minutes for wet type. Average floor temperature was $23.89^{\circ}C$ for wet type and $32.66^{\circ}C$ for dry type. Energy saving rate gradually increased by 66% after 138 minutes. In the results, for floor heating system using low temperature circulation water, wet type was not enough to meet stable and comfortable radiant floor heating due to low floor temperature and access time to indoor set temperature. While dry type was practicable for stable floor heating due to fast rise of indoor set temperature and comfortable floor temperature.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.60-65
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• 2009

The present study was conducted for a comparative evaluation of wet and dry floor heating systems using geothermal heat pump. We circulated hot water from geothermal heat pump which is $10{\sim}15^{\circ}C$ lower than that from boiler. In order to access indoor temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) it took 74 minutes for dry type and 247 minutes for wet type. Average floor temperature was $23.9^{\circ}C$ for wet type and $32.7^{\circ}C$ for dry type. Energy saving rate gradually increased by 66% after 138 minutes. As a result, in case of floor heating system using low temperature circulation water, dry type was more practicable for stable floor heating than wet type in terms of floor temperature and access time to indoor set temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.234-238
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• 1998

Two experiments were conducted with broiler chickens to determine cage floor preferences, the strength of preference for a particular floor type and to evaluate the effect of rearing broilers on the preferred cage floor on productivity. In experiment 1, chicks when offered free access to either wire (WF) or plastic (PF) mesh flooring, preferred the former. However, when the perferred floor type (WF) was illuminated at 800 lux, birds spent longer time on PF. Also provision of incandescent lamps at PF resulted in broilers spending significantly longer period on WF. In experiment 2, while floor type had no effect on growth of female chicks throughout the duration of study, male chicks grown on PF were heavier than their WF counterparts on Days 21, 28, 35 and 42. Neither livability, nor incidence of breast blisters and leg deformities was affected by floor type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.844-847
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• 2008

As customer's demands are varying, the type of floor plan of apartment is changed into expanded type with balcony unified to living room from general type with balcony separated from living room and so is changing the layout of L(living room), D(dining room) and K(kitchen). This study aims to examine how the type of floor plan of living room affects the floor impact sound insulation performance and to propose fundamental idea to floor plan layout of apartment in terms of floor impact sound reduction.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2024

The present study aims to investigate the level difference of floor impact noises of composite floor structure using EVA resilient materials. In order to this, four different types of resilient materials were designed combining PET, PP sheet and EVA mount including Flat type, Deck type, Cavity type and Mount type. Totally 9 different samples were made for acoustic measurements which were carried out twice with bang-machine and impact ball as the heavy-weight floor impact noise sources. All the floor impact noise measurements were undertaken at the authentication institution. As a result, concerning Flat and Cavity types, it was found that 2 dB ~ 5 dB of heavy-weight floor impact noise was reduced supplementally when PET was added, while floor impact noise larger than 50 dB was acquired when single resilient material was used. Especially, most high performance was obtained for Mount type with 1st grade of light-weight floor impact noise and 2nd grade of heavy-weight floor impact noise. This is because of material property with low dense PET sound absorption materials which fill all around EVA mounts. Also, it was considered that this results are due to the sound impact absorption by the both EVA mounts and the air cavity between EVA mount and PP sheet. Also, it was found that at least 36 EVA mounts per 1m2 area of resilient panel make more noise reduction of heavy-weight floor impact noises.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.205-214
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the floor plan of single detached houses in Canada. A quantitative & qualitative analysis method of th 260 house plan was used in this study. The followings were found out from this analysis : 1) There were the differences of the lay-out and the number of public spaces between a small type and a big type. 2) There were the differences of the equipment and the number of bathroom between a small type and a big type. 3) The most work center type of kitchen was 'ㄴ+ㅁ' type(33%). 4) The most type of floor plan was that one with attached garage(87%) and center entry(99%). 5) Almost floor plans having 3 or 4 bed rooms even though medium II and large size plans which is to show that the basic needs of family life rely on the omnifarious public spaces.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.409-416
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• 2006

The seismic characteristics with 3-Dimensional Floor Isolation System have been studied using a shaking table system. In this study, we made two kind of floor system (Type I, Type II) and several seismic tests with and without isolation system were conducted to evaluate 3-Dimensional Floor Isolation Effectiveness. Both type have showed large reduction effectiveness in acceleration, response spectra but Type II have showed lower acceleration and lower first mode in response spectra, compared to type I. On the basis of test results and consideration of application, it is found that type II is more suitable for floor model of main control room of Nuclear Power Plant.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.465-475
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• 2011

It is known that energy consumption in bottom floor of typical Korean-style apartment is the highest. Previous studies for energy consumption in accordance with floor level appear to be very limited due to the dependence on single energy variable such as electric power or LNG separately, based on past flat type of apartment. Acknowledging these constraints, an empirical study for a tower type emerged recently as new style of apartment in South Korea was conducted to demonstrate how a comprehensive evaluation for both electric power and LNG consumption can be used to assist in monitoring the total energy consumption in terms of floor specific settings. It was possible to identify that energy consumption in bottom floor is lesser than that of top floor, to the contrary, fact known from previous study. Also electric power consumption in top floor was identified as 15% higher than that of floor in the least. It is anticipated that this integrated utilization of electric power and LNG data would present more scientific and objective evidence for the energy load among floor level of tower type apartment by overcoming serious constraints suffered from the past single variable investigation. Ultimately, the result in this paper could be used as a valuable reference to providing priority for energy saving activities in top floor such as cool roof or green roof.