• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.572-578
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• 2003

The free vibration of a spinning flexible disk-spindle system supported by hydro dynamic bearings in a HDD is analyzed by FEM. The spinning flexible disk is described using Kirchhoff plate theory and von Karman non-linear strain, and its rigid body motion is also considered. It is discretized by annular sector element. The rotating spindle which includes the clamp, hub, permanent magnet and yoke, is modeled by Timoshenko beam including the gyroscopic effect. The flexible supporting structure with a complex shape which includes stator core, housing, base plate, sleeve and thrust pad is modeled by using a 4-node tetrahedron element with rotational degrees of freedom to satisfy the geometric compatibility. The dynamic coefficients of HDB are calculated from the HDB analysis program, which solves the perturbed Raynolds equation using FEM. Introducing the virtual nodes and the rigid link constraints defined in the center of HDB, beam elements of the shaft are connected to the solid elements of the sleeve and thrust pad through the spring and damper element. The global matrix equation obtained by assembling the finite element equations of each substructure is transformed to the state-space matrix-vector equation, and the associated eigenvalue problem is solved by using the restarted Arnoldi iteration method. The validity of this research is verified by comparing the numerical results of the natural frequencies with the experimental ones. Also the effect of supporting structures to the natural modes of the total HDD system is rigorously analyzed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.3883-3891
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• 1996

Performance and productivity of robot manipulator can be improved by increasing its working speed and extending its link length. But heavy weght of the commercial robot links, considered as "rigid body", limits its mazimum working speed and the weght of the links can be reduced for high speed operation. But this light-weight link or long link for special use cannot be consideredas "rigid" structure and vibration of the link due to its flexibility causes errors in end-effector position and orientation. Thus the elastic behaviro of the flexible link should be taken care of for increasing work speed and getting smaller error of end-effector position. In this paper, the fuzzy control theory is selected to design the controller which controlos the joint positions of the robot manipulator and suppress the vibration of flexible link. In the forst place, for the 1 DOF flexible link system, the fuzzy control theory is implemented. The contdroller for the 1 DOF flexible link system is designed. Experimental research is carried out to examine the controllability and the validity of the fuzzy control theory based controller. Next, using the extended desing schemes for the case of the 1 DOF flexible link system and usign the experimental phenomena of the 3 DOF flexible link system, the fuzzy controller for the 3 DOF flexible link system is desinged and experimented.ed and experimented.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.492-498
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• 2005

A linear motor damper based on the linear motor principle is developed to suppress structural vibration. This paper deals with the design, analysis, and manufacture of the linear motor damper. It is designed to be able to move the auxiliary mass of 1500kg, up to $\pm250mm$ stroke. The control algorithm was designed based on LQG control logic with acceleration feedback. Through performance tests, it was confirmed that the developed hybrid mass damper has reliable feasibility as a control device for structural control. In addition, the linear motor damper is more economical than both hydraulic and electric motor driving mass damper with respect to simple structure and low maintenance cost. A series of performance tests of the linear motor damper system were carried out on the full-scale steel frame structure in UNISON Corporation. Through the performance tests, it was confirmed that acceleration levels are reduced down 10dB for first mode of structure

