• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.411-433
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• 2013

Due to its easy operation and wide applicability, the ambient vibration method is commonly adopted to determine the cable force by first identifying the cable frequencies from the vibration signals. With given vibration length and flexural rigidity, an analytical or empirical formula is then used with these cable frequencies to calculate the cable force. It is, however, usually difficult to decide the two required parameters, especially the vibration length due to uncertain boundary constraints. To tackle this problem, a new concept of combining the modal frequencies and mode shape ratios is fully explored in this study for developing an accurate method merely based on ambient vibration measurements. A simply supported beam model with an axial tension is adopted and the effective vibration length of cable is then independently determined based on the mode shape ratios identified from the synchronized measurements. With the effective vibration length obtained and the identified modal frequencies, the cable force and flexural rigidity can then be solved using simple linear regression techniques. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method is extensively verified with demonstrative numerical examples and actual applications to different cable-stayed bridges. Furthermore, several important issues in engineering practice such as the number of sensors and selection of modes are also thoroughly investigated.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.696-699
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• 2003

In the semiconductor and the optical industry a new transport system which can replace the conventional sliding system is required. There systems are driven by magnetic field and conveyer belt. The magnetic field damages semiconductor and contact force scratches the optical lens. The ultrasonic wave driven system can solve these problem. In this paper, the object transport system using the excitation of ultrasonic wave is proposed. The experiments for finding the optimal excitation frequency, finding phase-difference between two ultrasonic wave generators are performed. The relationship of transporting speed according to the change of flexural beam shape is verified and the system performance for practical use is evaluated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.349-366
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• 2009

The composite slim beam has become popular throughout Europe in recent years and has also been used on some projects in China. With its steel section encased in a concrete slab, the steel-concrete composite slim beam can provide the floor construction with minimum depth and high fire resistance. However, the design method of the T-shape steel-concrete composite beam is no longer applicable to the composite slim beam with deep deck for its special construction, of which the present design models are not available but mainly depend on experiences. The elevation of the flexural stiffness and bending capacity of composite slim beams with deep deck is rather complicated, because the influences of many factors should be taken into account, such as the variable section dimensions, development of cracks and non-linear characteristics of concrete, etc. In this paper, experimental investigations have been conducted into the flexural behavior of two specimens of simply supported composite slim beam with deep deck. The emphases were laid on the bonding force on the interface between steel beam and concrete, the stress distribution of beam section, the flexural stiffness and bending capacity of the composite beams. Based on the experimental results, the reduction factor of equivalent stress distribution in concrete flange is suggested, and the calculation method of flexural stiffness and bending capacity of simply supported slim beams are proposed.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

Recent construction activities have given rise to civil petitions associated with vibration-induced damages or nuisances. To mitigate unfavorable effects of construction activities, the measures to reduce or isolate from vibration need to be adopted. In this research, a vibration-mitigated concrete, which is one of the active measures for reducing vibration in concrete structures, was investigated. Concrete was mixed with vibration-reducing materials (i.e. latex, rubber power, plastic resin, and polystyrofoam) to reduce vibration and tested to evaluate dynamic material properties and structural characteristics. Normal and high strength concrete specimens with a certain level of damage were also tested for comparisons. In addition, recycling tires and plastic materials were added to produce a vibration-reducing concrete. A total of 32 concrete bars and eight concrete beams were tested to investigate the dynamic material properties and structural characteristics. Wave measurements on concrete bars showed that vibration-mitigated concrete has larger material damping ratio than normal or high strength concrete. Styrofoam turned out to be the most effective vibration-reducing mixture. Flexural vibration tests on eight flexural concrete beams also revealed that material damping ratio of the concrete beams is much smaller than structural damping ratio for all the cases.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.792-796
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• 2006

In recent years, the semiconductor industry and the optical industry is developed rapidly. The recent demand has expanded for optical components such as a optical lens, a optical semiconductor and a measuring instrument. Object transport systems are driven typically by the magnetic field and the conveyer belt. Recent industry requires more faster and efficient transport system. However, conventional transport systems are not adequate for transportation of optical elements and semiconductors. Because conveyor belts can damage precision optical elements by the contact force and magnetic systems can destroy the inner structure of semiconductor by the magnetic field. In this paper, the levitation transport system using ultrasonic wave is developed for transporting precision elements without damages. This transport system is using 2-mode ultrasonic wave excitation and flexural beam modes shapes are evaluated. It compared simulation results with experimental results

• 소음진동
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.511-519
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• 1997

For a number of years it has been known that flexural vibration in a beam and plate can be damped by the application of layer of damping (viscoelastic) material that is in turn constrained by a backing layer or foil. In this study, a quantitative analysis of damping of the sandwich beam has been performed by using impact test. The damping is characterized by the loss factor .etha. in which the damping is normalized by imaginary part of the complex bending stiffiness of the beam. Results show that the relative thickness of the sandwich beam gives more effect on the riatural-frequencies and loss factor than the variation of width does. It is also shown that the Ross-Kerwin-Ungar equation and impact test can be effectively used to identify the damping characteristic of the sandwich beam and viscoelastic material.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1998

The authors have studied vibration analysis algorithm which was suitable to the personal computer. Recently, we presented the transfer stiffness coefficient method(TSCM). This method is based on the concept of the transfer of the nodal dynamic stiffness coefficients which are related to force and displacement vectors at each node. In this paper, we describes the general formulation for the longitudinal and flexural coupled vibration analysis of a beam type structure by the TSCM. And the superiority of the TSCM to the finite element method(FEM) in the computation accuracy, cost and convenience was confirmed by results of the numerical computation and experiment.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.331-332
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• 2006

Transport systems which are the important part of the factory automation have much influence on improving productivity. Object transport systems are driven typically by the magnetic field and conveyer belt. In recent years, as the transmission and processing of information is required more quickly, demands of optical elements and semiconductors increase. However, conventional transport systems are not adequate for transportation of those. The reason is that conveyor belts can damage precision optical elements by the contact force and magnetic systems can destroy the inner structure of semiconductor by the magnetic field. In this paper, the levitation transport system using ultrasonic wave is developed for transporting precision elements without damages. Vibration modes of each flexural beam are verified by using Laser Scanning Vibrometer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권6호
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• pp.725-734
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• 2022

This work presents a simple exponential shear deformation theory for the flexural and free vibration responses of thick bridge deck. Contrary to the existing higher order shear deformation theories (HSDT) and the first shear deformation theory (FSDT), the proposed model uses a new displacement field which incorporates undetermined integral terms and involves only two variables. Governing equations and boundary conditions of the theory are derived by the principle of virtual work. The simply supported thick isotropic square and rectangular plates are considered for the detailed numerical studies. Results of displacements, stresses and frequencies are compared with those of other refined theories and exact theory to show the efficiency of the proposed theory. Good agreement is achieved of the present results with those of higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and elasticity theory. Moreover, results demonstrate that the developed two variable refined plate theory is simple for solving the flexural and free vibration responses of thick bridge deck and can achieve the same accuracy of the existing HSDTs which have more number of variables.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

Active control of flexural vibrations of smart laminated composite beams has been carried out using piezoceramic sensor/actuator and viscoelastic material. The beams with passive constrained layer damping have been analyzed by formulating the equations of motion through the use of extended Hamilton's principle. The dynamic characteristics such as damping ratio and modal damping of the beam are calculated for various fiber orientations by means of iterative complex eigensolution method. This paper addresses a design strategy of laminated composite under flexural vibrations to design structure with maximum possible damping capacity.