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 유체가 채워진 착저식 유연막 구조물과 파와의 상호작용 문제를 유탄성 이론을 사용하여 살펴보았다. 먼저 동역학적 문제를 풀기에 앞서 유체로 채워진 유연막 내부에 일정한 압력이 작용하였을 때, 유연막의 형상과 막에 작용하는 초기장력을 정역학문제를 풀어 구한다. 동역학적 문제를 풀기 위하여 유체영역을 내부영역과 외부영역으로 나누어, 내부영역을 유연막을 경계로 영역 1과 영역 2로 다시 나눈다. 내부영역에서는 경계요소법을 사용하여 파동장을 풀고, 외부영역에서는 고유함수전개법을 사용하여 해를 구한다. 두 영역이 만나는 정합면에서 이미 구한 해를 정합시켜 완전한 해를 구한다. 유연막의 거동은 원주 좌표계를 사용하여 유도된 선형화된 막방정식을 사용하여 이때 외력은 영역 1과 영역 2의 압력차로 주어지므로 영역 1과 영역 2의 해는 막방정식을 통하여 연성된다. 유체가 채워진 착저식 유연막 방파제의 성능에 미치는 중요한 변수로는 유연막의 형상(폭, 높이)과 유연막 내부압력, 유체의 밀도이다. 설계변수들을 바꿔가면서 유연막에 의한 파랑제어 효과를 투과율을 통하여 살펴보았다. 또한 파의 입사각도에 따른 파랑제어 효과를 함께 고찰하였다. 수치계산결과는 Ohyama의 실험결과와 비교하였고 두 결과는 정량적인 값 차이가 나지만 정성적으로 일치하고 있음을 확인하였다. 적절히 설계된 유연막은 소형어항 보호용이나 레저용 방파제로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 발견하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2006

층상구조의 폴리이미드 제조를 위해 다양한 곁가지 길이를 가지고 있는 두 종류의 디아민 단량체를 합성하였으며, 이를 이용하여 친수성 유연 곁가지와 친유성 유연 곁가지를 가지는 단일 중합 및 공중합 폴리이미드를 합성하였다. 강직한 주사슬의 충간은 유연한 곁가지로 인해 공간이 채워지게 되므로 곁가지의 길이가 특정 길이에 이르게 되면 주사슬과의 반발력으로 인하여 층상구조를 갖는 폴리이미드를 형성하게 된다. 친유성기를 도입한 단일중합체 폴리이미드의 경우 알킬곁가지의 길이가 증가함에 따라 층간거리가 $32.7\~48{\AA}$으로 증가하였고, 친수성기를 곁가지의 길이에 따라 도입한 경우에는 $7\~10.5{\AA}$으로 증가함을 X선 회절을 통해 확인하였다. 친유, 친수성기가 동시에 도입된 공중합체 폴리이미드의 경우에도 서로 다른 성질을 갖는 곁가지의 반발력에 의해 층상구조의 형성이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 이를 분자모델링을 통한 이론적 구조계산과 비교해 본 결과, 유연한 곁가지의 길이에 따라 층간간격과 몰부피가 증가하는 층상구조의 폴리이미드 형성을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 $-20^{\circ}C{\sim}10^{\circ}C$의 온도 유지가 가능한 길이 3.2m, 폭 3.2m, 높이 2.4m의 대형 냉동고 내부에 길이 0.9m, 폭 0.9m, 높이 0.9m의 실험용 토조를 실제 도로 아스팔트 포장체의 형상과 유사하게 구성하여 실험 조건에 따른 시료 깊이별 온도변화, 동상 팽창압, 팽창량 등 도로의 동결 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 소형충격재하 장치(LFWD)를 활용하여 동결 전과 융해 후 도로포장구조체의 동상방지층 유무에 따른 실험을 실시하여 아스팔트 포장체 표면의 처짐을 측정하였다. 즉, 도로포장 중앙부의 처짐비와 표층곡률지수비를 분석, 평가함으로써 도로동상방지층의 효용성 및 공용성을 규명하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.491-491
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• 2011

Transparent and flexible electronic devices that are light-weight, unbreakable, low power consumption, optically transparent, and mechanical flexible possibly have great potential in new applications of digital gadgets. Potential applications include transparent displays, heads-up display, sensor, and artificial skin. Recent reports on transparent and flexible field-effect transistors (tf-FETs) have focused on improving mechanical properties, optical transmittance, and performances. Most of tf-FET devices were fabricated with transparent oxide semiconductors which mechanical flexibility is limited. And, there have been no reports of transparent and flexible all-organic tf-FETs fabricated with organic semiconductor channel, gate dielectric, gate electrode, source/drain electrode, and encapsulation for sensor applications. We present the first demonstration of transparent, flexible all-organic sensor based on multifunctional organic FETs with organic semiconductor channel, gate dielectric, and electrodes having a capability of sensing infrared (IR) radiation and mechanical strain. The key component of our device design is to integrate the poly(vinylidene fluoride-triflouroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE) co-polymer directly into transparent and flexible OFETs as a multi-functional dielectric layer, which has both piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. The P(VDF-TrFE) co-polumer gate dielectric has a high sensitivity to the wavelength regime over 800 nm. In particular, wavelength variations of P(VDF-TrFE) molecules coincide with wavelength range of IR radiation from human body (7000 nm ~14000 nm) so that the devices are highly sensitive with IR radiation of human body. Devices were examined by measuring IR light response at different powers. After that, we continued to measure IR response under various bending radius. AC (alternating current) gate biasing method was used to separate the response of direct pyroelectric gate dielectric and other electrical parameters such as mobility, capacitance, and contact resistance. Experiment results demonstrate that the tf-OTFT with high sensitivity to IR radiation can be applied for IR sensors.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.770-774
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• 2012

Protein loops are often involved in diverse biological functions, and some functional loops show conformational changes upon ligand binding. Since this conformational change is directly related to ligand binding pose and protein function, there have been numerous attempts to predict this change accurately. In this study, we show that it is plausible to obtain meaningful ensembles of loop conformations for flexible, ligand-binding protein loops efficiently by applying a loop modeling method. The loop modeling method employs triaxial loop closure algorithm for trial conformation generation and conformational space annealing for global energy optimization. When loop modeling was performed on the framework of ligand-free structure, loop structures within $3\AA$ RMSD from the crystal loop structure for the ligand-bound state were sampled in 4 out of 6 cases. This result is encouraging considering that no information on the ligand-bound state was used during the loop modeling process. We therefore expect that the present loop modeling method will be useful for future developments of flexible protein-ligand docking methods.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.607-623
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• 2015

The wind-induced dynamic response of large-span flexible structures includes two important components-background response and resonant response. However, it is difficult to separate the two components in time-domain. To solve the problem, a relational expression of wavelet packet coefficients and power spectrum is derived based on the principles of digital signal processing and the theories of wavelet packet analysis. Further, a new approach is proposed for separation of the background response from the resonant response. Then a numerical example of frequency detection is provided to test the accuracy and the spectral resolution of the proposed approach. In the engineering example, the approach is applied to compute the power spectra of the wind-induced response of a large-span roof structure, and the accuracy of spectral estimation for stochastic signals is verified. The numerical results indicate that the proposed approach is efficient and accurate with high spectral resolution, so it is applicable for power spectral computation of various response signals of structures induced by the wind. Moreover, the background and the resonant response time histories are separated successfully using the proposed approach, which is sufficiently proved by detailed verifications. Therefore, the proposed approach is a powerful tool for the verification of the existing frequency-domain formulations.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2016

In this paper, core-shell structure of nickel/gold (Ni/Au) conductive layer on poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) micro-ball was fabricated and its conduction property was investigated. Firstly, PMMA micro-ball was synthesized by using dispersion polymerization method. Size of the ball was $2.8{\mu}m$ within ${\pm}7%$ deviation, and appropriate elastic deformation of the PMMA micro-ball ranging from 31 to 39% was achieved under 3 kg pressure. Also, 200 nm thick Ni/Au conductive layer was fabricated on the PMMA micro-ball by uniformly depositing with electroless-plating. Adhesion of the conductive layer was optimized with help of surface pre-treatment, and the layer adhered without peeling-off despite of thermal expansion by collision with accelerated electrons. Composite paste containing core-shell structured particles well cured at low temperature of $130^{\circ}C$ while pressing the test chip onto the substrate to make electrical contact, and electrical resistance of the conductive layer showed stable behavior of about $6.0{\Omega}$. Thus, it was known that core-shell structured particle of the Ni/Au conductive layer on PMMA micro-ball was feasible to flexible electronics.